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For other uses, see Tecumseh (disambiguation).
Tecumseh

This 1848 drawing of Tecumseh was based on a sketch done from life in 1808. Benson Lossing altered the original by putting Tecumseh in a British uniform, under the mistaken (but widespread) belief that Tecumseh had been a British general. Benson John Lossing (1813-1891 was a prolific and popular American Historian, known best for his illustrated books on the American Revolution and This depiction is unusual in that it includes a nose ring, popular among the Shawnee at the time, but typically omitted in idealized depictions. Nose piercing is the piercing of the Skin or Cartilage which forms any part of the Nose, normally for the purpose of wearing Jewelry
Born c. 1768
Xenia, OH
Died October 05, 1813
Moraviantown (near current-day Chatham-Kent, Ontario)
Nationality Shawnee
Other names Tecumtha, Tekamthi
Occupation Shawnee leader, Native American right activist
Known for Tecumseh's War, War of 1812
Parents Pucksinwah, Methoataske

Tecumseh (c. Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Xenia (pronounced Zeen-yuh is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Greene County. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the town in England see Chatham Kent. The Municipality of Chatham-Kent ( 2006 Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion are terms sometimes used to describe a conflict in the Old Northwest between the United States and an American The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies 1768 – 5 October 1813), whose given name might be more accurately rendered as Tecumtha or Tekamthi, was a famous Shawnee leader. Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. He spent much of his life attempting to rally various Native American tribes in a mutual defense of their lands, which eventually led to his death in the War of 1812. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies

Contents

Early life

Tecumseh (Tekamwthē: "He who Walks Across [the Sky]"[1]) is believed to have been born on March 9, 1768 just outside the current town of Xenia, Ohio, to the "Dancing Tail" (Panther) clan. Xenia (pronounced Zeen-yuh is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Greene County. His father was Pucksinwah, a Shawnee war chief who was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant. The Battle of Point Pleasant, sometimes known as the Battle of Kanawha, was the only major battle of Dunmore's War. His mother was named Methoataske. Methoataske (or Methoataaskee, meaning " who Lays Eggs in the Sand" was the mother of Tecumseh, the famous Shawnee leader Tecumseh was raised as a warrior by his older brother, Cheeksuakalo. He was one of seven children. Tecumseh has been translated as "The Shooting Star". [2].

Tecumseh eventually settled in what is now Greenville, Ohio, the home of his younger brother Tenskwatawa (formerly Lowawluwaysica) ("One With Open Mouth" or "The Open Door"), perhaps best known simply as The Prophet. Greenville is a city in Darke County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13294 at the 2000 census. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Tenskwatawa, (also called Tenskatawa, Tenskwatawah, Tensquatawa or Lalawethika) (1775 &ndash November 1834 was a Native American

"Tecumseh's War"

Main article: Tecumseh's War

In 1805, a religious revival led by Tenskwatawa emerged. Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion are terms sometimes used to describe a conflict in the Old Northwest between the United States and an American Tenskwatawa urged natives to reject the ways of the whites, and to refrain from ceding any more lands to the United States. Opposing Tenskwatawa was the Shawnee leader Black Hoof, who was working to maintain a peaceful relationship with the United States. Catecahassa or Black Hoof (c 1740&ndash1831 was the head civil chief of the Shawnee Indians in the Ohio Country By 1808, tensions with white settlers and Black Hoof's Shawnees compelled Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh to move further northwest and establish the village of Prophetstown near the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers (near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana). The Wabash River is a long River in the eastern United States that flows southwest from northwest Ohio near St The Tippecanoe River is a gentle 225 mile (362 km long river in northern Indiana that flows from Lake Tippecanoe in Kosciusko County to the Battle Ground is a town in Tippecanoe Township, Tippecanoe County in the U

Tenskwatawa's religious teachings became widely known as did his predictions based on information supplied by Tecumseh. Many of these were based on readings from white men's books, in particular astronomy books (see Galloway). Tecumseh would eventually emerge as the leader of this confederation, though it was built upon a foundation established by the religious appeal of his younger brother. Relatively few of these followers were Shawnees; although Tecumseh is often portrayed as the leader of the Shawnees, most Shawnees in fact had little involvement with Tecumseh or the Prophet, and chose instead to move further west or to remain at peace with the United States.

In September 1809, William Henry Harrison, governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory, negotiated the Treaty of Fort Wayne in which a delegation of half-starved Indians ceded 3 million acres (12,000 km²) of Native American lands to the United States. This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H Indiana Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from 1800 to 1816 created by Act of Congress and signed into law by President The Treaty of Fort Wayne is an 1809 treaty that obtained 3000000 acres (approximately 12000 km² of American Indian land for the white settlers of Ohio [3] Harrison was under orders from Washington to negotiate with Indians that claimed the lands that they were ceding. However, he disregarded these orders, as none of the Indians he met with lived on the lands that they ceded.

Tecumseh's opposition to the treaty marked his emergence as a prominent leader. Although Tecumseh and the Shawnees had no claim on the land sold, he was alarmed by the massive sale. Tecumseh revived an idea advocated in previous years by the Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and the Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, which stated that Indian land was owned in common by all tribes, and thus no land could be sold without agreement by all. Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah (c 1743 &ndash c 1810 was a war chief of the Shawnee people known for his militant defense of Shawnee lands in the Ohio Country Mohawk ( Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning "People of the Flint" are an indigenous people of North America Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant ( c 1743 &ndash 24 November 1807) was a Mohawk leader and British military officer during Not ready to confront the United States directly, Tecumseh's primary adversaries were initially the Indian leaders who had signed the treaty. An impressive orator, Tecumseh began to travel widely, urging warriors to abandon accommodationist chiefs and to join the resistance at Prophetstown. Tecumseh insisted that the Fort Wayne treaty was illegal; he asked Harrison to nullify it, and warned that Americans should not attempt to settle on the lands sold in the treaty. Tecumseh is quoted as saying, "No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less to strangers. . . . Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?" And, ". . . . the only way to stop this evil is for the red man to unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land, as it was first, and should be now, for it was never divided. "[4]

In 1810 and 1811, Tecumseh met with Harrison at Grouseland, Harrison's Vincennes, Indiana, home. Grouseland, the William Henry Harrison Mansion and Museum is a National Historic Landmark in architectural and historical fields The city of Vincennes is the County seat of Knox County, Indiana. He assured him that the Shawnee brothers meant to remain at peace with the United States. Tecumseh then traveled south, on a mission to recruit allies among those Indians who were at the time called the "Five Civilized Tribes. The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and " Most of the southern nations rejected his appeals, but a faction among the Creeks, who came to be known as the Red Sticks, answered his call to arms, leading to the Creek War. Red Sticks is the English term for a traditionalist faction of Creek Indians who led a resistance movement which culminated in the outbreak of the Creek War in 1813 The Creek War (1813&ndash1814 also known as the Red Stick War and the Creek Civil War, began as a Civil war within the Creek (Muscogee

While Tecumseh was in the South, Governor Harrison marched up the Wabash River from Vincennes with more than 1,000 men, on an expedition to intimidate the Prophet and his followers. Vincennes is a commune of the Val-de-Marne located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. On November 6, 1811, Harrison's army arrived outside Prophetstown (Tippecanoe). Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Instead of being frightened, Tenskwatawa ordered his warriors to attack the American encampment that night. In the Battle of Tippecanoe, Harrison's men held their ground, and the Indians withdrew from the village after the battle. The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought in 1811 between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and forces The victorious Americans burned the town and returned to Vincennes.

The battle was a severe blow for Tenskwatawa, who had lost both prestige and the confidence of his brother. Although it was a significant setback, Tecumseh began to secretly rebuild his alliance upon his return. Now that the Americans were also at war with the British in the War of 1812, "Tecumseh's War" became a part of that struggle. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The American effort to neutralize potential British-Native American cooperation had backfired, instead making Tecumseh and his followers more fully committed to an alliance with Britain.

War of 1812

Tecumseh joined British Major-General Sir Isaac Brock to force the surrender of Detroit in August 1812, a major victory for the British. Major-General Sir Isaac Brock KB (6 October 1769 – 13 October 1812 was a British Army officer and Tecumseh's acumen in warfare was evident in this engagement. As Brock advanced to a point just out of range of Detroit's guns, Tecumseh had his warriors parade from a nearby wood and circle around to repeat the maneuver, making it appear that there were many more than was actually the case. The fort commander, Brigadier General William Hull, surrendered in fear of a massacre should he refuse. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. William Hull ( June 24, 1753 &ndash November 29, 1825) was an American Soldier and Politician. [5] Among the Detroit residents imprisoned by the British was Father Gabriel Richard, but due to the high esteem in which the priest was held by the Native Americans among whom he ministered, Tecumseh refused to continue fighting for the British until they freed Richard. Father Gabriel Richard ( October 15, 1767 – September 13, 1832) was a French Roman Catholic Priest who

This victory was reversed a little over a year later, as Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's victory on Lake Erie, late in the summer of 1813, cut British supply lines and forced them to withdraw. Please see " Commodore " for other uses of this rank Commodore is a rank of the United States Navy with a somewhat Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry (August 20 1785 &ndash August 23 1819 was an officer in the United States Navy. Lake Erie (ˈɪəriː is the fourth largest Lake (by surface area of the five Great Lakes, and the tenth largest globally The British burned all public buildings in Detroit and retreated into Upper Canada along the Thames Valley. Tecumseh followed, fighting rearguard actions to slow the US advance.

Death of Tecumseh
Death of Tecumseh

The next British commander, Major-General Henry Procter did not have the same working relationship with Tecumseh as his predecessor and the two "disagreed over tactics. Henry Procter may refer to Henry Procter (general (1763-1822 a British Army officer Henry Adam Procter (1883-1955 British politician " Procter failed to appear at Chatham, Ontario as expected by the Native Americans. For the town in England see Chatham Kent. The Municipality of Chatham-Kent ( 2006 Harrison crossed into Upper Canada on October 5, 1813 and won a victory over the British and Native Americans at the Battle of the Thames near Chatham. The Battle of the Thames, also known as the Battle of Moraviantown, was a decisive American victory in the War of 1812. Tecumseh was killed, and shortly after the battle the tribes of his confederacy surrendered to Harrison at Detroit. Certain eye-witness sources state that Tecumseh was killed by Colonel Richard M. Johnson, future vice-president of the United States under Martin Van Buren, although it has not been proven. Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17 1780 or 1781 &ndash November 19 1850 was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin Martin Van Buren (December 5 1782 July 24 1862 was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841

Tributes

The US Navy named four ships USS Tecumseh, the first one as early as 1863. Four ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Tecumseh, in honor of Tecumseh (ca The Canadian naval reserve unit HMCS Tecumseh is based in Calgary, Alberta. HMCS Tecumseh, or "TEC" is a unit of the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve based in Calgary Alberta. Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada In June 1930, the United States Naval Academy Class of 1891 presented the Academy with a bronze replica of the figurehead of USS Delaware, a sailing ship of the line. The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States A ship-of-the-line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th century through the mid-19th century to take part in the the naval tactic known as the Line of battle This bust, one of the most famous relics on the campus, has been widely identified as Tecumseh. However, when it adorned the American man-of-war, it commemorated not Tecumseh but Tamanend, the Delaware chief who welcomed William Penn to America in 1682. The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic William Penn ( October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania,

Tecumseh is honoured in Canada as a hero and military commander who played a major role in Canada's successful defence against an American takeover in the War of 1812, which eventually led to an independent Canada half a century later. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Among the tributes, Tecumseh is ranked 37th in The Greatest Canadian list. Officially launched on April 5, 2004, The Greatest Canadian was a television program series by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC to

A number of towns have been named in honor of Tecumseh, including those in the states of Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and the province of Ontario, as well as the town and township of New Tecumseth, Ontario, and Mount Tecumseh in New Hampshire. Tecumseh is an unincorporated community situated along the Kansas River in eastern Shawnee County, located in northeast Kansas, in the central Tecumseh is a small city in Lenawee County of the US state of Michigan. Tecumseh is an unincorporated community in eastern Ozark County Missouri. Tecumseh is a city in and the County seat of Johnson County, Nebraska, United States. Tecumseh is a city in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. Tecumseh (2001 population 25105 is a Town on Lake St Clair east of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. New Tecumseth is a Town in south-central Ontario, in the County of Simcoe. Mount Tecumseh is a Mountain located in Grafton County, New Hampshire.

Union Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman, was given the name Tecumseh because "my father . During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South . . had caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees. "[6]

Tecumseh in fiction

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ see: "dkamse" in Rhodes, Richard Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. The term Curse of Tippecanoe (also known as Tecumseh's curse, the presidential curse, zero-year curse, or the twenty-year curse) is sometimes ISBN 3-11-013749-6
  2. ^ The Canadian Portrait Gallery, Volume II. John Charles Dent. 1880. pg 144-150.
  3. ^ Treaty with the Delawares, Etc., 1809. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau.
  4. ^ Steinberg, Theodore. Slide Mountain or The Folly of Owning Nature. Chapter 5, "Three-D Deeds: The Rise of Air Rights in New York" University of California Press, 1996.
  5. ^ Burton, Pierre (1980) The Invasion of Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, pp. 177-182.
  6. ^ WTS Memoirs, 2d ed. 11 (Lib. of America 1990)
  7. ^ Tecumseh! Official webpage for the outdoor drama program

Further reading

External links

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