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Tatra Präsident on the Kopřivnice coat of arms.
Tatra Präsident on the Kopřivnice coat of arms.
TATRA, a. s.
Type Private
Founded 1850
Headquarters Flag of the Czech Republic Kopřivnice, Czech Republic
Key people Ignác Šustala (founder)
Ronald Adams (CEO)
von Roslerstam (designer)
Hans Ledwinka (designer)
Industry Automotive
Products Automobiles, wagons, carriages, trucks
Revenue ▲ CZK6. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Kopřivnice (ˈkopr̝̊ɪvɲɪtsɛ Nesselsdorf is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Hans Ledwinka born in Klosterneuburg ( Lower Austria) 14 February 1878, died in Munich ( Germany } 2 March For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need A wagon (in British English, sometimes waggon) or dray is a heavy four-wheeled Vehicle. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people usually horse-drawn This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 06 billion (2006)
Employees 3,500 (2006)
Website www.tatra.cz

Tatra is a vehicle manufacturer in Kopřivnice, Czech Republic. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Kopřivnice (ˈkopr̝̊ɪvɲɪtsɛ Nesselsdorf is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The company was founded in 1850 as Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft, a wagon and carriage manufacturer, and in 1897 produced its first motor car in central Europe, the Präsident. In 1919 it changed its name to Tatra after the Tatra mountains. Panorama tatierjpg|thumb|right|300px|Panorama of Tatras]]The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra ( Tatry in both Polish and Slovak) Tatra is the third oldest car maker in the world after Daimler Mercedes-Benz and Peugeot. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and For the article about the bicycle manufacturer see Cycles Peugeot. Production of Tatra cars ceased in 1999 but the company still produces a range of primarily all-wheel-drive 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x10, and 12x12 trucks. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to Six-wheel drive, 6WD, and 6x6 are terms used to describe a Drivetrain which allows all six wheels to receive power from the vehicle's engine simultaneously Eight-wheel drive, 8WD, or 8x8 ("eight by eight" is an eight-wheeled vehicle with a Drivetrain that allows all eight wheels to receive power

Contents

Early years

Ignác Šustala, founder of the company
Ignác Šustala, founder of the company

Ignác Šustala (1822 - 1891), founder of the company in Kopřivnice (German: Nesselsdorf), Moravia, started the production of horse-drawn vehicles in 1850. Kopřivnice (ˈkopr̝̊ɪvɲɪtsɛ Nesselsdorf is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Horse -drawn vehicles were once common worldwide but they have mostly been replaced by Automobiles and other forms of self-propelled transport In 1891 he branched out into railroad cars manufacture, naming the company Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau-Fabriksgesellschaft, and employed Hugo Fischer von Roslerstam as technical director in 1890. A railroad car or railway carriage is a Vehicle on a rail transport system (railroad or railway that is used for the carrying of Cargo or After the death of Šustala, von Roslerstam took over running the company and in 1897 he bought a Benz automobile. Using this for inspiration the company made its first car, the Präsident, which was exhibited in 1897 in Vienna. Orders were obtained for more cars and under the direction of a new young engineer Hans Ledwinka (1878-1967) ten improved cars were made. Hans Ledwinka born in Klosterneuburg ( Lower Austria) 14 February 1878, died in Munich ( Germany } 2 March

Präsident (1897)
Präsident (1897)

The first car to be totally designed by Ledwinka came in 1900 with the Type A with rear mounted 2714 cc engine and top speed of 40 kilometres per hour (25 mph), 22 were made. This was followed by the Type B with central engine in 1902 but then Ledwinka left the company to concentrate on steam engine development. He returned in 1905 and designed a completely new car, the Type S with 3308 cc 4 cylinder engine. Production was badly hit in 1912 with a 23-week strike and Hugo Fischer von Roslerstam left the company.

Tatra concept

Tatra T-11 of 1924
Tatra T-11 of 1924

After the World War I Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau was renamed Kopřivnice vozovka, and in 1919 the name Tatra was given to the car range. Leopold Pasching took over control and in 1921 Hans Ledwinka returned again to develop the revolutionary Tatra 11. The Tatra T11 was the first Tatra model to use the unique combination of major components that is still in use on the trucks produced by Tatra to this day

The new car, launched in 1923 featured a rigid backbone tube with swinging semi-axles at the rear giving independent suspension. The engine, front mounted, was an air cooled two cylinder unit of 1056 cc. The T 11 was replaced in 1926 by the similar T 12 which had four wheel brakes. A further development was the 1926 T 17 with a 1,930 cc water-cooled six- cylinder engine and fully independent suspension. In 1927 the company was formally renamed Tatra a. s. .

Prewar streamliners

Tatra T87
Tatra T87

Tatra's specialty was luxury cars of a technically advanced nature, going from aircooled flat-twins to fours and sixes, culminating (briefly) with the OHC 6 liter V12 in 1931. Air cooling is a method of dissipating Heat. It works by making the object to be cooled have a larger surface area or have an increased flow of air over its surface or both A flat-twin is a two cylinder Internal combustion engine with the cylinders arranged on opposite sides of the crankshaft Overhead camshaft, commonly abbreviated to OHC, Valvetrain configurations place the engine Camshaft within the Cylinder heads above the V12 redirects here For the V12 Training program see V-12 Navy College Training Program. [1] In the 1930s, under Austrian engineer Hans Ledwinka and his son Erich, and protected by a high tariff and absence of foreign assemblers,[2] Tatra started building advanced, streamlined cars, starting in 1934 with the large Tatra T77, the world's first production aerodynamic car. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Hans Ledwinka born in Klosterneuburg ( Lower Austria) 14 February 1878, died in Munich ( Germany } 2 March Tatra 77 is a car presented at the Prague Auto Salon in 1934 The car had a rear-mounted air-cooled 3 The fastback T77's drag coefficient of 0. A fastback is a Car body style whose roofline slopes continuously down at the back The drag coefficient ( Cd, Cx or Cw) is a Dimensionless quantity that describes how streamlined an 212 is rarely bettered even by the sleekest modern cars. It featured, as did almost all subsequent big Tatras, a rear-mounted, air-cooled V8 engine, technically very sophisticated for the time. In Automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the Engine at the rear of the vehicle Air cooling is a method of dissipating Heat. It works by making the object to be cooled have a larger surface area or have an increased flow of air over its surface or both A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other

Ledwinka discussed his ideas with Ferdinand Porsche who used many Tatra design features in the 1938 Kdf-Wagen, later known as the VW Beetle. Prof Dr Ing hc Ferdinand Porsche ( The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen This is particularly evident when compared with the smaller T97 model which had a rear-mounted, air-cooled, flat-4 engine and rounded body styling. The Type 97 is a mid-class saloon car from Czechoslovakian car-maker Tatra. A flat-4 or horizontally-opposed-4 is a Flat engine with four Cylinders arranged horizontally in two banks of two cylinders on each side of a central Tatra immediately started legal action, but the matter was not resolved until 1961 when Volkswagen was ordered to pay 3,000,000 Deutsche Marks in damages.

War years

After the 1938 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany, Tatras continued in production, largely because Germans liked the cars. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Many German officers met their deaths driving heavy, rear-engined Tatras faster around corners than they could handle. In Automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the Engine at the rear of the vehicle Car handling and vehicle handling is a description of the way wheeled vehicles perform transverse to their direction of motion particularly during cornering and swerving At the time, as an anecdote, Tatra became known as the Czech Secret Weapon for the scores of officers who died behind the wheel; at one point official orders had to be issued forbidding German officers from driving Tatras. For other uses see Anecdota. For a comparison of anecdote with other kinds of stories see Myth legend fairy tale and fable. [3]

Postwar Communist control

Tatra T600 Tatraplan
Tatra T600 Tatraplan

The factory was nationalised in 1946 when the Communist Party came to power. A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of Although production of prewar models continued, a new model, the Tatra T600 Tatraplan was designed -- the name celebrating the new Communist planned economy. Tatraplan was the name given to the Tatra T600 automobile Post World War II Tatras continued to be built the factory was nationalised in 1946 after the Communist takeover A planned economy or directed economy is an Economic system in which the Government or Workers' councils manages the Economy. It went into production in 1947. In 1951, the state planning department decided that the Tatraplan should henceforth be built at the Skoda plant in Mladá Boleslav, leaving Tatra free to concentrate on trucks, buses and railway equipment. Škoda Auto ( is an automobile manufacturer in the Czech Republic. Mladá Boleslav (ˈmladaː ˈbolɛslaf German: Jungbunzlau, Hebrew, Latin: Bumsla) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region


The Tatra T603

Tatra T603
Tatra T603

A mere three years later, amid much dissatisfaction among officialdom about the poor-quality official cars imported from Russia, Tatra was again given permission to produce a luxury car, the famous Tatra T603. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A fair successor to the prewar cars, it was also driven by a rear-mounted, air-cooled V8 and had the company's trademark aerodynamic styling. Uniquely, the Tatra T603 featured three headlights, and the first prototypes had a central rear stabilising fin, though this was lost for production. Fitted with almost American-style thick chrome bumpers with bullets (a. This article adopts the US Department of Transportation definition of passenger vehicle to mean cars and trucks used for passengers the term here excludes buses and trains Chrome plating, often referred to simply as chrome, is a technique of Electroplating a thin layer of Chromium onto a Metal object An automobile's bumper is the front-most or rear-most part ostensibly designed to allow the car to sustain an impact without damage to the vehicle's frame or safety systems k. a. Dagmar bumpers), the Tatra T603 was an amazing looking car for 1955. Dagmar bumpers, also known simply as Dagmars (D- HAG -mar is a slang term for the artillery shell shaped styling elements found on the front bumper/grille assemblies Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Looks weren't all it had going for it; performance was spritely for a large, six-seater car, and the ride was smooth as glass. Almost entirely hand-built, Tatras were not for everybody; normal citizens could not buy them. They were reserved for Party elites, Communist officials, factory presidents and other notables, as well as being exported to most other Communist nations as official cars. Even Fidel Castro had a white Tatra T603, custom-fitted with air conditioning. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until

Tatra T603s were built until 1975, a twenty-year reign as Communism's finest car. Numerous improvements were made over this time, but not all the new cars built in this period were actually new. When a new Tatra replaced an old, the old vehicle was returned to the factory. There, it was upgraded to modern condition, refinished, dubbed new and sent out again as a putatively new vehicle to replace another older Tatra. This makes it hard to trace the history of surviving vehicles.

The T603 appeared in the 2005 movie Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events as the other car that looks odder than the Chrysler Imperial. Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a 2004 Academy Award winning Film, directed by Brad Silberling For Imperial models sold under its own marque (1955-1975 1981-83 see Imperial (automobile For the type of rose see Chrysler Imperial Rose


1970s makeover—the Tatra T613

Tatra T613-4 Mi Long Model 1995
Tatra T613-4 Mi Long Model 1995

In 1968 a replacement was developed; the Tatra T613. The Tatra T613 was a large rear engined automobile manufactured by Tatra in the 1970's as a replacement for the Tatra T603 series It was styled by the Italian styling house of Vignale and was a more modern, less rounded shape. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Vignale was an Italian Automobile Coachbuilder company Carrozzeria Alfredo Vignale was established in 1948 at Via Cigliano Turin by Alfredo It was not until 1973 that any were actually produced by the factory, and volume production did not begin until the following year. Although the layout remained the same, the body was all new, as was the engine, being equipped with four overhead camshafts, a higher capacity (3495 cc) and an output close to 165 bhp. In addition, it had been moved somewhat forward for improved balance. These cars were built in 5 series and several modifications until 1996. It is a tribute to Vignale's excellent styling that they did not look dated until rather late in that time period. Over 11,000 cars were built, slowing to a trickle of but a few dozen a year towards the end as Tatras began to seem more and more outdated.

Recent years

With orders and production almost at a standstill after the fall of Communism Tatra decided to stop building the T613 in 1996. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based An attempt was made to produce an updated version, the Tatra T700; it was largely based on the old car, with updated body panels and detail. The Tatra T700 was an automobile released in 1996 by the Czech car maker Tatra, it was essentially a heavily restyled version of the Tatra T613 model it replaced Sales were poor, and having in its history produced a total of 90,000 cars, Tatra finally abandoned their manufacture in 1999 to concentrate on trucks.

The United States Terex Corporation acquired the majority ownership (71%) of Tatra in late 2003. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Terex Corporation is a diversified global manufacturer of a broad range of Heavy equipment for a variety of industries including construction infrastructure quarrying As of late 2006, however, majority ownership (80. 51%) lies in the hands of Tatra Holdings s. r. o. , an international consortium comprising Vectra Limited of U. K. , Sam Eyde of the U. S. , KBC Private Equity of Belgium, Meadowhill s. r. o. of Czech Republic and Ronald Adams of the U. S. On 15 December 2006, a contract was signed between Tatra and the Czech Republic for 556 trucks at roughly $130,000,000 U. S. , or 2,600,000,000 Czech Crowns. This contract was signed in lieu of replacement of older military vehicles.

In April 2007 Tatra announced that it had already matched its production in 2006 and produced 1,600 vehicles. In 2007 Tatra plans to produce between 2,300 and 2,500 vehicles. In contrast to previous years, Tatra has increased employment by the hundreds within the past two quarters, has reversed previous errors, and is growing again. Although there have been many struggles in the past decade, the company still remains one of the great prides of Czech industry and has proven to be a valuable asset to international engineering, with its unique assembly and production methods and designs.

Future

In February 2008, Tatra announced the world's first (and so far, only) air-cooled engine meeting the new Euro 5 standards. European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU member states The press release claims 7. 5 times lower emissions of particulates and 3. Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas 5 times lower emission of nitrogen oxides compared to the previous engine. The term nitrogen oxide typically refers to any Binary compound of Oxygen and Nitrogen, or to a mixture of such compounds Nitric Further, production of air-cooled engines should significantly reduce the production of greenhouse gasses due to the absence of liquid cooling systems. All Tatra vehicles from February 2008 onwards should use the new engine. [4]
A month later, Tatra CEO Ronald Adams told the The Prague Post Tatra could return to producing passanger cars, saying 'we would not come back to compete with the large automobile mass producers such as Volkswagen, Škoda, General Motors, Ford, etc. But we might come back with a replica of the old Tatra cars using a current undercarriage and driveline from one of the major automotive producers. '[5] The company has launched a feasibility study, hoping to produce one thousand replicas of their legendary Tatraplan and 603 cars in 2010. [6]

Models

Passenger cars

Trucks

Tatra T813
Tatra T813
Tatra T141
Tatra T141

See also

References

  1. ^ Georgano, G. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles N. Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)
  2. ^ Georgano.
  3. ^ 1961 Corvair/Rear-engine cars. time. com. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem
  4. ^ http://www.tatra.cz/en/zajimavosti/Press%20ReleaseEURO5.pdf
  5. ^ http://www.praguepost.com/articles/2008/03/26/10-questions.php
  6. ^ http://www.radio.cz/en/article/102624

Literature

External links

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