Tarnobrzeg - Citizendia

Tarnobrzeg

Main Square

Flag

Coat of arms

Tarnobrzeg

Coordinates: 50°35′N 21°41′E / 50.583, 21.683

Country

Poland

Voivodeship

Subcarpathian

County

city county

Town rights

1593

Government

- Mayor

Jan Dziubiński

Area

- Total

85. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Subcarpathian Voivodeship (also known as Podkarpacie Province or by its Polish name of województwo podkarpackie or simply Podkarpackie) is a A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 km² (33. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)

Elevation

160 m (525 ft)

Population (2006)

- Total

50,033

- Density

584. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5/km² (1,513. 8/sq mi)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

- Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code

39-400

Area code(s)

+48 015

Car plates

Website: http://www.tarnobrzeg.pl/

Tarnobrzeg [tarˈnɔbʐɛk] (Yiddish: דזיקאוו-Jikov) is a town in south-eastern Poland, on the east bank of the river Vistula, with 51,300 inhabitants (2001). Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship (Polish: Województwo Podkarpackie) since 1999, it had previously been the capital of Tarnobrzeg Voivodship (1975-1998). Subcarpathian Voivodeship (also known as Podkarpacie Province or by its Polish name of województwo podkarpackie or simply Podkarpackie) is a Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship ( Polish: województwo tarnobrzeskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975 - 1998 Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

1 Economy
- 1.1 Sulphur mining
2 History
3 Extinct Jewish Community of Tarnobrzeg
4 Sister cities
5 See also

Economy

Sulphur mining

The city was a major center for the mining and processing of sulphur and sulphuric acid. Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. However, its mines have since closed having been deemed uneconomic. The mine in Piaseczno was closed first, followed by the Machów mine (after 40 years of working — it had been the biggest open-cast sulphur mine in Europe), and finally the Jeziórko mine in the 1990s. Piaseczno is a town in central Poland with 32610 inhabitants ( 2005) The Jeziórko mine stayed open as long as it did because of the introduction of the modern Frasch process of sulphur extraction. The Frasch process is a method to extract Sulfur from underground deposits Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16

Since the 1980s, the land in the mining areas has gradually been reclaimed. Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices One involves creating new land from sea- or riverbeds the other refers to restoring an area to a more natural state (such as after The Machów mine has been filled with water to form a reservoir used for recreation, and the same is happening with the Jeziórko mine — it is being slowly filled from the nearby Vistula river.

History

Tarnobrzeg was founded in 1593, during the golden age of Poland, to become the residence of the regional Tarnowski "szlachta" (noble family) whose head is known as Count Tarnow. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Tarnowski (plural Tarnowscy) is the surname of a Polish Szlachta (nobility family In 1772, it became part of the Austrian Empire and remained part of this country until 1918. Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common World War I brought disaster to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Galician Poland. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Tarnobrzeg, located very close to the Russian-Austrian border, sustained heavy damage during World War I by invading armies.

In the aftermath of World War I, the short-lived Republic of Tarnobrzeg was declared here, and in 1919, it became part of a newly independent Second Polish Republic. The Republic of Tarnobrzeg (Polish Republika Tarnobrzeska) was a short-lived entity proclaimed November 6 1918 in the Polish town of Tarnobrzeg. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The city suffered significant emigration within the former Austrian empire and elsewhere during the interbellum years (1919-1939). About 6,000,000 Poles of various ethnicities - including many inhabitants of Tarnobrzeg and surrounding areas - were casualties of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

A public school system was founded here during the time it was part of the Austrian Empire. To a great extent, this system established the literacy and culture of pre-World War I Tarnobrzeg and other similar Austrian-ruled Polish municipalities.

The nearest larger city of importance is Rzeszów, 75 km to the south. Rzeszów (Ряшiв Reichshof Resovia ריישע- Reisha) is a city in south-eastern Poland with a population of 170722 (2008 granted a town charter in 1354 This is the capital city for the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Subcarpathian Voivodeship (also known as Podkarpacie Province or by its Polish name of województwo podkarpackie or simply Podkarpackie) is a Travel to and from the one-time Imperial capital of Vienna was through Krakow. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Railway service was established in later years of the Empire; Tarnobrzeg is located on the secondary-importance line between Debica and Sandomierz. Dębica Lublin Voivodeship Dębica (דעמביץ- Dembitz) is a town in southeastern Poland with 47187 inhabitants (2005 Sandomierz (Sandomir Sandomiria is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25714 inhabitants ( 2006)

In the 1950s, after geological research into fuel deposits, significant sulfur resources were discovered. Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 From early 1960s the city grew rapidly: the population rose from 5,000 to almost 50,000.

Extinct Jewish Community of Tarnobrzeg

Pre-Holocaust Tarnobrzeg, a shtetl of western Galicia, was home to a thriving and traditional Jewish community. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as A shtetl (שטעטל diminutive form of Yiddish shtot שטאָט "town" pronounced very similarly to the South German diminutive "Städtle" "little Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Tarnobrzeg is situated in a region of Poland that is not close to the better-known larger Jewish communities of Poland (itself home to over 3,000,000 Jewish citizens before World War II) that were located in cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Lublin, Lvov-Lemberg, and many others. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Jews of Poland had arrived from German and French lands as a direct result of the atrocities of the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Jews had been formerly been welcomed during Poland's former golden age. In sum, the History of Jews in Poland is confluent with the history of Tarnobrzeg. The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. Jewish inhabitants of Tarnobrzeg, and their descendents, are considered Galitzianers or Galician Jews. Galician Jews or Galitzianer Jews are a subdivision of the Ashkenazim geographically originating from Galicia, from western Ukraine (current Galician Jews or Galitzianer Jews are a subdivision of the Ashkenazim geographically originating from Galicia, from western Ukraine (current Before 1939, Tarnobrzeg was administered by Austria-Hungary. Between 1939 and 1945, i. e. , during the Holocaust and World War II, Galicia was administered under the German General Gouvernment, a Nazi administration. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation Following World War II Galicia was permanently split between eastern/Russian and western/Polish sectors.

Prior to World War I, Tarnobrzeg as part of Galicia was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire, based in Vienna. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The 19th century after 1815 was, across Europe, a period of relative peace and stability following the conclusion of the extremely violent French Napoleonic Wars, themselves echoes of the military might of Louis XIV in an earlier century, which threatened political regimes everywhere. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Due to progressive initiatives following Napoleonic times, Tarnobrzeg citizens including the Jewish Community benefited from compulsory free public education mandated by the Austrian Emperor. The same was not true for other Polish Jewry situated in, e. g. , Danzig or Warsaw, areas outside of Galicia. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Compulsory public education was opposed by some Jewish religious authorities who believed that traditional Jewish Torah and Talmud studies should not even be partially supplanted by secular instruction. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history

The political stability which ended in Tarnobrzeg and surrounding areas with the collapse of the Austrian Empire as a result of World War I portended a difficult future for Tarnobrzeg's Jews. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Although atrocities and population displacements during World War II dominate the history of Tarnobrzeg's Jews, deportations during World War I to trans-Ural Russia were also highly disruptive and destroyed much of the established community. Many emigration to the United States or Palestine. In sum, although many Jews returned to Tarnobrzeg and surrounding towns following World War I, Tarnobrzeg and surrounding towns were no longer prosperous nor hospitable for Jews after World War I and the end of Franz-Josef-ruled Austro-Hungary rule. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Nearby shtetlach (Jewish or Yiddish-language plural of shtetl) of, e. g. , Rozwadow and Ulanow had many commercial and family ties to Tarnobrzeg. Rozwadów Lublin Voivodeship Rozwadów (ראָזוועדאָוו- Rozvedov) is a suburb of Stalowa Wola, Poland. There were several affinity groups among the thriving Jewish population before World War II, including Hasidic, Zionist, Bundist (Socialist), and others. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Many Jewish citizens of Tarnobrzeg emigrated to Palestine, later to become Israel during the pre-World War II period. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.

Prominent Tarnobrzeg citizen Moses Hauser, who was Jewish, was a centenarian whose lifespan nearly coincided with the 19th century. Hauser was a wealthy businessman, trader, and landholder dating from Napoleonic times through the reign of Austrian Emperor Franz Josef. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The phrase Emperor of Austria describes an Hereditary Imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Austrian Habsburg Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November His life is documented in a Yizkor (Memorial) Book published by Tarnobrzeg elders following the Holocaust. Hauser was father to twelve children and many descendents living in the United States, Israel, and elsewhere.

The atrocities committed by gentiles against Jewish citizens of Tarnobrzeg during the Holocaust obliged them to choose between a limited number of mortally dangereous escape routes or alternatively to perish by remaining. Very few people, if any, were known to have survived as Jews in Tarnobrzeg, where they would have needed to be hidden by righteous gentiles. Righteous among the Nations (חסידי אומות העולם Chassidey Umot HaOlam) which may at times refer to the B'nei Noah or Noahides as well is a term used Those migrating eastward to communist Russia had to choose between permanent communist citizenship, service in the Red Army in its battle against the German Axis, and loss of freedom to subsequently leave Russia or alternatively to become displaced persons known as DPs. A displaced person (sometimes abbreviated DP) is a person who has been forced to leave his or her native place a phenomenon known as Forced migration. DPs were temporarily relocated by the Russian government to work camps in Siberia, there to wait out the war. Many DPs perished owing to extremely rugged conditions for which they were unprepared, and poor supplies available in wartime trans-Ural Russian Asia. Those who survived were permitted to depart Russian lands following World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Contents

Economy

Sulphur mining

History

Extinct Jewish Community of Tarnobrzeg

Sister cities

See also