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This article is about the people. For other uses, see Tatar (disambiguation).
Tatars
(Tatarlar / Татарлар)
Tatar woman, 18th century
Total population

21 million
Regions with significant populations
Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Lithuania, Finland, Estonia, Poland, Belarus, Germany, Bulgaria, Romania, Canada, USA, Brazil, Moldova, Japan and China
Languages
Russian, Tatar and many others among the diaspora
Religions
Sunni Islam, Atheism, Orthodox Christianity
Related ethnic groups
other Turkic peoples

Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар), sometimes spelled Tartar (more about the name), are a Turkic ethnic group or a couple of ethnic groups. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Atheism The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family

Most current day Tatars live in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Moldova, Lithuania, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Kazakhstan, Romania, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly They collectively numbered more than 10 million in the late 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

The original Ta-ta inhabited the north-eastern Gobi in the 5th century and, after subjugation in the 9th century by the Khitans, migrated southward, there founding the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. The Gobi (Говь Govi or Gov', "gravel-covered plain" Chinese: zh-t 戈壁(沙漠 Gēbì (Shāmò) The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Under the leadership of his grandson Batu Khan, they moved westwards, driving with them many stems of the Turkic Ural-Altayans towards the plains of Russia. Batu Khan (Бат Хаан Баты́й (c 1205–1255 was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The Ural-Altaic languages constitute a hypothetical Language family uniting the Uralic and Altaic language families Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

In Europe, they were assimilated by the local Turkic populations or their name spread to the conquered peoples: Kipchaks, Volga Bulgars, Alans, Kimaks and others; and elsewhere with Finno-Ugric speaking peoples, as well as with remnants of the ancient Greek colonies in the Crimea and Caucasians in the Caucasus. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The Kimek or Kimak (Yemek Yamak Djamuk are one of the Turkic tribes known from Arab and Persian medieval geographers and writers as being Finno-Ugric (ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːgɹɪk is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family comprising Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East

Tatars of Siberia are survivors of the Turkic population of the Ural-Altaic region, mixed to some extent with the speakers of Uralic languages, as well as with Mongols. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Ural (Ура́л is a geographical region around the Ural Mountains, mostly within Russia but also including a part of northwestern Kazakstan. The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, The Uralic languages (jʊˈrælɨk constitute a language family of 39 Languages spoken by approximately 20 million people Later, each group adopted Turkic languages and many adopted Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. At the beginning of 20th century, most of those groups, except the Volga Tatars and Crimean Tatars adopted their own ethnic names and now are not referred to as Tatars, being Tatars or Tartars only in historical context. Volga Tatars are a Turkic people of Russia most of whom occupy the west central portion of the Ural Mountains. Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg Now the name Tatars is generally applied to two ethnic groups: Volga Tatars (or simply Tatars) and Crimean Tatars. Volga Tatars are a Turkic people of Russia most of whom occupy the west central portion of the Ural Mountains. Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg However, some indigenous peoples of Siberia are also traditionally named Tatars, such as Chulym Tatars. The Chulyms, also Chulym Tatars, ( Чулымцы in Russian; self-designation Чулымские люди, the Russian phrase for Chulymian

The present Tatar inhabitants of Eurasia form three large groups:

Due to the vast movements and intermingling of peoples along with the very loose utilization of the name Tatar, current day Tatars comprise a spectrum of physical appearance. As to the original Tatars from Mongolia, they most likely shared characteristics with the Turkic invaders from Central Asia.

Contents

Name

Kul Tigin Monument on which the first mention of the Tatar people is inscribed
Kul Tigin Monument on which the first mention of the Tatar people is inscribed

The name "Tatar" initially appeared amongst the nomadic Turkic peoples of northeastern Mongolia in the region around Lake Baikal in the beginning of the 5th century. Kul Tigin ( Kül (Köl Gül Göl Tigin (Tegin Kul Khan Bengü İnançu Apa Tarkan) 闕特勒 (685 - 731 or 732 CE was a famous general of the Second Turkic Kaganate The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East Lake Baikal (о́зеро Байка́л Ozero Baykal, ˈozʲɪrə bʌjˈkɑl Байгал нуур Baygal nuur) is in Southern Siberia in Russia [1] These people may have been related to the Cumans or the Kipchaks. Cumans (Кумани Byzantine: Kuman or Cuman, Kunok Turkic: Kumanlar) were a nomadic Turkic people who inhabited a [1] The Chinese term is Dada and is a comparatively specific term for nomads to the north, emerging in the late Tang. Other names include Dadan and Tatan.

As various of these nomadic groups became part of Genghis Khan's army in the early 13th century, a fusion of Mongol and Turkic elements took place, and the invaders of Rus and Hungary became known to Europeans as Tatars (or Tartars). Nomadic people, (from the νομάδες nomádes, "those who let pasture herds" also known as nomads, are communities of people that Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic [1] After the break up of the Mongol Empire, the Tatars became especially identified with the western part of the empire, which included most of European Russia and was known as the Golden Horde. The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. [1]

Formerly, it was believed that the name Tatar derived from the name Tartarus,[2] the Greek name for the underworld; this belief led to the frequent spelling and pronunciation of the name with an extra "r", to conform with the classical Greek word. In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife However, this provenance is unlikely since the Tatars use this name for themselves, spelling it without r (Tatar Cyrillic: Татарлар, Latin: Tatarlar). The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. Two scripts are currently used for the Tatar language: Cyrillic and Latin. Two scripts are currently used for the Tatar language: Cyrillic and Latin.

Historical meaning of Tatars

Tatars

The discrimination of the separate stems included under the name is still far from complete. The following subdivisions, however, may be regarded as established:

Tatars - Tatarlar or Татарлар. In modern English only Tatar is used to refer to Eurasian Tatars; Tartar has offensive connotations as a confusion with the Tartarus of Greek mythology, due in part to the popular association of the supposed bloodthirsty ferocity of the Mongol tribes with the Greek sub-underworld. In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place In Europe the term Tartar is generally only used in the historical context for Mongolian people who appeared in the 13th century (the Mongol invasions) and assimilated into the local population later. The Mongol Empire emerged in the course of the 13th century by a series of conquests and invasions throughout Central and Western Asia, reaching Eastern Europe

Volga Tatars

Main article: Volga Tatars

Volga Tatars live in the central and eastern parts of european Russia and in western Siberia. Volga Tatars are a Turkic people of Russia most of whom occupy the west central portion of the Ural Mountains. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving In today's Russia the term Tatars is used to describe Volga Tatars only. During the census of 2002, Tatars, or Volga Tatars, were officially divided into common Tatars, Astrakhan Tatars, Keräşen Tatars, and Siberian Tatars. Other ethnic groups, such as Crimean Tatars and Chulyms, were not officially recognized as a part of the multi-ethnic Tatar group and were counted separately. Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg The Chulyms, also Chulym Tatars, ( Чулымцы in Russian; self-designation Чулымские люди, the Russian phrase for Chulymian Anthropologically 38,2% of Volga Tatars belongs to Southern Caucasoid, 22,9% to Lapponoid, 19,5% to Mongoloid and 19,4% to Northern Caucasoid.

Kazan (Qazan) Tatars

Kazan Tatars
Kazan Tatars

During the 11-16th centuries, most Turkic tribes lived in what is now Russia and Kazakhstan. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The present territory of Tatarstan was inhabited by the Volga Bulgars who settled on the Volga in the 8th century and converted to Islam in 922 during the missionary work of Ahmad ibn Fadlan. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Events By Place Asia The Khitan Empire led by Abaoji, raids Hebei, China. Ahmad Ibn Fadlān ibn al-Abbās ibn Rašīd ibn Hammād (أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن رشيد بن حماد was a 10th century Arab Muslim On the Volga, the Bulgars mingled with Scythian and Finno-Ugric speaking peoples. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic After the Mongol invasion, Bulgaria was defeated, ruined and incorporated in the Golden Horde. The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236 This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. Much of the population survived, and there was a certain degree of mixing between it and the Kipchak Tatars of the Horde during the ensuing period. The group as a whole accepted the ethnonym "Tatars" (finally in the end of 19th century; although the name Bulgars persisted in some places; the majority identified themselves simply as the Muslims) and the language of the Kipchaks; on the other hand, the invaders eventually converted to Islam. The Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) were a seminomadic people probably of Turkic descent originally from Central Asia, As the Horde disintegrated in the 15th century, the area became the territory of the Kazan khanate, which was ultimately conquered by Russia in the 16th century. The Kazan Khanate (Казан ханлыгы|Qazan xanlığı|قازان خانليغى Russian: Казанское ханство tr: Kazanskoe khanstvo The Russo-Kazan Wars was a series of wars fought between the Khanate of Kazan and Muscovite Russia in the 15th and 16th centuries until Kazan was finally

There is some debate among scholars about the extent of that mixing and the "share" of each group as progenitors of the modern Kazan Tatars. It is relatively accepted that demographically, most of the population was directly descended from the Bulgars. Nevertheless, some emphasize the contribution of the Kipchaks on the basis of the ethnonym and the language, and consider that the modern Tatar ethnogenesis was only completed upon their arrival. Others prefer to stress the Bulgar heritage, sometimes to degree of equating modern Kazan Tatars with Bulgars. They argue that although the Volga Bulgars had not kept their language and their name, their old culture and religion - Islam - have been preserved. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. According to scholars who espouse this view, there was very little mixing with Mongol and Turkic aliens after the conquest of Volga Bulgaria, especially in the northern regions that ultimately became Tatarstan. Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian Some voices even advocate the change of the ethnonym from "Tatars" to "Bulgars" - a movement known as Bulgarism. Bulgarism is a political movement for the use of the Bolgar ethnonym among Kazan Tatars. [3] [4]

In the 1910s they numbered about half a million in the Kazan Governorate (Tatarstan, the Kazan Tatars' historical motherland), about 400,000 in each of the governments of Ufa, 100,000 in Samara and Simbirsk, and about 30,000 in Vyatka, Saratov, Tambov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm and Orenburg. The 1910s decade ran from January 1 1910 through December 31 1919 The Kazan Governorate (Каза́нская губе́рния; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian Ufa (Уфа́ Өфө Öfö; Уфа|Ufa Ӗпхӳ Ephü) is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Samara (Сама́ра ( Kuybyshev (ru Ку́йбышев from 1935 to 1990 is one of the largest cities in Russia. Ulyanovsk (Улья́новск formerly Simbirsk (ru Симби́рск is a city on the Volga River in Russia, 893 km east from Vyatka may refer to Vyatka River, a river in Russia Vyatka, former name of the city of Kirov, Kirov Oblast Russia History The Legend of Saratov Gelonus, a legendary Scythian city and the northernmost Greek colony may be conjectured to have been situated in the locality TambovSoborJPG|thumb|200px|right|Cathedral in Tambov]] Мост через Цну History Penza was founded in 1663 as a frontier outpost on the then southeastern border of Russia Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia Perm (Пермь pʲɛrmʲ is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. Orenburg (Оренбу́рг is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District Some 15,000 belonging to the same stem had migrated to Ryazan, or had been settled as prisoners in the 16th and 17th centuries in Lithuania (Vilnius, Grodno and Podolia). History It is argued that the Ryazan Kremlin was founded in 800 by Slavic settlers as part of their drive into territory previously populated by Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Some 2000 resided in St. Petersburg, where they were mostly employed as coachmen and waiters in restaurants. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River In Poland they constituted 1% of the population of the district of Plock. Płock is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river with 131011 inhabitants Later they wer never counted as separate group of the Tatars.

The Kazan Tatars speak a Turkic language (with a big complement of Russian and Arabic words; see Tatar language). The Turkic languages constitute a Language family of some thirty languages spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. They have been described as generally middle-sized, broad-shouldered, and the majority have brown and green eyes, a straight nose and salient cheek bones[1]. Because their ancestors number not only Turkic peoples, but Finno-Ugric and Eastern Iranian peoples as well, many Kazan Tatars tend to have Caucasoid faces. The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages emerging in Middle Iranian times (from ca Around 33. 5% belong to Southern Caucasoid, 27. 5% to Northern Caucasoid, 24. 5% to Lapponoid and 14. 5% to Mongoloid [2]. Most Kazan Tatars practice Sunni Islam. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic

Before 1917 in Russia, polygamy was practised only by the wealthier classes and was a waning institution. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Bashkirs who live between the Kama and Ural speak the Bashkir language, which is similar to Tatar, and have converted to Sunni Islam. The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. Kama (река́ Ка́ма is a major river in Russia, the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge in fact it is larger than The Ural (Урал Kazakh: Жайық, Jayıq or Zhayyq) known as Yaik before 1775, is a river flowing through The Bashkir language is a Turkic language. Speakers The 2002 population census showed under 1000000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic

Because it is understandable to all groups of Russian Tatars, as well as to the Chuvash and Bashkirs, the language of the Volga Tatars became a literary one in the 15th century (İske Tatar tele). The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. Old Tatar language ( Iske imla: يسكى تاتار تلى (translit (However, being written in Arabic alphabet, it was spelled variously in the different regions). İske imlâ ( imˈlʲæ Cyrillic: иске имля Tatar language for Old Orthography) is a variant of the Arabic alphabet, used for the The old literary language included a lot of Arabic and Persian words. Nowadays the literary language includes European and Russian words instead of Arabic.

Volga Tatars number nearly 8 millions, mostly in Russia and the republics of the former Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 While the bulk of the population is to be found in Tatarstan (nearly 2 million) and neighbouring regions, significant numbers of Kazan Tatars live in Central Asia, Siberia and the Caucasus. Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian Outside of Tatarstan, urban Tatars usually speak Russian as their first language (in cities such as Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Tashkent, Almaty, and cities of the Ural and western Siberia) and other languages in a worldwide diaspora. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia Almaty ( Алматы; formerly known as Alma-Ata ( Алма-Ата) also Verniy, (Верный is the largest city in Kazakhstan Ural (Ура́л is a geographical region around the Ural Mountains, mostly within Russia but also including a part of northwestern Kazakstan.

A significant number of Tatars emigrated during the Russian Civil War, mostly to Turkey and Harbin, China, but resettled to European countries later. The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Some of them speak Turkish at home. According to the Chinese government, there are still 51,000 Tatars living in Xinjiang province (see Chinese Tatars). The Chinese Tatars (塔塔尔族 Tǎtǎěrzú) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

See also: Tatar language

Noqrat Tatars

Tatars live in Russia's Kirov Oblast. The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. Kirov Oblast (Ки́ровская о́бласть Kirovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast)

Perm Tatars

Tatars live in Russia's Perm Krai. Perm Krai (Пе́рмский край Permsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a Krai) that came into existence on December 1 Some of them also have an admixture of Komi blood. Komi (obsolete Komi-Zyrians live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous

Keräşen Tatars

Some Tatars were forcibly Christianized by Ivan the Terrible during the 16th century and later in the 18th century.

Some scientists suppose that Suars were ancestors of the Keräşen Tatars, and they had been converted to Christianity by Armenians in the 6th century, while they lived in the Caucasus. The Suars (also known as Suvar) were a Turkic-speaking people probably of Hunnish descent who lived in Eastern Europe in Middle Ages The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Suars, like other tribes (which later converted to Islam) became Volga Bulgars and later the modern Chuvash (mostly Christians) and Tatars (mostly Muslims). Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

Keräşen Tatars live all over Tatarstan. Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian Now they tend to be assimilated among Russians, Chuvash and Tatars with Sunni Muslim self-identification. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Eighty years of atheistic Soviet rule made Tatars of both confessions not as religious as they were. Atheism As such, differences between Tatars and Keräşen Tatars now is only that Keräşens have Russian names.

Some Turkic (Kuman) tribes in Golden Horde were converted to Christianity in the 13th and 14th centuries (Catholicism and Nestorianism). This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Nestorius Nestorius (c  386 &ndashc  451) was a pupil of Theodore of Mopsuestia in Antioch in Syria (modern Some prayers, written in that time in the Codex Cumanicus, sound like modern Keräşen prayers, but there is no information about the connection between Christian Kumans and modern Keräşens. The Codex Cumanicus was a linguistic manual of the Middle Ages, presumably designed to help Catholic Missionaries to the Cumans

Nağaybäks
Main article: Nağaybäk

Tatars who became Cossacks (border keepers) and converted to Russian Orthodoxy. Nağaybäk ( plural Nağaybäklär Russian: Нагайбаки are an ethnoconfessional group in Russia. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern They live in the Urals, the Russian border with Kazakhstan during the 17th-18th century. Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the

The biggest Nağaybäk village is Parizh, Russia, named after French capital Paris, due Nağaybäk's participation in Napoleonic wars. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions

Tiptär Tatars

Like Noğaybaqs, although they are Sunni Muslims. Some Tiptär Tatars speak Russian or Bashkir. The Bashkir language is a Turkic language. Speakers The 2002 population census showed under 1000000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in According to some scientists, Tiptärs are part of the Mişärs.

Tatar language dialects

There are 3 dialects: Eastern, Central, Western.

The Western dialect (Misher) is spoken mostly by Mishärs, the Middle dialect is spoken by Tatarstan and Astrakhan Tatars ("Volga Bulgarians"), and the Eastern (Siberian) dialect is spoken by some groups of Tatars in Russia's Tyumen Oblast. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Tyumen Oblast (Тюме́нская о́бласть Tyumenskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) This latter, which was isolated from other dialects, is related to Chulym, and some scientists believe that the Eastern dialect is an independent language. Chulym (Russian Чулымский язык also known as Chulim, Chulym-Turkic, Küerik, Chulym Tatar or Melets Tatar (not The Bashkir language, for example, is better understood by Kazan Tatars than is the Eastern dialect of the Siberian Tatars.

Middle Tatar is the base of literary Tatar Language. The Middle dialect also has subdivisions.

Mişär Tatars

Mişär Tatars (or Mishers) are a group of Tatars speaking a dialect of the Tatar language. The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. They are descendants of Kipchaks in the Middle Oka River area and Meschiora where they mixed with the local Finno-Ugric tribes. Oka (Ока́ is a River in central Russia, the largest right Tributary of the Volga. Nowadays they live in Tambov, Penza, Ryazan [[Nizhegorodskaya]] (Nizhniy Novdorod) oblasts of Russia and in Bashkortostan and Mordovia. Tambov Oblast (Тамбо́вская о́бласть Tambovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Penza Oblast (Пе́нзенская о́бласть Penzenskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Ryazan Oblast (Ряза́нская о́бласть Ryazanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Republic of Bashkortostan (Респу́блика Башкортоста́н Башҡортостан Республикаһы or Bashkiria (ru Башки́рия Republic of Mordovia (Респу́блика Мордо́вия Moksha / Erzya: Мордовия Республикась or Mordvinia is a federal They lived near and along the Volga River, in Tatarstan.

Qasím Tatars

The Western Tatars have their capital in the town of Qasím (Kasimov in Russian transcription) in Ryazan Oblast, with a Tatar population of 500. Kasimov (Касимов Касыйм tt ''Qasím'' historically Xankirmän, Gorodets Meschorsky, Novy Nizovoy) is a town in Ryazan Oblast Ryazan Oblast (Ряза́нская о́бласть Ryazanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) See "Qasim Khanate" for their history. Qasim Khanate or Kingdom of Qasim ( Tatar: Qasím xanlığı/Касыйм ханлыгы, Qasím patşalığı/Касыйм патшалыгы

Astrakhan Tatars

The Astrakhan Tatars (nearly 70,000) are a group of Tatars, descendants of the Astrakhan Khanate's agricultural population, who live mostly in Astrakhan Oblast. The Khanate of Astrakhan ( Xacitarxan Khanate) was a Tatar Feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the Astrakhan Oblast (Астраха́нская о́бласть Astrakhanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) For the 2000 Russian census 2000, most Astrakhan Tatars declared themselves simply as Tatars and few declared themselves as Astrakhan Tatars. A large number of common Volga Tatars (Kazan Tatars) live in Astrakhan Oblast and differences between them have been disappearing.

Text from Britannica 1911:

The Astrakhan Tatars number about 10,000 and are, with the Mongol Kalmyks, all that now remains of the once so powerful Astrakhan empire. Astrakhan (А́страхань Ästerxan Persian: حاجی‌ترخان Haji-Tarkhan) is a major city in southern European Russia and Kalmyk redirects here for the breed of cattle see Kalmyk (cattle. They also are agriculturists and gardeners; while some 12,000 Kundrovsk Tatars still continue the nomadic life of their ancestors.

While Astrakhan (Ästerxan) Tatar is a mixed dialect, around 43,000 have assimilated to the Middle (i. e. , Kazan) dialect. Their ancestors are Khazars, Kipchaks and some Volga Bulgars. "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of (Volga Bulgars had trade colonies in modern Astrakhan and Volgograd oblasts of Russia. Astrakhan Oblast (Астраха́нская о́бласть Astrakhanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) )

Volga Tatars in the world

Places where Volga Tatars live include:

Tatars of East Europe

Crimean Tatars

Main article: Crimean Tatars

The Crimean Tatars constituted the Crimean Khanate which was annexed by Russia in 1783. Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The war of 1853 and the laws of 1860-63 and 1874 caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg

Those of the south coast, mixed with Scyth, Greeks and Italians, were well known for their skill in gardening, their honesty, and their work habits, as well as for their fine features. The mountain Tatars closely resemble those of Caucasus, while those of the steppes - the Nogais - are decidedly of a mixed origin with Turks and Mongols. In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced

During World War II, the entire Tatar population in Crimea fell victims to Stalin's oppressive policies. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party In 1944 they were accused of being Nazi collaborators and deported en masse to Central Asia and other lands of the Soviet Union. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Many died of disease and malnutrition. Since the 1980s late, about 250,000 Crimean Tatars have returned to their homeland in the Crimea [3].

Lithuanian Tatars

'Tatar dance' - (Crimean) Tatar soldier (left) fighting with the soldier of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (right). This was a common occurrence until the 18th century.
'Tatar dance' - (Crimean) Tatar soldier (left) fighting with the soldier of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (right). The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic This was a common occurrence until the 18th century.

After Tokhtamysh was defeated by Tamerlane, some of his clan sought refuge in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Tokhtamysh (d ca 1406 was the last khan of the White Horde, who unified the White Horde and Blue Horde subdivisions of the Golden Horde into Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje They were given land and nobility in return for military service and were known as Lipka Tatars. The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands They are known to have taken part in the Battle of Grunwald. The Battle of Grunwald (or 1st Battle of Tannenberg) took place on 15 July 1410 with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by

Another group appeared in Jagoldai Duchy (Lithuania's vassal) near modern Kursk in 1437 and disappeared later. Jagoldai, Cağalday ( Polish: Jaholdaj) (pronounce yah-gohl-DAI or jah-ghahl-DAY &ndash little Tatar tyumen (duchy in today Kursk Oblast History KurskOld2jpg|thumb|200px|Pre-1917 view of Kursk]] Archaeology indicates that the site of Kursk was settled in the fifth or fourth century B

Belarusian Tatars

Further information: Islam in Belarus

Islam spread in Belarus from the 14th to the 16th century. Islam in Belarus was introduced by Lipka Tatars in the 14th -16th centuries and now also includes Muslim immigrants The process was encouraged by the Lithuanian princes, who invited Tatar Muslims from the Crimea and the Golden Horde as guards of state borders. Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. Already in the 14th century the Tatars had been offered a settled way of life, state posts and service positions. By the end of the 16th century over 100,000 Tatars settled in Belarus and Lithuania, including those hired to government service, those who moved there voluntarily, prisoners of war, etc. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the

Tatars in Belarus generally follow Sunni Hanafi Islam. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Hanafi ( Arabic حنفي school is the oldest of the four schools of thought ( Madhhabs Some groups have accepted Christianity and been assimilated, but most adhere to Muslim religious traditions, which ensures their definite endogamy and preservation of ethnic features. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Interethnic marriages with representatives of Belarusian, Polish, Lithuanian, Russian nationalities are not rare, but do not result in total assimilation.

Originating from different ethnic associations, Belarusian (and also Polish and Lithuanian) Tatars back in ancient days lost their native language and adopted Belarusian, Polish and Russian. However, the liturgy is conducted in the Arabic language, which is known by the clergymen. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language There are an estimated 20,000 Tatars in Belarus.

Polish Tatars

Main articles: Lipka Tatars and Islam in Poland
Tatar mosque in the village of Bohoniki, Poland
Tatar mosque in the village of Bohoniki, Poland

From the 13th to 17th centuries various groups of Tatars settled and/or found refuge within the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands The first noticeable presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic This was promoted especially by the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, because of their deserved reputation as skilled warriors. The Tatar settlers were all granted with szlachta (~ nobility) status, a tradition that was preserved until the end of the Commonwealth in the 18th century. Szlachta ( refers to the noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (since 1569 semi-federal semi-confederal They included the Lipka Tatars (13-14 centuries) as well as Crimean and Nogay Tatars (15th-16th centuries), all of which were noticeable in Polish military history, as well as Volga Tatars (16th-17th centuries). The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern Volga Tatars are a Turkic people of Russia most of whom occupy the west central portion of the Ural Mountains. They all mostly settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, lands that are now in Lithuania and Belarus. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east

Various estimates of the number of Tatars in the Commonwealth in the 17th century range from 15,000 persons to 60 villages with mosques. Numerous royal privileges, as well as internal autonomy granted by the monarchs allowed the Tatars to preserve their religion, traditions and culture over the centuries. The Tatars were allowed to intermarry with Christians, a thing uncommon in Europe at the time. The May Constitution of 1791 gave the Tatars representation in the Polish Sejm.

Although by the 18th century the Tatars adopted the local language, the Islamic religion and many Tatar traditions (e. g. the sacrifice of bulls in their mosques during the main religious festivals) were preserved. This led to formation of a distinctive Muslim culture, in which the elements of Muslim orthodoxy mixed with religious tolerance and a relatively liberal society. For instance, the women in Lipka Tatar society traditionally had the same rights and status as men, and could attend non-segregated schools.

About 5,500 Tatars lived within the inter-war boundaries of Poland (1920-1939), and a Tatar cavalry unit had fought for the country's independence. The Tatars had preserved their cultural identity and sustained a number of Tatar organisations, including a Tatar archives, and a museum in Wilno (Vilnius).

The Tatars suffered serious losses during World War II and furthermore, after the border change in 1945 a large part of them found themselves in the Soviet Union. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 It is estimated that about 3000 Tatars live in present-day Poland, of which about 500 declared Tatar (rather than Polish) nationality in the 2002 census. There are two Tatar villages (Bohoniki and Kruszyniany) in the north-east of present-day Poland, as well as urban Tatar communities in Warsaw, Gdańsk, Białystok, and Gorzow Wielkopolski. Bohoniki is a Village in the administrative district of Gmina Sokółka, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Kruszyniany is a Village in the administrative district of Gmina Krynki, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Białystok Lublin Voivodeship Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest City in northeastern Poland. Gorzów Wielkopolski (abbreviated Gorzów Wlkp; Landsberg an der Warthe is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river with 125780 inhabitants (2005 Tatars in Poland sometimes have a Muslim surname with a Polish ending: Ryzwanowicz, Jakubowicz.

The Tatars were relatively very noticeable in the Commonwealth military as well as in Polish and Lithuanian political and intellectual life for such a small community. In modern-day Poland, their presence is also widely known, due in part to their noticeable role in the historical novels of Henryk Sienkiewicz, which are universally recognized in Poland. A number of Polish intellectual figures have also been Tatars, e. g. the prominent historian Jerzy Łojek.

A small community of Polish speaking Tatars settled in Brooklyn, New York City in the early 1900s. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The City of New York They established a mosque that is still in use today.

Dobruja Tatars

In Dobruja, Romania, there is today a community of about 25,000 Crimean Tatars, which were colonized there by the Ottoman Empire beginning with the 17'th Century

Caucasian Tatars

These are Tatars who inhabit the upper Kuban, the steppes of the lower Kuma and the Kura, and the Araks. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Kuban River (Куба́нь ku'banʲ Adyghe: Псыж Psyzh) is a River in Russia, in the North Caucasus region In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced The Kuma (Кума́ is an 802 km (498 mile long River in southern Russia. In the 19th century they numbered about 1,350,000. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar This number includes a number of Kazan Tatar oil workers who came to the Caucasus from the Middle Volga in the end of the 19th century.

Now this term is used to describe Volga Tatars, settled in Caucasus. Other explanations, like followers, can be found only in historical context.

Nogais on the Kuma

The Nogais on the Kuma River show traces of a mixture with Kalmyks. The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern The Kuma (Кума́ is an 802 km (498 mile long River in southern Russia. Kalmyk redirects here for the breed of cattle see Kalmyk (cattle. They are nomads, supporting themselves by cattle-breeding and fishing; a few are agriculturists.

Today Nogais is an independent ethnos, living in the North of Dagestan, where they lived after Nogai Horde's defeating in was against Russia and settling Kalmyks in their lands in 17th century. The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul The Nogai Horde was a confederation of Turkic nomads that occupied the Pontic-Caspian steppe from about 1500 until pushed south by the Russians during the 17th century Kalmyk redirects here for the breed of cattle see Kalmyk (cattle. Nogais was replaced to Black Lands in the North of Daghestan. The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul Another part merged with Kazakhs. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated

In 16th century Nogais supported Crimean Khanate and Ottoman Empire, but sometimes robbed Crimean, Kazan Tatar and Bashkir lands, although their rulers supported them. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities In 16th-17th century some defensive walls was constructed in modern Tatarstan and Samara Oblast. Republic of Tatarstan (Респу́блика Татарста́н Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası is a federal subject of the Russian Samara Oblast (Сама́рская о́бласть Samarskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast)

One of the Kazan Tatars national heroes, Söyembikä, was ethnically Nogai. Söyembikä (also spelled Söyenbikä, Sujumbike;; Cyrillic Сөембикә) (1516 &ndash after 1554 was a Tatar ruler Xanbikä

Today Nogais are not included to Tatars term, Nogais are independent ethnos.

Qundra Tatars

Some groups of Nogais emigrated to Middle Volga, where were (are) assimilated by Volga Tatars (in terms of language).

Karachays

The Karachays who number 18,500 in the upper valleys about Elburz live by agriculture. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High

Today Karachays are the independent ethnos, one of the main nation in Karachay-Cherkessia. Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Карача́ево-Черке́сская респу́блика Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай-Черкес Республика

Siberian Tatars

Main article: Siberian Tatars

The Siberian Tatars were estimated (1895) at 80,000 of Turkic stock, and about 40,000 had Uralic or Ugric ancestry. The Siberian Tatars are a sub-group of the Tatars, sometimes considered a separate ethnic group Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year They occupy three distinct regions—a strip running west to east from Tobolsk to Tomsk—the Altay and its spurs—and South Yeniseisk. Tobolsk (Тобо́льск Tatar: Tubıl) is a historic capital of Siberia, now an ordinary town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Tomsk (Томск is a city on the Tom River in the southwest of Siberian Federal District, Russia, the administrative centre of The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, They originated in the agglomerations of Turkic stems that, in the region north of the Altay, reached some degree of culture between the 4th and the 5th centuries, but were subdued and enslaved by the Mongols.

Baraba Tatars

Sometimes Siberian Tatars refers only to Baraba Tatar, as a part of Tatar nation, a Muslim people that speak dialects of Tatar language, but not another. The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars.

The Baraba Tatars take their name from one of their stems (Barama) and number about 50,000 in the government of Tobolsk and about 5000 in Tomsk. Tobolsk (Тобо́льск Tatar: Tubıl) is a historic capital of Siberia, now an ordinary town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. Tomsk (Томск is a city on the Tom River in the southwest of Siberian Federal District, Russia, the administrative centre of After a strenuous resistance to Russian conquest, and much suffering at a later period from Kyrgyz and Kalmyk raids, they now live by agriculture—either in separate villages or along with Russians. The Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz) are a Turkic Ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan.

After colonisation of Siberia by Russian and Volga Tatars, Baraba Tatars used to call themselves people of Tomsk, later Moslems, and came to call themselves Tatars only in 20th century.

Chulym Tatars

Main article: Chulyms

The Chulym, or Cholym Tatars live on the Chulym, and both of the rivers Yus. The Chulyms, also Chulym Tatars, ( Чулымцы in Russian; self-designation Чулымские люди, the Russian phrase for Chulymian They speak a Turkic language with many Mongol and Yakut words and are more like Mongols than Turks. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family In the 19th century they paid a tribute for 2550 arbaletes, but they now are rapidly becoming fused with Russians.

See: Chulym language

Abakan Tatars

Minusinsk Tatars
Minusinsk Tatars
Main article: Khakass

The Abakan (or Minusinsk) Tatars occupied the steppes on the Abakan and Yus in the 17th century, after the withdrawal of the Kyrgyz, and represent a mixture with Kaibals (whom Castrén considers as partly of Ostiak and partly Samoyedic origin) and Beltirs—also of Finnic origin. Chulym (Russian Чулымский язык also known as Chulim, Chulym-Turkic, Küerik, Chulym Tatar or Melets Tatar (not The Khakas, or Khakass, are a Turkic people, who live in Russia, in the republic of Khakassia in the southern Siberia. Abakan (Абака́н the Khakas word for 'bear's blood' is a River in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia formed by the confluence The Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz) are a Turkic Ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. Matthias Alexander Castrén ( December 2 1813 - May 7 1853) was a Finnish Ethnologist and Philologist. Finnic peoples ( Fennic) are a historical linguistic group of peoples Baltic Finns who are Native speakers of Baltic-Finnic Their language is also mixed. They are known under the name of Sagais, who numbered 11,720 in 1864, and are the purer Turkic stem of the Minusinsk Tatars, Kaibals, and Kizil (or Red) Tatars. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Formerly shamanists, they now are, nominally at least, adherents of the Russian Orthodox Church and support themselves mostly by cattle-breeding. Agriculture is spreading, but slowly, among them. They still prefer to plunder the stores of bulbs of Lilium martagon, Paeonia, and Erythronium dens-canis laid up by the steppe mouse (Mus socialis). Erythronium is a Genus of Bulbous spring-flowering perennials The Soyotes (or Soyons), of the Sayan mountains (estimated at 8000), who are Finns mixed with Turks; the Uryankhes of north-west Mongolia, who are of Turkic origin but follow Buddhism; and the Karagasses, also of Turkic origin and much like the Kyrgyz, but reduced now to a few hundreds, are akin to the above. According to the 2002 Census, there were 2769 Soyots in Russia. The Sayan Mountains (Саяны Sayany; Kokmen Mountains during the period of the Göktürks) are a Mountain range in southern Finnic peoples ( Fennic) are a historical linguistic group of peoples Baltic Finns who are Native speakers of Baltic-Finnic The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirgiz, Kirghiz) are a Turkic Ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan.

Today Abakan Tatars of Kirghiz terms are extinct, used own names only.

See more: Khakass, Tuvans, Altays

Northern Altay Tatars

The Tatars of the northern slopes of the Altay (nearly 20,000 in number) are of Finnish origin. The Khakas, or Khakass, are a Turkic people, who live in Russia, in the republic of Khakassia in the southern Siberia. Tuvans or Tuvinians ( Tuvan: Тывалар Tyvalar) are a group of Mongols or Turkic people. The Altay or Altai are an ethnic group of Turkic people living in the Siberian Altai Republic and Altai Krai and surrounding areas The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, They comprise some hundreds of Kumandintses, the Lebed Tatars, the Chernevyie or Black-Forest Tatars and the Shors (11,000), descendants of the Kuznetsk or Iron-Smith Tatars. Shors or Shorians (Шорцы also transliterated as Shorts, Shortses) are a people in the Kemerovo Oblast in Russia. They are chiefly hunters, passionately loving their taiga, or wild forests, and have maintained their shaman religion and tribal organization into suoks. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests They also live partly on pine nuts and honey collected in the forests. Pine nuts are the edible Seeds of Pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus) Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Their traditional dress is that of their former rulers, the Kalmucks, and their language contains many Mongol words.

Altayans

The Altay Tatars, or Altayans, comprise

Term Tatars is extinct for this peoples.

Although Turkestan and Central Asia were formerly known as Independent Tartary, it is not now usual to call the Sarts, Kyrgyz and other inhabitants of those countries Tatars, nor is the name usually given to the Yakuts of Eastern Siberia. Turkestan (literally meaning "Land of the Turks" is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. Yakuts, self-designation Sakha, are a Turkic -speaking people associated with the Sakha (Yakutia Republic.

Generic meaning

The name Tatars was originally applied to both the Turkic and Mongol tribes which invaded Europe six centuries ago, and gradually extended to the Turkic tribes mixed with Mongolian or Uralic-speaking peoples in Siberia. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving It is used at present in two senses:

Authorities

Bibliographical indexes may be found in the Geographical Dictionary of P. Semenov, appended to the articles devoted respectively to the names given above, as also in the yearly Indexes by M. Mezhov and the Oriental Bibliography of Lucian Scherman. Besides the well-known works of Castren, which are a very rich source of information on the subject, Schiefner (St Petersburg Academy of Sciences), Donner, Ahlqvist and other explorers of the Uralic and Altaic languages and peoples, as also those of the Russian historians Soloviev, Kostomarov, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Schapov, and Ilovaiskiy, the following containing valuable information may be mentioned:

Various scattered articles on Tatars will be found in the Revue orientale pour les Etudes Oural-Altaïques, and in the publications of the university of Kazan. Kazan State University is located in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. See also E. H. Parker, A Thousand Years of the Tartars, 1895 (chiefly a summary of Chinese accounts of the early Turkic and Tatar tribes), and Skrine and Ross, Heart of Asia (1899). (P. A. K. ; C. EL. )

See also

References and notes

  1. ^ a b c d Tatar. (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Retrieved October 28, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9071375
  2. ^ Mongolia. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Retrieved October 28, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-27420
  3. ^ Rorlich, A. The origins of the Volga Tatars. (Stanford University, 1986)
  4. ^ Great Soviet Encyclopedia, article on Tatarstan. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia ( Большая Советская Энциклопедия, or БСЭ; transliterated Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya

External links

Dictionary

Tatars

-noun

  1. Plural form of Tatar.
  2. The Tatars collectively, the Tatar people.
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