| Tausug |
|---|
| Total population |
Unknown |
| Regions with significant populations |
 Philippines(Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Manila, Cebu)  Malaysia(Sabah, Kuala Lumpur) |
| Languages |
| Tausug, Chabacano, Cebuano, Filipino, English, Malay |
| Religions |
| Predominantly Islam |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Lumad, Visayan, other Moros, other Filipino peoples, other Austronesian peoples |
This article is about the people name Tausug. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Basilan (Officially Province of Basilan; Fil - Lalawigan ng Basilan Span Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. For the Star Trek character see Hikaru Sulu. For the sultanate see Sultanate of Sulu. Tawi-Tawi is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang FROM OLD INFOBOX map_file = Ph_locator_cebu_metro_cebupng | 100px | cities = 7 | municipalities = 6 | barangays = 349 | districts For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K Tausūg (Tausūg Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a Visayan language spoken in Sulu province in the Philippines Chavacano (as a proper noun and a derivative of the Spanish adjective " chabacano " and as it is generally accepted in literature the broadcast media "Cebuano" redirects here For the inhabitants of Cebu see Cebuano people Cebuano (Cebuano Sinugbuanon, "language Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the This article is concerned with the religion of Islam in the Philippines The Lumad is a term being used to denote a group of indigenous peoples of the southern Philippines. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke For their language, see Tausug language. Tausūg (Tausūg Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a Visayan language spoken in Sulu province in the Philippines
- Suluk redirects here. For the Islamic or Sufi term, see Sulook. Sulook in relation to Islam and Sufism The term Suluk (pronounced Sulook) when related to Islam and Sufism
The Tausūg or Suluk people are an ethnic group of the Philippines and Malaysia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The term Tausūg was derived from two words tau and sūg (or suluk) meaning "people of the current", referring to their homelands in the Sulu Archipelago. Sulu Archipelago is an island chain in the southwest Philippines. Sūg and suluk both mean the same thing, with the former being the phonetic evolution in the Philippines of the latter (the L being dropped and thus the two short U's merging into one long U). The Tausūg people in Sabah refer to themselves as Tausūg but refers to their race as Suluk as documented in official documents such as birth certificates in Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Tausūg are part of the wider Moro ethnic group, who constitute the sixth largest Filipino ethnic group. The Moro are a Multilingual ethnic group and the largest mainly non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5 The various ethnic groups in the Philippines identify themselves based on one or several factors most popularly by parental lineage and Language. They originally had an independent state known as the Sulu Sultanate, which once exercised sovereignty over the present day provinces of Basilan, Palawan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and the eastern part of the Malaysian state of Sabah (formerly North Borneo). Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising For the province see Sulu. The Sultanate of Sulu was a Muslim State that ruled over many of the islands of the Basilan (Officially Province of Basilan; Fil - Lalawigan ng Basilan Span Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. For the Star Trek character see Hikaru Sulu. For the sultanate see Sultanate of Sulu. Tawi-Tawi is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM Malaysia is a Federation which consists of thirteen '''states''' ( Negeri) and three '''federal territories''' ( Wilayah Persekutuan Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. North Borneo was an independent state and British Protectorate under the sovereign British North Borneo Company from 1882-1946 and subsequently a Extensive research should be undertaken on this one, Tau Sug, Tao means the people, Sug or Suq' is the Arabic term for marketplace. Since Sulu has been the Trading Center of that Era. The Arab Merchants, just like how they name Manila, must consider this meaning.
Contents |
Area
The Tausūgs presently populate the province of Sulu as a majority, and the provinces of Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan, Tawi-Tawi, Cebu and Manila as minorities. For the Star Trek character see Hikaru Sulu. For the sultanate see Sultanate of Sulu. Zamboanga del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Basilan (Officially Province of Basilan; Fil - Lalawigan ng Basilan Span Tawi-Tawi is an island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM FROM OLD INFOBOX map_file = Ph_locator_cebu_metro_cebupng | 100px | cities = 7 | municipalities = 6 | barangays = 349 | districts Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang There is a large population of Tausūgs in all parts of Sabah, Malaysia, who mainly work as construction laborers with a substantial number as skilled workers. Sabah is a Malaysian state located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. The Tausūg workers tend to be confused with the more numerous Bajau workers in Sabah that are less skilled.
In Sabah, there are groups of Tausūgs that had settled in the areas to the east of Sabah, from Kudat town to the north, to Sempurna, to the south east, since the Sulu Sultanate rule over the eastern part of Sabah. However most had interbred with other races in Sabah, especially the Bajaus, that what remained is only their Suluk race as documented in birth certificates.
Demographics
The Tausūgs currently number about 953,000 in the Philippines. They are related to the Visayan since the Tausug language is a Visayan language. The Visayans ( Visayan, Filipino: Bisaya) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. Tausūg (Tausūg Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a Visayan language spoken in Sulu province in the Philippines The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine language family The Tausūg however do not consider themselves as Visayan, using the term only to refer to Christian Bisaya-language speakers, given that the vast majority of Tausūgs are Muslims. In Malaysia, they number at around 300,000. The recent migrants also speak Chavacano and/or another Visayan language - Cebuano - , and Tagalog in the Philippines; Malay in Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia; and English in both Malaysia and Philippines as second languages. Chavacano (as a proper noun and a derivative of the Spanish adjective " chabacano " and as it is generally accepted in literature the broadcast media The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine language family "Cebuano" redirects here For the inhabitants of Cebu see Cebuano people Cebuano (Cebuano Sinugbuanon, "language Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States
Malaysian Tausūgs, those that reside since the day Sulu Sultanate was sovereign over the eastern part of Sabah, speak or understand Suluk with Sabahan dialect, Malay and some English and/or Simunul, and those who are in contact with Filipino Bajaus, those Bajau dialects. By year 2000, the Tausūg children in Sabah, most no longer speak Suluk especially in city of the west side of Sabah, instead speak Malay with Sabahan dialect and English. Tausūg (Tausūg Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a Visayan language spoken in Sulu province in the Philippines
Culture
Tausūgs are experienced sailors and are known for their colorful boats or vintas. The vinta ( locally known as lepa-lepa or sakayan) is a traditional boat found in the Philippine island of Mindanao. They are also superb warriors and craftsmen. They are also famous for their Daling-daling dance in Sabah, that is a mixture of Arabian Belly Dancing and Indian Classical Dancing that is best performed as a musical complete with Story-telling in Suluk.
Traditional Governance
Prior to modern times, the Sultanate of Sulu for Tausūg was the head of the Tausūg people. For the province see Sulu. The Sultanate of Sulu was a Muslim State that ruled over many of the islands of the The system is a patrilineal system, consisting of the title of Sultan as the sole sovereign of the Sultinate, (In Tausūg language: Lupah Sug, literally: "Land of the Current"), followed by various Maharajah and Rajah titled subdivisional princes. Patrilineality (aka agnatic kinship) is a system in which one belongs to one's father's lineage it generally involves the Inheritance of property names or titles The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for "great king" or " High king " (a Karmadharaya from mahānt For other uses see Raja (disambiguation and Rajah (disambiguation. Further down the line are the numerous Panglima or local chiefs, similar in function to the Philippine political post of Baranggay Kapitan in the Baranggay system. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP This article refers to a political administrative division See Barangay Ginebra Kings for other uses
In Sabah, the Sulu Sultan must have appointed and sent as his reprentatives to Sabah with the Datuk titles, to govern over the local population as well as accompanying Bajau tribes that are given the Panglima titles. Many of the Datuks are close relatives of the Sultan of Sulu that many are just as eligible to succeed as the Sultan of Sulu as many of the contenders in the Philippines. Their wives got the title Dayang. Of significance are the Sarip(Shariff) and their wives, Sharifah, who are descendents of Arabic royalty, well revered as religious leaders but many took up administrative posts as leaders of Society alongside the Datuks.
Conflict and Debate on existence of Sulu Sultanate
This is a high point of contention in the foreign policy of the countries now in possession of the Tausug Sulu Sultanate: namely those of the Philippines and Malaysia, as both these governments do not officially recognise the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Sulu. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Malaysian reasons state that the Sultinate was under the leadership of that of the Bruneian and Malay royal dynasties, and hence could not be classified as fully sovereign, while the Philippine governmental reasons state that the signing of the Bates Treaty between US occupiers and the Sultan on August 20, 1899, had deemed the Sultanate to lawfully convert sovereignty to that of Philippine governmental rule. Sultan Bolkiah was the fifth Sultan of Brunei He ascended the throne of Brunei upon the abdication of his father Sultan Sulaiman The Sultanate of Malacca was founded by Parameswara in 1402 and later married the princess of Pasai in 1409. Both reasons are highly disputed by the Tausug, who state that, in response to the Malaysian debate, the Sultanate had there is evidence in historic sources that the Sulu Sultanate coexisted with that of the Bruneian and Malay one, due to intermarriage and trade, as well as the view among the Tausug that the division of the Sultanate between US (who occupied the Philippines) and British (who occupied Malaya) occupiers was fully coerced, and hence must by International Law be deemed to be fully sovereign, and in response to the Philippine debate, that the Sultan was coerced by General J. British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century C. Bates to sign the treaty in the hope that the Sultanate would remain sovereign and exist alongside the Philippines, only to be put under US control, and hence entering the Philippines without the consent of either the Sultan or the Tausug people.
History
Sultanate Era
The history of Sulu begins with Makdum, a Muslim missionary, who arrived in Sulu in 1380. For the province see Sulu. The Sultanate of Sulu was a Muslim State that ruled over many of the islands of the He introduced the Islamic faith and settled in Tubig Indangan, Simunul until his death. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Mosque's pillars at Tubig-Indangan which he built still stand.
In 1390, Raja Baguinda landed at Buansa and extended the missionary work of Makdum. The Arabian scholar Abu Bakr arrived in 1450, married Baguinda's daughter, and after Baguinda's death, became Sultan, thereby introducing the sultanate as a political system. Political districts were created in Parang, Pansul, Lati, Gitung, and Luuk, each headed by a panglima or district leader.
After Abu Bakr's death, the sultanate system had already become well established in Sulu. Before the coming of the Spaniards, the ethnic groups in Sulu--the Tausug, Samal, Yakan, and Bajau--were in varying degrees united under the Sulu sultanate, considered the most centralized -political system in the Philippines. The Yakan are one of the 13 Moro groups in the Philippines. They mainly reside in Basilan. The Bajau, (also written as Badjao, Badjaw or Badjau) are an indigenous Ethnic group of Malaysia and the southern Called the "Moro Wars," these battles were waged intermittently from 1578 till 1898 between the Spanish colonial government and the Muslims of Mindanao.
In 1578, an expedition sent by Gov Francisco de Sande and headed by Capt Rodriguez de Figueroa began the 300-year warfare between the Tausūg and the Spanish authorities. Francisco de Sande was the third governor of the Philippines from August 25, 1575 - April 1580. In 1579, the Spanish government gave de Figueroa the sole right to colonize Mindanao. In retaliation, the Muslims raided Visayan towns in Panay, Negros, and Cebu. These were repulsed by Spanish and Visayan forces. In the early 17th century, the largest alliance composed of the Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausūg, other Muslim groups was formed by Sultan Kudarat or Cachil Corralat of Maguindanao, whose domain extended from the Davao Gulf to Dapitan on the Zamboanga peninsula. Several expeditions sent by the Spanish authorities suffered defeat. In 1635, Capt Juan de Chaves occupied Zamboanga and erected a fort. In 1637, Gov Gen Hurtado de Corcuera personally led an expedition against Kudarat, and triumphed over his forces at Lamitan and Ilian. On 1 January 1638, de Corcuera with 80 vessels and 2000 soldiers, defeated the Tausūg and occupied Jolo. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC A peace treaty was forged. The victory did not establish Spanish sovereignty over Sulu, as the Tausūg abrogated the treaty as soon Spaniards left in 1646.
In 1737, Sultan Alimud Din I entered into a "permanent" peace treaty with Gov Gen F. Valdes y Tamon; and in 1746, befriended the Jesuits sent to Jolo by King Philip. The "permission" of Sultan Azimuddin-I (*the first heir-apparent) allowed the Christians Jesuit enter Jolo was against by his young brother's Raja Muda Maharajah Adinda Datu Bantilan (*the second heir-apparent). Datu Bantilan did not want the Christian Jesuits disturbed or dishonored the Muslims faith in the Sulu Sultanate kingdom. The fought of these two brother, made Sultan Azimuddin-I leave Jolo to Zamboanga, then to Manila in 1948. Then Raja Muda Maharajah Adinda Datu Bantilan was proclaimed as sultan, taken the name as Sultan Bantilan Muizzuddin.
Sultan Bantilan Muizzuddin was a "Saviour" to the Sulu Sultanate kingdom. If he did not fought his brother Sultan Azimuddin-I (*Sultan Azimuddin-I was allowed the Christian Jesuits to entor Jolo and allowed them to spread the "Christians Doctrine" among the Muslims in Sulu), maybe since that time (1748), the Sulu Sultanate kingdom was already became "Christians Country" as what happened to Manila. Nowadays, the generation of Sultan Bantilan Muizzuddin (*the Maharajah Adinda Families) will try again to save the Sulu Sultanate for the second times. Which the Sulu Sultanate seems was demolished under the first heir-apparents management.
In 1893, amid succession controversies, Amirnul Kiram became Sultan Jamalul Kiram II, the title being officially recognized by the Spanish authorities. In 1899, after the defeat of Spain in the Spanish-American War, Col Luis Huerta, the last governor of Sulu, relinquished his garrison to the Americans (Orosa 1970:25-30).
Fall of the Sultanate
During the Philippine-American War, the Americans adopted a policy of noninterference in the Muslim areas, as spelled out in the Bates Agreement of 1899 signed by Brig Gen John C. Bates and Sultan Jamalul Kiram II of Jolo. The term Moro Rebellion refers to United States military operations in Moroland, Philippines, from the declared end of the Spanish-American John Coalter Bates ( August 26, 1842 - February 4, 1919) was as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from January to April 1906 Although the Bates Agreement had "pacified," to a certain extent, the Sulu sultanate, resistance continued. In 1901, panglima (district chief) Hassan and his followers fought the Americans, believing that acceptance of American sovereignty would affect his own authority (Che Man l990:46-47).
After the Philippine-American War, the Americans established direct rule over the newly formed "Moro province," which consisted of five districts-Zamboanga, Lanao, Cotabato, Davao, and Sulu. Political, social, and economic changes were introduced. These included the creation of provincial and district institutions; the introduction of the public school system and American-inspired judicial system the imposition of the cedula or head tax; the migration of Christians to Muslim lands encouraged by the colonial government; and the abolition of slavery. These and other factors contributed to Muslim resistance that took 10 years "to pacify”. The Department of Mindanao and Sulu replaced the Moro province on 15 December 1913. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
With the ratification of the Carpenter Agreement in 1915 and the death of Sultan Jamalul-Kiram-II in 1936 without heir, the Sultanate of Sulu has been abolished. Furthermore, the non-recognition to "any" successor of the sultanate was implemented by President Manuel L. Quezon in Memorandum 20 September, 1937.
The British administrator in Sabah did not formally adopt a policy of non-recognition of the rights of the Sultan of Sulu and his descendents in Sabah. Attempts by some Datuks in Sabah to take up their succession case with the Sultan of Brunei had failed. To this day the Malaysian government secretly pays the lease to the heirs of the Sultan as decided by a U. S. judge but claimants from Sabah had never been considered.
Some historians claim that the title should have shifted to the second heir apparent.
- The Carpenter Agreement in 1915 only reduces the authority of the Sultan, but does not abolish the Sultanate.
- Following the Sulu Sultanate protocol system or "Tartib", upon the death of a Sultan with no heir to the throne, the title should shift to the second heir-apparent since that time.
- The non-recognition to any "Successors" of Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II by President Manuel L. Quezon in "Memorandum 20 September, 1937", refers only to "The primary heir" of the Sulu Sultanate and does not mean abolishment of the Sulu Sultanate.
It is claimed that the Maharajah Adinda families are the rightful "heirs and successors" to the Sulu Sultanate kingdom as documented on "The 1878 North-Borneo Padjak Agreement".
That agreement never refer to the whole of Sabah, only to the eastern part of Sabah. This is reinforced by the fact that the Tausūgs only settle in the regions from Kudat to Semporna. The claims of the Philippines government over Sabah appears to ignore the descendents of the Sulu Sultan in Sabah who were administrating the region on behalf of the true Sultan and the democratic rights of the current inhabitants. What is worse, the claim is over areas that are clearly not part of the mortgage(pajak/Sanda) agreement.
Modern Era
A "policy of attraction" was introduced, ushering in reforms to encourage Muslim integration into Philippine society. Background The struggle is rooted to the conflicts caused by Spanish colonization, beginning in 1521 as well as the Moro Rebellion phase during the "Proxy colonialism" was legalized by the Public Land Act of 1919, invalidating Tausūg pusaka (inherited property) laws based on the Islamic Shariah. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The act also granted the state the right to confer land ownership. It was thought that the Muslims would "learn" from the "more advanced" Christianized Filipinos, and would integrate more easily into mainstream Philippine society.
In February 1920, the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives passed Act No 2878, which abolished the Department of Mindanao and Sulu and transferred its responsibilities to the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes under the Department of the Interior. Muslim dissatisfaction grew as power shifted to the Christianized Filipinos. Petitions were sent by Muslim leaders between 1921 and 1924 requesting that Mindanao and Sulu be administered directly by the United States. These petitions were not granted. Realizing the futility of armed resistance, some Muslims sought to make the best of the situation. In 1934, Arolas Tulawi of Sulu, Datu Manandang Piang and Datu Blah Sinsuat of Cotabato, and Sultan Alaoya Alonto of Lanao were elected to the 1935 Constitutional Convention. In 1935, two Muslims were elected to the National Assembly.
The Commonwealth years sought to end the privileges the Muslims had been enjoying under the earlier American administration. Muslim exemptions from some national laws, as expressed in the administrative code for Mindanao, and the Muslim right to use their traditional Islamic courts, as expressed in the Moro Board, were ended. It was unlikely that the Muslims, who have had a longer cultural history as Muslims than the Filipinos as Christians, would surrender their identity. Fearing government persecution, he went to the hills. On "death row," he was finally pardoned by Pres Marcos on 11 September 1968. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This incident contributed to the rise of various separatist movements-the Muslim Independence Movement (MIM), Ansar El-Islam, and Union of Islamic Forces and Organizations (Che Man 1990:74-75). In 1969, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) was founded on the concept of a Bangsa Moro Republic by a group of educated young Muslims. In 1976, negotiations between the Philippine government and the MNLF in Tripoli resulted in the Tripoli Agreement, which provided for an autonomous region in Mindanao. Nur Misuari was invited to chair the provisional government but he refused. Nur Misuari is a revolutionary leader of the Bangsamoro people The referendum was boycotted by the Muslims themselves. The talks collapsed, and fighting continued. On 1 August 1989, Republic Act 673 or the Organic Act for Mindanao created the Autonomous Region of Mindanao, which encompasses Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Many leaders of the Abu Sayyaf, a terrorist group operating in Mindanao, are of Tausūg descent. "Sword of God" redirects here For the 7th century Arab Muslim military commander known as the "Sword of God" see Khalid ibn al-Walid. Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost Island in the Philippines. [1]
References
Institute of Bangsamoro Studies 2005
Dictionary
Tausug
-proper noun
- A Visayan language (Malayo-Polynesian) spoken mainly in Sulu province in the Philippines.
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