The logo of Tate, used in different colours for the 4 galleries. This colour is for Tate Modern. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool,

Tate is the United Kingdom's national museum of British and Modern Art, and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in 1897 and renamed in 2000), Tate Liverpool (1988), Tate St Ives (1993) and Tate Modern (2000), with a complementary website, Tate Online (1998). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Tate Liverpool is an Art gallery and Museum in Liverpool, England, and part of Tate, along with Tate St Ives, Cornwall Tate St Ives is an Art gallery in St Ives, Cornwall, UK, exhibiting work by modern British artists including work of the St The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool,

Tate is used as the operating name for the corporate body which was established by the Museums and Galleries Act 1992 as The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery. The Museums and Galleries Act 1992 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1992 c

The Tate was founded in 1897 as the National Gallery of British Art. When its role was changed to include Modern Art it was renamed the Tate Gallery after Henry Tate, who had laid the foundations for the collection. History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth Sir Henry Tate 1st Baronet ( March 11, 1819 – December 5, 1899) was an English Sugar merchant from Chorley The Tate Gallery was housed in a building at Millbank, London. Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In 2000, the Tate Gallery split its collection into four museums: Tate Britain (housed in the original building) displays the collection of British art from 1500 to the present day; Tate Modern which is also in London, houses the Tate's collection of British and International Modern and Contemporary Art from 1900 to the present day. Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Tate Liverpool, in Liverpool has the same purpose as Tate Modern but on a smaller scale, and Tate St Ives displays Modern and Contemporary Art by artists who have connections with the area. Tate Liverpool is an Art gallery and Museum in Liverpool, England, and part of Tate, along with Tate St Ives, Cornwall Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Tate St Ives is an Art gallery in St Ives, Cornwall, UK, exhibiting work by modern British artists including work of the St All four museums share the Tate Collection. One of the Tate's most publicised art events is the annual Turner Prize, which takes place at Tate Britain. The Turner Prize, named after the painter JMW Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual Artist under 50 Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives.

History and development

The original Tate Gallery, now renamed Tate Britain

The original Tate art gallery was called the National Gallery of British Art, and was situated on Millbank, Pimlico, London on the site of the former Millbank Prison. Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. Millbank is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Pimlico is a small area of central London in the City of Westminster that is primarily residential and well known for its collection of small hotels and impressive London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Millbank Prison was a large Prison built in Millbank, Pimlico, London. The idea of a National Gallery of British Art was first proposed in the 1820s by Sir John Leicester, Baron de Tabley. It took a step nearer when Robert Vernon gave his collection to the National Gallery in 1847. A decade later John Sheepshanks gave his collection to the South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria & Albert Museum), known for years as the National Gallery of Art (the same title as the Tate Gallery had). The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection Forty years later Henry Tate who was a sugar magnate and a major collector of Victorian art, offered to fund the building of the gallery to house British Art on the condition that the State pay for the site and revenue costs. Sir Henry Tate 1st Baronet ( March 11, 1819 – December 5, 1899) was an English Sugar merchant from Chorley Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Henry Tate also gifted the gallery his own collection. It was initially a collection solely of modern British art, concentrating on the works of modern—that is Victorian era—painters. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities It was controlled by the National Gallery until 1954.

In 1915, Hugh Lane bequeathed his collection of European Modern Art to Dublin, but controversially this went to the Tate, which expanded its collection to include foreign art and continued to acquire contemporary art. Sir Hugh Percy Lane ( 9 November 1875 in County Cork, Ireland – 7 May 1915) is best known for establishing Dublin In 1926 and 1937 the art dealer and patron Joseph Duveen paid for two major expansions of the gallery building. Joseph Duveen 1st Baron Duveen ( October 14, 1869 Hull – May 25, 1939 London) was one of the most influential Art His father had earlier paid for an extension to house the major part of the Turner Bequest, which in 1987 was transferred to a wing paid for by Sir Charles Clore. Sir Charles Clore ( 24 December 1904 – 26 July 1979) was a British financier retail and property magnate and philanthropist Henry Courtauld also endowed Tate with a purchase fund. By the mid 20th century it was fulfilling a dual function of showing the history of British art as well as international Modern art. In 1954 the Tate Gallery was finally separated from the National Gallery.

Tate Liverpool opened in 1988

During the 1950s and 1960s, the visual arts department of the Arts Council of Great Britain funded and organised temporary exhibitions at the Tate Gallery including in 1966 a retrospective of Marcel Duchamp. The Arts Council of Great Britain was a Non-departmental public body dedicated to the promotion of the Fine arts in Great Britain. Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Later the Tate began organising its own temporary exhibition programme. In 1979 with funding from a Japanese bank a large modern extension was opened that would also house larger income generating exhibitions. In 1987 the Clore Wing opened to house the major part of the Turner bequest and also provided a 200 seat auditorium. (The 'Centenary Development' in 2001 provided improved access and public amenities. )

Tate St Ives (on right), opened 1993, overlooks Porthmeor Beach

In 1988 an outpost in the North West England opened as Tate Liverpool. Tate Liverpool is an Art gallery and Museum in Liverpool, England, and part of Tate, along with Tate St Ives, Cornwall This shows various works from the London Tates as well as mounting its own temporary displays. In 2007 Tate Liverpool hosted the Turner Prize, the first time this has been held outside London. The Turner Prize, named after the painter JMW Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual Artist under 50 This is an overture to Liverpool's being the European Capital of Culture 2008. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its

In 1993 another offshoot opened, Tate St Ives. Tate St Ives is an Art gallery in St Ives, Cornwall, UK, exhibiting work by modern British artists including work of the St It exhibits work by modern British artists, particularly those of the St Ives School. Additionally the Tate also manages the Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden which opened in 1980. The Barbara Hepworth Museum and Sculpture Garden in St Ives, Cornwall preserves the 20th century sculptor 's studio and Garden much as they

Tate Modern opened in 2000

Neither of these two new Tates had a significant effect on the functioning of the original London Tate Gallery, whose size was increasingly proving a constraint as the collection grew. It was a logical step to separate the "British" and "Modern" aspects of the collection, and they are now housed in separate buildings in London. The original gallery is now called Tate Britain and is the national gallery for British art from 1500 to the present day, as well as some modern British art. Tate Modern, in Bankside Power Station on the south side of the Thames, opened in 2000 and now exhibits the national collection of modern art from 1900 to the present day, including some modern British art. The Tate Modern in London is Britain 's national museum of international Modern art and is with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Bankside Power Station is located on the south bank of the Thames in the Bankside district of London. The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. In its first year, Tate Modern was the most popular museum in the world, with 5,250,000 visitors.

Sir Nicholas Serota has been the director of the Tate since 1988. Sir Nicholas Andrew Serota (born 27 April 1946) is a British art Curator.

Tate Online

Tate Online is the Tate's web site. Since its launch in 1998, the site has provided information on all four physical Tate galleries (Tate Britain, Tate St Ives, Tate Liverpool and Tate Modern) under the same domain. Tate Online helps visitors prepare and extend visits to the physical sites but also acts as a destination in its own right. Other resources include illustrated information on all works in Tate's Collection of British and Modern international art, structured and informal e-learning opportunities for all visitors, over 400 hours of archived webcast events, all articles from the magazine, TATE ETC. and a series of bespoke net art commissions. Tate Etc is an arts magazine produced within Britain's Tate organisation of arts and museums BT has been the exclusive sponsor of Tate Online since 2001. BT Group plc (formerly British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (ˌbiːˈtiː bee tee) (previously known as British Telecom and still

Tate in Space was created in 2002 as an online artwork by artist Susan Alexis Collins in collaboration with the Tate. Susan Collins PhD (born 1964 London) is an English artist and academic one of the UK's leading artists working with Digital media. The web pages appear as part of the Tate Online web pages, alongside the pages for physical art galleries such as Tate Modern and Tate Liverpool. Tate in Space is interactive fiction, with each participant bringing their own fantasies to the project. There are also contributions from space art historians, architects and space scientists, so that the site blending fact and fiction. It was nominated in the Interactive Art category for the 2003 BAFTA Interactive awards. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation

Administration

The Tate receives annual funding from the Department for Culture, Media & Sport. The Department for Culture Media and Sport ( DCMS) is a department of the United Kingdom government, with responsibility for culture and sport It is administered by a board of trustees, who are responsible for the running of the gallery and appoint the Director (for a period of seven years). Under the Charities Act 1993, the Tate is an exempt charity accountable directly to Government rather than the Charities Commission for financial returns etc. The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the Non-ministerial government department that regulates registered However, the Trustees are still expected to follow the broad responsibilities of charity trustees, and may be subject to Charity Commission oversight on these elements of their activities.

Various bodies have been set up to support the Tate including Tate Members for the general public, where a yearly fee gives rights such as free entry to charging exhibitions and members rooms. There is also Tate Patrons for a higher subscription fee and the Tate Foundation. There are a number of corporate sponsors. In addition individual shows are often sponsored.

The Outset Contemporary Art Fund was established in 2003 by Tate patrons, Yana Peel and Candida Gertler, in collaboration with the Frieze Art Fair, to buy works from the fair for the Tate. The Outset Contemporary Art Fund was established in 2003 and is a fund established for the Tate gallery to buy works for its collection from the Frieze Art Fair. Frieze is an annual international contemporary Art fair held in October in London's Regent's Park.

Controversies

In the 19th century, there was dispute over the acquisitions made with the Chantrey bequest and accusations that favouritism resulted in the purchase of dull work by Royal Academicians. Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey ( April 7, 1782 &ndash November 25, 1841) was an English sculptor of the Georgian era This article refers to an art institution in London For other meanings of Royal Academy see Royal Academy (disambiguation.

In 1971, an exhibition by Robert Morris was closed after one day due to health and safety concerns. Robert Morris (b February 9, 1931 Kansas City Missouri) is an American sculptor conceptual artist and writer

In 1972, the Tate Gallery purchased a work by Carl Andre called 'Equivalent VIII'. Carl Andre (born September 16, 1935) is an American minimalist Artist. Equivalent VIII, usually referred to as "The Bricks" is the last and most famous of a series of minimalist sculpture by Carl Andre. During a 1976 exhibition of the work The Times newspaper published an article using the work to complain about institutional waste of taxpayers' money. The article made the piece infamous and it was subjected to ridicule in the media and vandalism. The work is still popularly known as "The Bricks", and has entered the British public lexicon.

Each year, the Turner Prize is held at a Tate Gallery (historically at Tate Britain) and is awarded to an artist under 50 who is either British or primarily working in Great Britain. The Turner Prize, named after the painter JMW Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual Artist under 50 It is the subject of great controversy and creates much media attention for contemporary British art, as well as attracting demonstrations. British art is the art of the island of Great Britain. The term normally includes British artists as well as expatriates settled in Britain and British citizens working Stuckist demonstrations since 2000 have been a key part of the Stuckist art group's activities and have succeeded in giving them a high profile both in Britain and

In 1995, it was revealed that the Tate had accepted a gift of £20,000 from art fraudster John Drewe. John Drewe (b 1948 is a British purveyor of art forgeries who commissioned impoverished artist John Myatt to paint them The gallery had given Drewe access to its archives which he then used to forge documents authenticating fake modern paintings that he then sold.

In 1998, Sir Nicholas Serota, director of Tate, conceived Operation Cobalt, the secret and ultimately successful buyback of two of the Tate's paintings by J. M. W. Turner that had been stolen from a German gallery in 1994. Sir Nicholas Andrew Serota (born 27 April 1946) is a British art Curator. Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 &ndash 19 December 1851 was an English Romantic landscape painter, Watercolourist and See Frankfurt art theft (1994). Three famous paintings were stolen from a Frankfurt art gallery in 1994.

Charles Saatchi stated that an offer of a major gift of works was rejected by Serota. Charles Saatchi (born June 9, 1943) ( Arabic: تشارلز ساعاتجي) was the co-founder with his brother Maurice of the global Serota responded that no such offer had been made.

In 2005 the Stuckists offered a donation of 175 paintings which had been exhibited at the Walker Art Gallery. Stuckism is an Art movement that was founded in 1999 in Britain by Billy Childish and Charles Thomson to promote figurative painting The Stuckists Punk Victorian was the first national gallery exhibition of Stuckist art The Walker Art Gallery is an art gallery in Liverpool, which houses one of the largest art collections in England outside of London. This was rejected and the Tate was accused of "snubbing one of Britain’s foremost collections". ^[1]

In 2005, there was a scandal over the Tate's purchase of its trustee Chris Ofili's work The Upper Room for £705,000, and accusations of conflict of interest. Chris Ofili (born 1968 is a British painter noted for artworks referencing aspects of his Nigerian heritage ^[2] In July 2006 the Charity Commission completed an investigation into this and censured the gallery for acting outside its legal powers. The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the Non-ministerial government department that regulates registered ^[3]

In 2006 a legal opinion was given that the Tate and National Gallery have no legal right to ownership of the Turner Bequest, as Turner's conditions for that had never been fulfilled and are still binding. ^[4]

In 2006, it was revealed that the Tate was the only national-funded museum not to be accredited to the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA), as it did not wish to abide by guidelines that deaccessioned work should first be offered to other museums. The Museums Libraries and Archives Council ( MLA) is a Non-Departmental Public Body in England with a remit in the area of Museums libraries The MLA threatened to bar the Tate from acquiring works under the Acceptance in Lieu (AIL) scheme, whereby works are given to the nation to settle inheritance tax. 1,800 museums are accredited to the MLA. ^[5]

See also

• Turner Prize
• TATE ETC.

References

External links

• Tate Online — 65,000 works from the Tate Collection online, information on Tate's exhibitions and events programmes, and online learning resources.
• TATE ETC. Magazine
• Turner Worldwide - an ongoing online cataloguing of JMW Turner's work around the world.
• Turner Collection Online The online catalogue of Tate's collection of nearly 300 oil paintings and 30,000 works on paper by JMW Turner.
• Tate Gallery Records Tate's own historical records.
• Tate Podcasts Audio and video podcasts from Tate.
• Tate in Space
• Turner Museum