| Taxi Driver (1976 film) | |
|---|---|
| Directed by | Martin Scorsese |
| Produced by | Julia Phillips & Michael Phillips |
| Written by | Paul Schrader |
| Starring | Robert De Niro Jodie Foster Harvey Keitel Cybill Shepherd Peter Boyle Albert Brooks Leonard Harris |
| Music by | Bernard Herrmann |
| Cinematography | Michael Chapman |
| Editing by | Tom Rolf Melvin Shapiro |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date(s) | |
| Running time | 113 min. Julia Phillips ( April 7 1944 – January 1 2002) was an Academy Award -winning Film producer and Author. Michael Phillips (born June 29 1943 is an Academy Award -winning producer Paul Joseph Schrader (born July 22, 1946 in Grand Rapids Michigan) is an American Screenwriter and Film director Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor Cybill Lynne Shepherd (born 18 February, 1950) is a American Actress, Singer and former fashion model. Peter Lawrence "Pete" Boyle ( October 18, 1935 &ndash December 12, 2006) was an American Actor. Albert Brooks (born July 22 1947 is an Academy Award -nominated American Actor, Writer, Comedian and director. Leonard Harris is most famous for his role as Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese classic Taxi Driver. Bernard Herrmann ( June 29, 1911 &ndash December 24, 1975) was an American composer noted for his work in Motion pictures. Michael Chapman (born November 21, 1935) is an acclaimed American cinematographer whose prominence owes most to his innovative work of the 1970s and 1980s }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| Country | U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States 3 Million (estimated)[1] |
| Allmovie profile | |
| IMDb profile | |
Taxi Driver is a 1976 film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader. The year 1976 in film involved some significant events Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas ' Paul Joseph Schrader (born July 22, 1946 in Grand Rapids Michigan) is an American Screenwriter and Film director The movie is set in early post-Vietnam Era New York City and stars Robert De Niro as Travis Bickle, a lonely, isolated taxi driver, Cybill Shepherd as the woman he attempts to pursue romantically, Jodie Foster as the 12-year-old prostitute he saves from the underworld, and Harvey Keitel as Sport, a pimp. Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Cybill Lynne Shepherd (born 18 February, 1950) is a American Actress, Singer and former fashion model. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor A pimp (also called fleshmonger) finds and manages clients for Prostitutes and engages them in Prostitution (in Brothels in most cases and The story was inspired by the 1972 assassination attempt on George Wallace by Arthur Bremer, on whom the protagonist Bickle is based. George Corley Wallace Jr (August 25 1919 September 13 1998 was a Democratic Governor of Alabama for four terms (1963-1967 1971-1979 and 1983-1987 and ran for Arthur Herman Bremer (born August 21 1950) gained notoriety after he shot U The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story.
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Travis Bickle (De Niro), who claims to be an honorably discharged Marine and Vietnam War veteran, is a lonely and depressed young man of 26. A military discharge is given when a member of the Armed forces is released from his or her obligation to serve The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia He settles in Manhattan where he becomes a nighttime taxi driver due to chronic insomnia. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity [2] Bickle spends his restless days in seedy porn theaters and works 12 or 14-hour shifts during the evening and nighttime hours carrying passengers between all five boroughs of New York City. The City of New York
Bickle becomes interested in Betsy (Cybill Shepherd), a campaign volunteer for New York Senator Charles Palantine, who is running for the presidential nomination and is promising dramatic social change. Cybill Lynne Shepherd (born 18 February, 1950) is a American Actress, Singer and former fashion model. The New York State Senate is one of two houses in the New York State Legislature and has members each elected to two-year terms She is initially intrigued by Bickle and agrees to a date with him after he flirts with her over coffee and sympathizes with her own apparent loneliness. On the date, however, Bickle is clueless about how to treat a woman and thinks it would be a good idea to take her to a Swedish sex education film (Language of Love). "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Sex education is a broad term used to describe Education about human sexual anatomy, Sexual reproduction, Sexual intercourse, Reproductive Language of Love (Kärlekens språk is a 1969 Swedish Film directed by Torgny Wickman. Offended, she leaves him and takes a taxi home alone. The next day he tries to reconcile with Betsy, phoning her and sending her flowers, but all of his attempts are in vain. [2]
Rejected and depressed, Bickle's thoughts begin to turn violent. Disgusted by the petty street crime (especially prostitution) that he witnesses while driving through the city, he now finds a focus for his frustration and begins a program of intense physical training as if preparing for a contest - or a war. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. He buys a number of pistols from an illegal dealer and practices a menacing speech in the mirror, while pulling out a pistol that he attached to a home-made sliding action holster on his left arm ("You talkin' to me?"). "You talkin' to me?" is a popular quote said by Travis Bickle a character played by Robert De Niro in the 1976 movie Taxi Driver. He develops an ominously intense interest in Senator Palantine's public appearances and it seems that he somehow blames the presidential hopeful for his own failure at wooing Betsy and maybe hopes to include her boss in his growing list of targets.
Bickle is revolted by what he considers the moral decay around him. One night while on shift, Iris (Jodie Foster), a 12 year-old child prostitute, gets in his cab, attempting to escape her pimp. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American Prostitution of children refers to the use of children as Prostitutes The definition of a "child prostitute" can vary depending on who is using the term A pimp (also called fleshmonger) finds and manages clients for Prostitutes and engages them in Prostitution (in Brothels in most cases and [2] Shocked by the occurrence Bickle fails to drive off and the pimp, "Sport" (Harvey Keitel), reaches the cab. Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor Sport gives Bickle a crumpled twenty dollar bill, which haunts Travis with the memory of his failure to help. Later seeing Iris on the street he pays for her time, although he does not have sex with her and instead tries to convince her to leave this way of life behind. The next day, they meet for breakfast and Bickle becomes obsessed with saving this naive child-woman who thinks hanging out with hookers, pimps and drug dealers is more "hip" than dating young boys and going to school. Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep
Any lingering doubt in the viewer's mind about Bickle's insanity is obliterated when he is suddenly and shockingly shown to be sporting a crude Mohawk haircut at a public rally in which he actually attempts to assassinate Senator Palantine. The Mohawk (or mohican in British English) is a Hairstyle which consists of shaving both sides of the head leaving a strip of noticeably longer hair AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. He is spotted by Secret Service men and flees. [2] Bickle returns to his apartment, then drives to Alphabet City where he shoots Sport, before storming into the brothel and killing the bouncer, wounded Sport (who has followed Bickle), and Iris's mafioso customer. Alphabet City is a neighborhood located within the East Village in the New York City borough of Manhattan. For the 2008 film of this name see The Brothel. For the television series of this name see Cathouse The Series. He then calmly tries repeatedly to fire a bullet into his own brain but all the weapons are empty so he resigns himself to resting on a convenient sofa until police arrive on the scene of mayhem and carnage. Bickle survives this "heroic" mission in spite of himself and there is much more black irony to follow.
A brief epilogue shows Bickle recuperating from the incident. This article is about the literary epilogue See Epilogue (disambiguation for other uses of "Epilogue" or "Epilog" He has received a handwritten letter from Iris's parents who thank him for saving their daughter, and the media hails him as a hero for saving her as well. [2] Bickle blithely returns to his job, where one night one of his fares happens to be Betsy. She comments about his saving of Iris and Bickle's own media fame, yet Bickle denies being any sort of hero. He drops her off without charging her as a nod to her attempt to rekindle their all-too-brief relationship. Travis in this scene looks once in to the rear-view mirror and looks away and in the very last shot of the film after dropping off Betsy looks again at the mirror only to turn the mirror sideways in a sudden movement as the credits roll over scenes of city life. [2]
In the original draft of the screenplay, writer Paul Schrader had written the role of Sport as a black man. There were also additions of other negative black roles. Scorsese believed that this would give the film an overly racist subtext so they were changed to white roles,[3] although the film implies that Travis himself is a racist. Schrader's original screenplay also set the action in Los Angeles; it was moved to New York City because taxis were much more prevalent there than L. A. during the 1970's.
Travis Bickle's first name was a homage to the Mick Travis character played by Malcolm McDowell in if.... (1968) and O Lucky Man! (1973), the latter of which was one of Scorsese's favorite films at the time. The Mick Travis films are three films directed by British Film director Lindsay Anderson and written by David Sherwin, featuring English Malcolm McDowell (born Malcolm John Taylor; 13 June 1943 is an English Actor. if is an award-winning 1968 Feature film by British director Lindsay Anderson satirising English public school Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. O Lucky Man! ( 1973) is a surreal British Film, intended as an allegory on life in a capitalist society Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.
When Bickle determines to assassinate Senator Palantine, he cuts his hair into a mohawk. The Mohawk (or mohican in British English) is a Hairstyle which consists of shaving both sides of the head leaving a strip of noticeably longer hair This detail was suggested by actor Victor Magnotta, a friend of Scorsese's who had a small role as a Secret Service agent and who had served in Vietnam. Scorsese later noted, "Magnotta had talked about certain types of soldiers going into the jungle. Jungle usually refers to a dense Forest in a hot climate such as a Tropical rainforest. They cut their hair in a certain way; looked like a mohawk. . . and you knew that was a special situation, a commando kind of situation, and people gave them wide berths . In Military science, the term commando can refer to an individual a Military unit, or a raiding style of military operation. . . we thought it was a good idea. "[3]
Film critic Stephen Hunter's review of the film suggests that one universal assumption in the film, that Travis Bickle is a veteran of the Vietnam War, may not be accurate. Hunter points out how the Bickle character's military clothing and reaction to being around firearms seem incongruous for a combat veteran. Hunter's alternate theory is that Bickle may have been a loner who took up the veteran persona as part of his legion of personal/psychological problems.
While preparing for his role as Travis Bickle, Robert De Niro was filming Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900. Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian Writer and Academy Award winning Film director. Not to be confused with the 1998 film Legend of 1900 1900 (original Italian title Novecento) is According to Peter Boyle, he would "finish shooting on a Friday in Rome. Peter Lawrence "Pete" Boyle ( October 18, 1935 &ndash December 12, 2006) was an American Actor. . . get on a plane from Italy, fly to New York", whereupon he got himself a cab driver's license. He would then go to a garage, pick up a real cab and drive around New York, returning it before he had to depart for Rome again. [3] Robert De Niro also acknowledged that while working on Travis' accent, on his days off from shooting 1900, he would go to an army base in Northern Italy and tape-record the accents of some of the locals there as he felt they would be good for Travis' character. Not to be confused with the 1998 film Legend of 1900 1900 (original Italian title Novecento) is [3]
The actress who played Iris's friend in the film was a working prostitute studied by Jodie Foster to help create her role. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American [3]
The climactic shoot-out was, for its era, intensely graphic. Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Cybill Lynne Shepherd (born 18 February, 1950) is a American Actress, Singer and former fashion model. Peter Lawrence "Pete" Boyle ( October 18, 1935 &ndash December 12, 2006) was an American Actor. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American Harvey Keitel (born 13 May 1939 is an Academy Award -nominated American actor Leonard Harris is most famous for his role as Senator Charles Palantine in the Martin Scorsese classic Taxi Driver. Albert Brooks (born July 22 1947 is an Academy Award -nominated American Actor, Writer, Comedian and director. [4] To attain an "R" rating, Scorsese desaturated the colors, making the brightly-colored blood less prominent. The Motion Picture Association of America's film-rating system is used in the U [5] In later interviews, Scorsese commented that he was actually pleased by the color change and he considered it an improvement over the originally filmed scene, which has been lost. However, in the special edition DVD, Michael Chapman, the film's cinematographer, regrets the decision and the fact that no print with the unmuted colors exists anymore. One irony of the MPAA's insistence on changes of the shootout sequence--which originally received the X rating for violence--was that they made the scene even more shocking than Scorsese had originally intended.
Some critics expressed concern over young Jodie Foster's presence during the climactic shoot-out. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American However, Foster stated that she was present during the setup and staging of the special effects used during the scene; the entire process was explained and demonstrated for her, step by step. The illusions used in the Film, Television, Theater, or Entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called Rather than being upset or traumatized, Foster said, she was fascinated and entertained by the behind-the-scenes preparation that went into the scene. [3] In addition, before being given the part, Foster was subjected to psychological testing to ensure that she would not be emotionally scarred by her role, in accordance with California Labor Board requirements. [6]
Roger Ebert has written of the film's ending,
"There has been much discussion about the ending, in which we see newspaper clippings about Travis's 'heroism' of saving Iris, and then Betsy gets into his cab and seems to give him admiration instead of her earlier disgust. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Is this a fantasy scene? Did Travis survive the shoot-out? Are we experiencing his dying thoughts? Can the sequence be accepted as literally true? . See Fantasy for an account of the literary genre involving the development of common or popular fantasies . . I am not sure there can be an answer to these questions. The end sequence plays like music, not drama: It completes the story on an emotional, not a literal, level. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. We end not on carnage but on redemption, which is the goal of so many of Scorsese's characters. "[7]
James Berardinelli, in his review of the film, argues against the dream or fantasy interpretation, stating "Scorsese and writer Paul Schrader append the perfect conclusion to Taxi Driver. James Berardinelli (born September 1967 is an Online Film critic. Steeped in irony, the five-minute epilogue underscores the vagaries of fate. The media builds Bickle into a hero, when, had he been a little quicker drawing his gun against Senator Palantine, he would have been revealed as an assassin. As the film closes, the misanthrope has been embraced as the model citizen -- someone who takes on pimps, drug dealers, and mobsters to save one little girl. Misanthropy is a general dislike distrust or hatred of the Human species or a disposition to dislike and/or distrust other people "[8]
On the Laserdisc audio commentary, Scorsese acknowledged several critics' interpretation on the film's ending being Bickle's dying dream. The Laserdisc (LD is an obsolete Home video disc format and was the first commercial Optical disc storage medium On disc based video formats an audio commentary is an additional audio track consisting of a lecture or comments by one or more speakers that plays in real time with video However, he admitted that the last scene of Bickle glancing at an unseen object implies that he might fall into rage and recklessness in the future, and he is like "a ticking time bomb. " [9] Writer Paul Schrader confirms this in his commentary on the 30th anniversary DVD, stating that Travis "is not cured by the movie's end," and that "he's not going to be a hero next time. "[10]
Taxi Driver was a financial success and was nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture (but lost to Rocky) and received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Rocky is a 1976 Film written by and starring Sylvester Stallone and directed by John G The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, [11] In later years, the film was ranked #52 on the American Film Institute's list of "100 Years, 100 Movies",[12] and #22 on its "100 Years, 100 Thrills". The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 [13] Bickle was also named as #30 on their villains list. [14] It has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of [15] Roger Ebert added Taxi Driver to his list of "Great Movies,"[16] alongside other Scorsese films also on the list such as Raging Bull, GoodFellas, Mean Streets and The Age of Innocence. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. Raging Bull is a 1980 Biographical film directed by Martin Scorsese, adapted by Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin from the memoir Goodfellas (also spelled GoodFellas) is an Academy Award winning 1990 Crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese Mean Streets ( 1973) is an early Martin Scorsese film starring Robert De Niro and Harvey Keitel. The Age of Innocence is a film directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer and Winona Ryder, The film earned $28,262,574 in the United States. [17]
The film was chosen by Time Magazine as one of the 100 best films of all time. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and [18]
Wins
Nominations
In an interview on Inside the Actor's Studio in 1999, Robert De Niro stated that he and Martin Scorsese had discussed the possibility of making a sequel to this film. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. New York Film Critics Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City -based publications Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation Bernard Herrmann ( June 29, 1911 &ndash December 24, 1975) was an American composer noted for his work in Motion pictures. The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to artists working Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to recognize Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American The Academy Award for Original Music Score is presented to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically Bernard Herrmann ( June 29, 1911 &ndash December 24, 1975) was an American composer noted for his work in Motion pictures. This page lists the winners and nominees for the BAFTA Award for Best Film, BAFTA Award for Best Film not in the English Language and Alexander Korda Award for Best British The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The Directors Guild of America Awards are issued annually by the Directors Guild of America. The Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture - Drama was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association as a separate category in 1951 The Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture Television or Other Visual Media has been awarded since 1960 The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation Marcia Lucas (née Griffin (b 1945 is an American Film editor. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner Paul Joseph Schrader (born July 22, 1946 in Grand Rapids Michigan) is an American Screenwriter and Film director The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions The Writers Guild of America East (WGAE representing Inside the Actors Studio is the Emmy-nominated longest-running original series on the Bravo Cable television channel hosted by James Lipton According to De Niro, the two agreed that it would be interesting to see where Travis Bickle ended up 30 years later. But during Scorsese's interview on the show in 2002, the director stated that he would never make a sequel to any of his films.
In May 2005 Majesco announced that it was going to publish a video game sequel to Taxi Driver, developed by Papaya Studio. Majesco Entertainment is a Japanese / American Video game publisher founded in 1986. A sequel is a work in Literature, Film, or other media that portrays events following those of a previous work __NOEDITSECTION__ Many in the industry recognize Papaya Studio as one of the most innovative and talented development companies to emerge in recent times [19] In January 2006 the game was canceled due to financial problems. [20]
Taxi Driver was reportedly part of a delusional fantasy on the part of John Hinckley, Jr.[21][22] which triggered his attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan in 1981, an act for which he was found not guilty by reason of insanity. John Warnock Hinckley Jr (born May 29 1955) is a United States citizen who attempted to assassinate U The Reagan assassination attempt occurred on March 30 1981 just 69 days into the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 In Criminal trials the insanity defenses are possible defenses by Excuse, an Affirmative defense by which Defendants argue that [23][24] His stated reason was that the act was an attempt to impress Jodie Foster by mimicking Travis' mohawked appearance at the Palantine rally. Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19 1962 is a two-time Academy Award, BAFTA, and Golden Globe -award winning American The movie was so influential that his attorney concluded his defense by playing the movie.
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Chronicle of the Years of Fire |
Palme d'Or 1976 |
Succeeded by Padre Padrone |