| Names | |
|---|---|
| Xìng 姓: | Táo 陶 |
| Míng 名: | Qián 潛, or Yuānmíng 淵明 |
| Zì 字: | Yuánliàng 元亮, or Yuānmíng 淵明 |
| Hào 號: | Wǔliǔ Xiānsheng 五柳先生 (Five Willows) |
| Shì 謚: | Jìngjié 靖節 |
Portrait of Tao Qian, by Chen Hongshou (1599-1652)
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- For the Han Dynasty's governor, see Tao Qian (Three Kingdoms). Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Chinese family name is one of the hundreds or thousands of Family names that have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic Chinese given names ( Chinese: 名字 Pinyin: míngzì are often made up of one or two characters Unlike Western personal names there is great variety A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. Tao Qian (132-194 was governor of Xu province (徐州 during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China.
Tao Qian (traditional Chinese: 陶潛; simplified Chinese: 陶潜; pinyin: Táo Qián; Wade-Giles: T'ao Ch'ien, 365–427), also known as Tao Yuanming (陶淵明), born in modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi, was one of the most influential pre-Tang Dynasty Chinese poets. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Events By place Roman Empire July 21 — An earthquake and Tsunami devastates Crete, Alexandria Events By Place Asia Pyongyang is declared the capital of Goguryeo by king Jangsu. Jiujiang (, formerly called Kiukiang, is a Prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River (ChangJiang in northwest The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by ≈ Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the Chinese language.
He came from a notable family which had descended into poverty; when young, he was torn between ambition and a desire to retreat into solitude. His great-grandfather was the famous Eastern Jin general and governor, Tao Kan. The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties Tao Kan (陶侃 (259-334 Courtesy name Shixing (士行 formally Duke Huan of Changsha (長沙桓公 was a renowned Jin Dynasty (265-420 He served in a series of minor posts, but his sister's death, as well as disgust at the corruption and infighting of the Jin Court prompted his resignation, convincing him that life was too short to compromise on his principles; as he put it himself, he would not "bow like a servant in return for five bushels of grain" ("為五斗米折腰" has entered common usage to mean "swallowing one's pride in exchange for a meagre existence". The Jìn Dynasty ( 265 – 420) one of the Six Dynasties, followed the Three Kingdoms period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties 'Five bushels of grain' refers to the salary of a low-ranking official). He lived in retirement for his last 22 years.
Approximately 130 of his works survive. Most of them were poems or essays, which depict an idyllic pastoral life of farming and drinking; because of this he would later be termed the "Poet of the Fields". Pastoral, as an adjective refers to the lifestyle of Shepherds and Pastoralists moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability While his poems were not influential in his time, they would later be a major influence on the poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
Apart from his poems, Tao is perhaps best known today for his short but intriguing depiction (in prose) of a land hidden from the outside world called "Peach Blossom Spring" (桃花源記). For the Wikipedia guideline regarding editing articles see WikipediaManual of Style. The name Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源 Tao Hua Yuan) has since become the standard Chinese term for 'utopia'. Utopia is a name for an ideal community taken from the title of a book written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional Island in the
Contents |
Translation
Editions
- Meng Erdong ed. Tao Yuanming Ji Yi Zhu ISBN 7-80626-064-1.
- Wu Zheshun ed. Tao Yuanming Ji ISBN 7-80520-683-X
- David Hinton (translator). The Selected Poems of T'ao Ch'ien. ISBN 1-55659-056-3.
- Pohl (translator). Der Pfirsichbluetenquell. Bochum University Press 2002.
- Davis, A. R. , T'ao Yuan-ming, Hong Kong, 1983. 2 vols.
Commentary
- Hightower, James R. Poetry of T'ao Ch'ien. ISBN 0-19-815440-2.
- Ziaofei Tan. Tao Yuanming and Manuscript Culture: The Record of a Dusty Table. ISBN 978-0295985534.
References
- Liao, Zhongan, "Tao Yuanming". Encyclopedia of China (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed. The Encyclopedia of China ( "China Great Encyclopedia" is the first large-entry modern Encyclopedia in the Chinese language.
External links
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