| Tashkent Uzbek: Toshkent, Тошкент Russian: Ташкент |
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Tashkent
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | |
| Province | Tashkent Province |
| Settled | 5th to 3rd centuries BC |
| Population (2006) | |
| - Total | 1,967,879 (inofficially - 3 mln) |
| Time zone | (UTC+5) |
| Website: http://www.tashvil.gov.uz/ | |
Tashkent (Uzbek: Toshkent, Тошкент; Russian: Ташкент, Turkish: Taşkent) is the capital of Uzbekistan and also of the Tashkent Province. Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Toshkent Province (Toshkent viloyati Тошкент вилояти is a Viloyat (province of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country between UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly Toshkent Province (Toshkent viloyati Тошкент вилояти is a Viloyat (province of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country between The officially registered population of the city in 2006 was 2. 1 million. According to unofficial data, the population is more than 3 million.
In medieval times the town and the province were known as "Chach". Later, the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City. " (Tash in Turkic language means stone. Kand, qand, kent, kad, kath, kud--all meaning a city, are derived from the Sogdian, kanda, meaning a town or a city. They are found in city names like Samarkand, Yarkand, Penjikent etc. Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of ).
After the 16th century, the name was steadily changed slightly from Chachkand/Chashkand to Tashkand, which, as "stone city", was more meaningful to the new inhabitants than the old name. The modern spelling of Tashkent reflects Russian orthography.
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Tashkent is located in a well watered plain to the west of the last Altai mountains on the road between Shymkent and Samarkand. The Altai Mountains (Алтай Altay; Алтай 阿尔泰山脉 are a Mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, Shymkent (Шымкент is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Tashkent sits at the confluence of the Chirchik river and several of its tributaries and is built on deep alluvial deposits (up to 15 metres). It is a lively tectonic area suffering large numbers of tremors and some earthquakes. One earthquake in 1966 measured 7. 5 on the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released The local time in Tashkent is UTC/GMT +5 hours.
Tashkent started as an oasis on the Chirchik River, near the foothills of the Golestan Mountains. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically Golestān ( گلستان) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy. Kangju (Chinese 康居 was the name of an ancient people and the kingdom they established in central Asia [1]
The principality of Chach, whose main town had a square citadel built around the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, some 8 kilometers (5 mi) south of the Syr Darya River. Classification A square (regular Quadrilateral) is a special case of a Rectangle as it has four right angles and equal parallel sides Syr Darya (Сырдария Сирдарё Sirdaryoسيردريا also transliterated Syrdarya or Sirdaryo) is a River in Central Asia By the 7th century AD, Chach had over 30 towns and a network of over 50 canals, forming a trade center between the Sogdians and Turkic nomads. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. History Hellenistic period The Sogdian Rock or Rock of Ariamazes a fortress in Sogdiana was captured in 327 BC by the forces of Alexander the Great The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The region came under the sway of Islam in the early parts of the 8th century. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.
Hsien-tsang (Xuanzang) mentioned the name of the city as Zhe-shi. See also Xuanzang (fictional character Xuanzang ( pronounced Shwan-dzang) was a famous Chinese Buddhist Monk, scholar traveler The Chinese chronicles Sujshu, Bejshu and Tanshu mention a possession called Shi or Zheshi with a capital with the same name since the V c. AD [Bichurin, 1950. v. II].
Under the Samanid dynasty, the city came to be known as Binkath. The Samanids (819–999 ( Sāmāniyān) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan, named after its founder Saman A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations However, the Arabs retained the old name of Chach for the surrounding region, pronouncing it al-Shash instead. The modern Turkic name of Tashkent (City of Stone) comes from Kara-Khanid rule in the 10th century. This article refers to the Turkic state Kara-Khanid Khanate (also designated as Qarakhanids
The city was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1219, although the great conqueror had found that the Khorezmshah had already sacked the city in 1214. Genghis Khan ( or;, Chinggis Khaan, ʧiŋgɪs χaːŋ Činggis Qaɣan; 1162–1227 born (meaning "ironworker" was the Mongol founder The Khwarezmian Empire, more commonly known as the empire of the Khwarezm Shahs ( Khwārezmšhāḥīān, "Kings of Khwarezmia " Under the Timurids and subsequent Shaybanid dynasties the city revived, despite occasional attacks by the Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Persians, Mongols, Oirats and Kalmyks. The Shaybanid dynasty was a 16th-century Uzbek dynasty founded by Muhammad Shaybani. The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар qɑzɑqtɑr Russian: Казахи the English name is transliterated layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox This article deals with the Oirat ethnic group For the obsolete term for the Turkic Altays see Altay people. Kalmyk redirects here for the breed of cattle see Kalmyk (cattle.
In 1809, Tashkent was annexed to the Khanate of Kokand. The Khanate of Kokand ( Uzbek: Qo'qon Xonligi) was a state in Central Asia that existed from 1709&ndash1876 within the territory of modern Uzbekistan At the time, Tashkent had a population of around 100,000 and was considered the richest city in Central Asia. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south It prospered greatly through trade to Russia, but chafed under Kokand’s high taxes. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Tashkent clergy also favored the clergy of Bukhara over that of Kokand. Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky However, before the Emir of Bukhara could capitalize on this discontent, the Russian army arrived. Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر)
In May 1865, General Mikhail Grigorevich Chernyayev (Cherniaev), acting against the direct orders of the tsar, and outnumbered at least 15-1 staged a daring night attack against a city with a wall 25 kilometers (16 mi) long with 11 gates and 30,000 defenders. Mikhail Grigorievich Chernyayev ( Russian: Михайл Григорьевич Черняев 24 October 1828 - 16 August 1898) was Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. While a small contingent staged a diversionary attack, the main force penetrated the walls, led by a Russian Orthodox priest armed only with a crucifix. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Although defense was stiff, the Russians captured the city after two days of heavy fighting and the loss of only 25 dead as opposed to several thousand of the defenders (including Alimqul, the ruler of the Kokand Khanate). `Alimqul (also spelt Alimkul, Alim quli, Alim kuli) (ca 1833 - 1865 was the warlord in Kokand Khanate, and its de facto ruler in 1863-65 Chernyayev, dubbed the "Lion of Tashkent" by city elders, staged a "hearts-and-minds" campaign to win the population over. He abolished taxes for a year, rode unarmed through the streets and bazaars meeting common people, and appointed himself "Military Governor of Tashkent", recommending to Tsar Alexander II that the city be made an independent khanate under Russian protection. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St
The Tsar liberally rewarded Chernyayev and his men with medals and bonuses, but regarded the impulsive general as a "loose cannon", and soon replaced him with General Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman. Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman (Константин Петрович фон-Кауфман in Russian) ( 1818 - 1882) was the first Governor-General Far from granting Tashkent its independence, Tashkent became the capital of the new territory of Russian Turkistan, with Kaufman as first Governor-General. Russian Turkestan ( Russian: Русский Туркестан also known as Turkestansky Krai (Туркестанский край was Turkestan within A cantonment and Russian settlement were built across the Ankhor Canal from the old city, and Russian settlers and merchants poured in. Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a Tashkent was a center of espionage in the Great Game rivalry between Russia and the United Kingdom over Central Asia. For the film see The Great Game (film The Great Game was a term used for the strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Trans-Caspian Railway arrived in 1889, and the railway workers who built it settled in Tashkent as well, bringing with them the seeds of Bolshevik Revolution. The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, Russian Среднеазиатская железная дорога is a Railway that follows The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution
With the fall of the Russian Empire, a provisional government attempted to maintain control in Tashkent. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime It was quickly overthrown and local Muslim opposition crushed. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion In April 1918, Tashkent became the capital of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkestan ASSR). Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic) ( April 30, 1918 &ndash October 27, The new regime was threatened by White forces, basmachi, revolts from within, and purges ordered from Moscow. The Basmachi Revolt (Восстание басмачей or Basmachestvo (Басмачество was a Muslim and largely Turkic uprising against Russian Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Tashkent fell within the borders of the Uzbek SSR, and became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1930, displacing Samarkand. The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси O`zbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of
The city began to industrialize in the 1920s and 1930s, but industry increased tremendously during World War II, with the relocation of factories from western Russia to preserve the Soviet industrial capacity from the invading Nazis. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Russian population increased dramatically as well, with evacuees from the war zones increasing the population to well over a million. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending (The Russian community would eventually comprise nearly half of the total residents of Tashkent. )
On April 26 1966, Tashkent was destroyed by a huge earthquake (7. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer 5 on the Richter scale) and over 300,000 were left homeless. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released
At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Tashkent was the fourth largest city in the country and a center of learning in the science and engineering fields. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Tashkent was a very Soviet city, with few reminders of its position on the Silk Road or its 2000+ years of history. At the moment, it is the most cosmopolitan city in Uzbekistan, with large ethnic Russian minority. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The city is noted for its tree lined streets, numerous fountains, and pleasant parks. As capital of the nation, it has also been the target of several terrorist attacks since Uzbekistan gained independence, which the government has attributed to Islamic fundamentalists. The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered non-state Terrorism. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising Islamic fundamentalism Arabic: usul (from usul the "fundamentals"] is a term used to describe religious ideologies seen as advocating a return to the
Since 1991, the city has changed economically, culturally, and architecturally. The largest statue ever erected for Lenin was replaced with a globe, complete with a geographic map of Uzbekistan over it. Boring grey buildings from the Soviet era have been replaced with new, modern buildings. One example is the "Downtown Tashkent" region, which includes the 22-storey NBU Bank building, an Intercontinental Hotel, International Business Center, and the Plaza Building.
In 2007, Tashkent was named the cultural capital of the Islamic world[2] as the city is home to numerous historic mosques and religious establishments. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger
Due to the destruction of most of the ancient city during 1917 revolution and, later, to the 1966 earthquake, little remains of Tashkent's traditional architectural heritage. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Tashkent is, however, rich in museums and Soviet-era monuments.
Dating back to the reign of Abdullah Khan (1557-1598) it is currently being restored by the provincial Religious Board of Mawarannahr Moslems. Abdullah Khan is an Afghani held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba. Transoxiana (sometimes spelled Transoxania "河中“Chinese / Ma Wara'un-Nahr ( Arabic: ما وراء النهر / Farārood (فرارود A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion There is talk of making it into a museum, but it is currently being used as a mosque. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger
Near the Kukeldash Madrassa, this huge open air bazaar is the center of the old town of Tashkent. A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold Everything imaginable is for sale.
Contains the Uthman Qur'an, considered to be the oldest extant Qur'an in the world. The Uthman Qur'an (also referred to as Tashkent Qur'an and Osman's Koran) is a Manuscripted copy of the Qur'an, which was (until the discovery The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Dating from 655 and stained with the blood of murdered caliph Uthman, it was brought by Timur to Samarkand, seized by the Russians as a war trophy and taken to Saint Petersburg. Uthman (a=عثمان|t=Othman Osman Usman Ozman is a male Arabic given name meaning "the chosen one amongst the tribe of brave and noble people" "honest" Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River It was returned to Uzbekistan in 1989.
A group of three 15th century mausoleums, restored in the 19th century. A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons The biggest is the grave of Yunus Khan, grandfather of Mughal Empire founder Babur. Yunus Khan (c 1416&ndash1487 was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most Babur ( February 14 1483 - December 26 1530) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who following a series of setbacks
During the 19th century Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich (1850-1918), a first cousin of Alexander III of Russia was banished to Tashkent for some shady deals involving the Russian Crown Jewels. Grand Duke Nicholas Constantinovich ( 14 February 1850 &ndash 26 January 1918) was the first-born son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor His palace still survives in the centre of the city. Once a museum, it has been appropriated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Built by the same architect who designed Lenin's Tomb in Moscow, Aleksey Shchusev, and built with Japanese prisoner of war labor in World War II, this theatre hosts Russian ballet and opera. Alexey Viktorovich Shchusev (Алексе́й Ви́кторович Щу́сев September 26, 1873, Kishinev &mdash May 24, 1949 The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto
Contains a major collection of art from the pre-Russian period, including Sogdian murals, Buddhist statues and Zoroastrian art, along with a more modern collection of 19th and 20th century applied art, such as suzani embroidered hangings. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Applied art refers to the application of Design and Aesthetics to objects of function and everyday use Of more interest is the large collection of paintings "borrowed" from the Hermitage by Grand Duke Romanov to decorate his palace in exile in Tashkent, and never returned. The State Hermitage Museum (Государственный Эрмитаж Gosudarstvennyj Èrmitaž) in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest Behind the museum is a small park, containing the neglected graves of the Bolsheviks who died in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and to Ossipov's treachery in 1919, along with first Uzbekistani President Yuldush Akhunbabayev. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Ossipov may refer to Artur Ossipov Ossipov State Russian Folk Orchestra
Housed in a traditional house originally commissioned for a wealthy tsarist diplomat, the house itself is the main attraction, rather than its collection of 19th and 20th century applied arts. Applied art refers to the application of Design and Aesthetics to objects of function and everyday use
Tashkent's largest museum, housed in the ex-Lenin Museum.
An impressive building with brilliant blue dome and ornate interior (see photo to the right). The Amir Timur Museum is a Museum in the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Inside, the exhibits of Timur and of President Islom Karimov vie for the visitor's attention. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Islom Abdug‘aniyevich Karimov (in Cyrillic Uzbek: Ислом Абдуғаниевич Каримов; in Russian: Ислам Абдуганиевич The gardens outside contain a statue of Timur on horseback, surrounded by some of the nicest gardens and fountains in the city.
A commemoration of Uzbekistan's adopted literary hero, Alisher Navoi, with replica manuscripts, Persian calligraphy and 15th century miniature paintings. Nizām al-Din ʿAlī Shīr Herawī ( Chagatai / Alisher Navoiy ( 9 February 1441 &ndash 3 January 1501) was a Central Asian Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17
Famous cyclist Djamolidine Abdoujaparov and footballer Vassilis Hatzipanagis were born in the city. Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (born 28 February 1964 in Tashkent) is a former professional Road racing cyclist from Uzbekistan. Vassilis Hatzipanagis (Βασίλης Χατζηπαναγής (born October 26, 1954 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan) is a retired Football Tennis player Denis Istomin was born and lives in the city. (born September 7, 1986 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, USSR) is an Uzbekistani professional tennis player