Taxonomy of schools - Citizendia

Educational institutions are often categorised along several dimensions. The most important is perhaps the age or level of the students in the institution, but funding source, affiliation, and gender, racial, or ethnic exclusivity are also commonly used.

1 By age
2 By funding source
3 By gender
4 By race, language, ethnicity
5 By living arrangements
6 Miscellaneous
7 See also

By age

Infants and toddlers

For children up to about age 5. In most places, this level of education is still optional, with some students staying home with parents until the next stage. Schools of this type are often not part of any formal education system, and many are not free of charge even where the school system as a whole is.

Primary school

The first years of the formal educational system are known most generally as "primary school", although they also have the following names in some areas (not all entirely synonymous):

Middle school

Many jurisdictions have no formal "middle" level between primary school and secondary school, but in those that do, "middle school" is a generic term for it. A nursery school is a school for children between the ages of three and five staffed by qualified teachers and other professionals who encourage and supervise educational play rather than Day care or child care is care of a child during the Day by a person other than the child's Parents or Legal guardians typically someone outside ( German, literally means "children's garden" is a form of education for young children which serves as a transition from home to the commencement of more formal schooling See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary An Infant school is a type of School which caters for young children usually between the ages of 4 and 7 years First school and lower school are terms used in some areas of the United Kingdom to describe the first stage of Primary education. A junior school is a type of School which caters for children often between the ages of 4 and 11 Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School Some areas treat "junior high" as an interchangeable synonym for "middle school", but others maintain a distinction as to level (junior high being slightly higher) or style (junior high being modeled more closely after a secondary school). Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School Some jurisdictions have both, in which case the middle school is typically grades 5–6 and the junior high grades 7–8. Some also use "intermediate" school.

In some areas, there is no formal middle school, but the secondary schools have a "junior division". This is more common among private schools.

In England, a "Preparatory school" is a specific type of middle school. In English language usage in the former British Empire, the present-day Commonwealth, a preparatory school (usually abbreviated to prep school

Secondary school

Secondary school can start at different ages (typically anywhere from 11 to 15). Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes They usually educate children up to the ages of 18 or 19. They go by a variety of now-mostly-synonymous names:

High school
Grammar school
Comprehensive school
Secondary school
Secondary modern school
College preparatory school (or just "prep school")
Academy
Lyceum (esp. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries A comprehensive school is a Secondary school and State school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes A Secondary Modern School is a type of Secondary school that existed in most of the United Kingdom from 1944 until the early 1970s under the Tripartite System A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school (usually abbreviated to preparatory school, college prep school, or prep school An academy ( Greek Ἀκαδημία is an institution of higher learning research or honorary membership This article is about Lyceum as school or as public hall Lyceum can also be short for Lyceum Theatre. in areas with Continental European influence)
Gymnasium (in areas with German influence)
College (archaic, see below)

Post-secondary education

There is no truly generic term for all post-secondary education. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Some types of post-secondary (or tertiary) education include:

A special note about the term "college": in North American and especially US usage, this is a truly generic term for all post-secondary education, right up to and including university, but can also be understood to mean a smaller, four-year, baccalaureate institution. Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students normal school was a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries ATTENTION *** This article is not "Vocational education in the United States" College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Elsewhere, it is more commonly understood to mean only the junior colleges and vocational schools. An older usage still persists in the proper names of some secondary schools. Generally, the term is not suitable for an international audience without further definition.

Postgraduate education

Schools that offer postgraduate education are often, but not always, one unit of a larger university. Categories include:

By funding source

Another major classifier is whether the institution is state-funded or not. A graduate school or ("grad school" is a school that awards advanced degrees such as doctoral degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned Professional school may refer to Journalism school Law school Business school Public policy school Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration (1) This is complicated by contradictory international usage.

Public schools (or, in England and parts of the Commonwealth, State schools) receive nearly all their funding from the government. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and State school is an expression used in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom to distinguish schools provided by the government from privately Most are open to all students.
- Magnet schools are a type of public school with enrollment restricted according to placement test scores. A magnet school is a School which offers specialized courses or curricula. In some cases, racial or ethnic quotas are also used.
- Charter schools, which started in the 1990s, are in much of the United States and in Alberta, Canada. Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page They are funded like other public schools, but are run independently of any school district, with separate oversight bodies.
- In the US, "State schools" refers chiefly to publicly funded universities.
- In Canada, "Separate schools" are publicly funded religious schools. A separate school is a publicly funded School which includes religious Education in its curriculum as opposed to a Private school or Public Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education
Private schools or Independent schools (or, in England and parts of the Commonwealth, Public schools) are those which are owned by a private (non-government) entity, and normally receive some or all of their funding through tuition charged to individual students. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and
- Parochial schools are those attached to a particular parish or congregation, or possibly religious schools in general. Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education Parochial school is one term used (particularly in the United States) to describe a school that engages in Religious education in addition to conventional Education
- In England, "Grammar school" is a specific type of school catering for the more able student. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries Grammar schools in England can be found either in the state sector (ie, publicly funded) or in the private sector (ie, fee-paying schools).

Note (1): While full public (aka state) funding generally denotes a public school in North America, technically this isn't always the case, and isn't the literal definition of a public school. A government may provide full funding for a student to go to a private school, such as school vouchers, even paying for all students at such a school, but it remains private, as a private organization owns and controls the school. A school voucher, also called an education voucher, is a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the Education of their children at a Conversely, a "public" school may charge high fees, and seek other private funding sources, but be "public" by virtue of the "public" owning and controlling the school (e. g. it is owned by a public school board, or other public authority).

By gender

Historically, most schools were segregated by gender (and many more were all-male than all-female). The modern norm is for schools to be coeducational; the vast majority of publicly funded schools in the English-speaking world are so, although this is not universal worldwide. Mixed-sex education, (or just Mixed education) also known as Coeducation, is the integrated education to males and females at the same school facilities Many private schools, both religious and secular, remain single-sex schools. Single-sex education ( SSE) is the practice of conducting Education where male and female students attend separate classes or in separate buildings

By race, language, ethnicity

Until the mid-20th century, schools in much of the US were explicitly racially segregated. This is no longer the case, although a number of institutions of higher learning still call themselves historically black colleges. Historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs) are institutions of Higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the intention

In many areas of the world where different ethnicities coexist, especially when different languages are spoken in those communities, parallel school systems are often organised to serve them. Motivations for this can vary; such a system can be oppressive if one of the parallel systems is inferior to the other, but it can be empowering if it enables a minority community to perpetuate its languages, traditions, and norms. Oppression is the act of using power to empower and/or privilege a group at the expense of disempowering marginalizing silencing and subordinating another group Empowerment refers to increasing the spiritual, political, Social or economic strength of individuals and communities

By living arrangements

Residential schools are those where most or all students live at the school.
- Boarding school is a term for residential schools that carries connotations of being private, old, and/or elite. A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers
A day school is a private school where no students live at the school; the term is used in contexts where this is not the default, and dates from a time when most private schools were boarding schools. A day school is - as opposed to a Boarding school - an Institution where Children are given educational instruction during the day and after which children

Miscellaneous

Military schools are secondary schools, run under strict disciplinary regimens and providing military training, but also providing a general secondary education. A military academy or service academy (American English is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army the Navy Air Force Chiefly U. S.
Classical and Christian schools structure education according to the ancient Trivium of liberal arts. Classical Christian education is an approach to learning which emphasizes biblical teachings and incorporates a teaching model known as the Trivium, consisting of They often require the study of Latin, formal logic and formal rhetoric.
Art school - a school focusing on art education
Special school - a school for students with special needs
Specialist school - a secondary school which specializes in a particular discipline (UK)
Specialized school - a secondary school which specializes in a particular discipline (US, former USSR)

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