Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Uhuru na Umoja"  (Swahili) "Freedom and Unity"
Anthem: Mungu ibariki Afrika "God Bless Africa"
Capital		Dodoma
Largest city		Dar es Salaam
Official languages		Swahili (de facto)
Demonym		Tanzanian
Government		Republic
-	President	Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete
-	Prime Minister	Mizengo Pinda
Independence		from the United Kingdom
-	Tanganyika	December 9, 1961
-	Zanzibar	December 10, 1963
-	Merger	April 26, 1964
Area
-	Total	945,087 km² (31st) 364,898 sq mi
-	Water (%)	6. The flag of Tanzania was adopted in 1964. It derives from the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The coat of arms of Tanzania comprises a warrior’s shield which bears a golden portion on the upper part followed underneath by the Flag of Tanzania The golden portion A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "Mungu ibariki Afrika" is the National anthem of Tanzania. Dodoma (translation "It has sunk" in Gogo) officially Dodoma Urban District, population 324347 (2002 census is the national Capital Population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven Density varies from 1 person per square kilometre (3 per sq Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its This page contains a list of presidents of Tanzania. Last elections Presidents of Tanzania 1964-present Political Affiliation President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born October 7 1950) is a Tanzanian politician and current President of the United Republic of Tanzania List of the Heads of Government of Tanzania Political Affiliation CCM - Chama Cha Mapinduzi TANU - Tanganyika Mizengo Kayanza Peter Pinda (born August 12, 1948) is a Tanzanian politician who has been Prime Minister of Tanzania since February 2008 Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 2
Population
-	November 2006 estimate	37,849,1331 (32nd)
-	2002 census	35,214,888
-	Density	41/km² (159th) 106/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$27. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 12 billion (99th)
-	Per capita	$1,100 (178th)
Gini (2000–01)		34. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 6 (medium capital = Dar es Salaam)
HDI (2005)		▲ 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 467 (low) (159th)
Currency		Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Time zone		EAT (UTC+3)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+3)
Internet TLD		.tz
Calling code		+255²
1 Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. Daylight saving time ( DST A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E ² 007 from Kenya and Uganda. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa.

Tanzania IPA: /ˌtænzəˈniːə/,^[1] officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south. Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the Burundi (buˈɾundi officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. The Republic of Malawi (məˈlɑːwi or; formerly Nyasaland) is in southern Africa. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa To the east it borders the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface

The country's name is a portmanteau of Tanganyika, the large mainland territory, and Zanzibar, the offshore archipelago. Tanganyika is the name of an East African territory lying between the largest of the African great lakes Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the The two former British colonies united in 1964, forming the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which later the same year was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. ^[2]

In 1996 government offices were transferred from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma, making Dodoma the country's political capital. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Dodoma (translation "It has sunk" in Gogo) officially Dodoma Urban District, population 324347 (2002 census is the national Capital Dar es Salaam remains the principal commercial city. ^[2][3]

Contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Regions and districts 4 Geography 5 Environment 6 Economy 7 Demographics 8 Languages 9 Culture 10 Media 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Tanzania

What is now Tanzania was a colony and part of Germany from the 1880s to 1919. The East African nation of Tanzania dates formally only from 1964 Under the League of Nations, the area became a British Mandate from 1919 to 1961. It served as a military outpost during World War II and provided financial help as well as munitions. Julius Nyerere became Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and continued as Prime Minister when Tanganyika became independent in 1961. Tanganyika and neighbouring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, merged to form the nation of Tanzania on April 26, 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Having been essentially a socialist state soon after independence, Tanzanian economic aid went hand in hand with structural adjustment conditionalities that deteriorated the nation's economy. This deterioration was due to a sudden shift to capitalism when the societal and economic framework of the nation was a socialist one. During the 80s Tanzanian GDP growth increased (due to SAPs) yet Human Development Indexes lowered. Tanzania still struggles with economic development yet its outlook is positive due to increasing natural resource exports.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Tanzania

Tanzania's president and National Assembly members are elected concurrently by direct popular vote for five-year terms. Politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic Republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is Most members of the Bunge Tanzania 's National Assembly, are elected concurrently by direct popular vote for 5-year terms The president appoints a prime minister who serves as the government's leader in the National Assembly. The president selects his cabinet from among National Assembly members. The Constitution also empowers him to nominate ten non-elected members of Parliament, who also are eligible to become cabinet members. Elections for president and all National Assembly seats were held in December 2005.

The unicameral National Assembly elected in 2000 has 295 members. These 295 members include the Attorney General, five members elected from the Zanzibar House of Representatives to participate in the Parliament, the special women's seats which are made up of 20% of the seats a particular party has in the House, 181 constituents seats of members of Parliament from the mainland, and 50 seats from Zanzibar. Also in the list are forty-eight appointed for women and the seats for the 10 nominated members of Parliament. At present, the ruling CCM holds about 93% of the seats in the Assembly. Laws passed by the National Assembly are valid for Zanzibar only in specifically designated union matters.

Zanzibar's House of Representatives has jurisdiction over all non-union matters. There are currently seventy-six members in the House of Representatives in Zanzibar, including fifty elected by the people, ten appointed by the president of Zanzibar, five ex officio members, and an attorney general appointed by the president. In May 2002, the government increased the number of special seats allocated to women from ten to fifteen, which will increase the number of House of Representatives members to eighty-one. Ostensibly, Zanzibar's House of Representatives can make laws for Zanzibar without the approval of the union government as long as it does not involve union-designated matters. The terms of office for Zanzibar's president and House of Representatives also are five years. The semiautonomous relationship between Zanzibar and the union is a relatively unusual system of government.

Tanzania has a five-level judiciary combining the jurisdictions of tribal, Islamic, and British common law. Appeal is from the primary courts through the district courts, resident magistrate courts, to the high courts, and Court of Appeals. Judges are appointed by the Chief Justice, except those for the Court of Appeals and the High Court who are appointed by the president. The Zanzibari court system parallels the legal system of the union, and all cases tried in Zanzibari courts, except for those involving constitutional issues and Islamic law, can be appealed to the Court of Appeals of the union. A commercial court was established in September 1999 as a division of the High Court.

Regions and districts

Main articles: Regions of Tanzania and Districts of Tanzania

Tanzania is divided into 26 regions (mkoa), twenty-one on the mainland and five on Zanzibar (three on Unguja, two on Pemba). |||} Tanzania is divided into 26 Regions ( mkoa) (capitals in parentheses Arusha ( Arusha) Dar es Salaam Ninety-eight districts (wilaya), each with at least one council, have been created to further increase local authority; the councils are also known as local government authorities. The regions of Tanzania are divided into 127 districts The districts are listed below by region Arusha Arumeru Arusha Currently there are 114 councils operating in 99 districts; 22 are urban and 92 are rural. The 22 urban units are further classified as city councils (Dar es Salaam and Mwanza), municipal councils (Arusha, Dodoma, Iringa, Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, Morogoro, Shinyanga, Tabora, and Tanga) or town councils (the remaining eleven communities). Mwanza is a city in northwest Tanzania and a southern Port of Lake Victoria.

Tanzania's regions are: Arusha · Dar es Salaam · Dodoma · Iringa · Kagera · Kigoma · Kilimanjaro · Lindi · Manyara · Mara · Mbeya · Morogoro · Mtwara · Mwanza · Pemba North · Pemba South · Pwani · Rukwa · Ruvuma · Shinyanga · Singida · Tabora · Tanga · Zanzibar Central/South · Zanzibar North · Zanzibar Urban/West

For regions ranked by total area, land area and water area, see List of Tanzanian regions by area. Arusha is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. The regional capital and largest city is Arusha. Dar es Salaam Region is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. Dodoma is one of the regions of Tanzania. The region covers an area of 41310 km² and has 1698996 inhabitants (census of August 2002 Iringa is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. The regional capital is Iringa. Kagera Region is located in the northwestern corner of Tanzania. Kigoma is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. The regional capital is Kigoma. Kilimanjaro is one of the 26 regions in Tanzania. The capital of the region is Moshi. Lindi is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. The regional capital is also called Lindi. Manyara is one of the 26 Regions of Tanzania. Babati serves as the Region's capital Mara is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. The region is named after the Mara River. Mbeya is one of Tanzania 's 26 administrative regions. The regional capital is Mbeya. Morogoro Region is one of the regions of Tanzania. Its capital is Morogoro. This article is about the region for the city see Mtwara (city. Mwanza Region is one of the Regions of Tanzania. Its capital is Mwanza. Pemba North is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island the region's capital is Wete. Pemba South is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on Pemba Island, the region's capital is Mkoani. Pwani is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Kibaha serves as the region's capital Rukwa is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Sumbawanga serves as the region's capital Ruvuma is a region in Tanzania. It is named after the Ruvuma River which forms most of its southern boundary with Mozambique. Shinyanga Region is one of the regions of Tanzania. Its capital is Shinyanga. Singida is one of the regions of Tanzania. The region is bordered to the North by Shinyanga Region, to the Northeast by Manyara Region, to the East by Tabora Region is one of the regions of Tanzania. Its capital is Tabora town Tanga Region is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Its Regional Headquarters is in Tanga. Zanzibar Central/South is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Zanzibar, Koani serves as the region's capital Zanzibar North is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Zanzibar, Mkokotoni serves as the region's capital Zanzibar Urban/West is one of the 26 regions of Tanzania. Located on the island of Unguja, Zanzibar Town serves as the region's capital ||}This is a list of the administrative regions of Tanzania in order of their total area land area and water area

Geography

Main article: Geography of Tanzania

At 364,875 mi² (945,087 km²^[4]), Tanzania is the world's 31st-largest country (it comes after Egypt). Tanzania 's geography is one of the most varied and unique in the world it contains Africa 's highest point Mount Kilimanjaro (5895m as well as lakes mountains The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. It is comparable in size to Nigeria, and is slightly more than twice the size of the U. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal S. state of California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

Tanzania is mountainous in the north-east, where Mount Kilimanjaro *[2], Africa's highest peak, is situated. To the north and west are the Great Lakes of Lake Victoria (Africa's largest lake) and Lake Tanganyika (Africa's deepest lake, known for its unique species of fish). The Great Lakes of Africa are a series of Lakes in and around the geographic Great Rift Valley formed by the action of the tectonic East African Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. Lake Tanganyika is a large Lake in central Africa (3° 20' to 8° 48' South and from 29° 5' to 31° 15' East Central Tanzania comprises a large plateau, with plains and arable land. The eastern shore is hot and humid, with the island of Zanzibar lying just offshore.

Tanzania contains many large and ecologically significant wildlife parks *[3], including the famous Ngorongoro Crater, Serengeti National Park*[4] in the north, and Selous Game Reserve and Mikumi National Park in the south. This article is about a National Park for the geographic location see Serengeti The Serengeti National Park ( is Gombe National Park in the west is known as the site of Dr. Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, located at 4 40' S 29 38' E is the smallest of that country's national parks and was formed in 1968 to give protection Jane Goodall's studies of chimpanzee behavior. Dame Jane Goodall, DBE (born Valerie Jane Morris Goodall on 3 April 1934) is an English UN Messenger of Peace primatologist

The government of Tanzania through its department of tourism has embarked on a campaign to promote the Kalambo water falls in south-west Tanzania's region of Rukwa as one of Tanzania's many tourist destinations *[5]*[6]. The Kalambo falls are the second largest in Africa and are located near the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika.

Environment

Tanzania has considerable land area of wildlife habitat, including much of the Serengeti plain, where the white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi) and other bovids participate in a large scale annual migration. Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants animals and other organisms This article is about a geographical region for the National Park see Serengeti National Park The Serengeti ecosystem is located in north-western Tanzania A bovid is any of almost 140 species of Cloven-hoofed Mammals belonging to the family Bovidae. Up to 250,000 wildebeest perish each year in the long and arduous movement to find forage in the dry season. Tanzania is also home to 130 amphibian and over 275 reptile species, many of them strictly endemic and included in the IUCN Red lists of different countries^[5]. Tanzania has developed a Biodiversity Action Plan to address species conservation. This article is about a conservation biology topic For other uses of BAP see BAP (disambiguation.

Economy

Main articles: Economy of Tanzania and Transport in Tanzania

The economy is mostly based on agriculture, which accounts for more than half of GDP, provides 85% (approximately) of exports, and employs 80% (approximately) of the workforce. History Significant measures have been taken to liberalize the Tanzanian economy along market lines and encourage both foreign and domestic private Investment Transport in Tanzania is mainly road transport supplemented by rail Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Tanzania has vast amounts of natural resources including gold deposits and diamonds. Tanzania is also known for the Tanzanite gemstones. Tanzania has dozens of beautiful national parks like the world famous Serengeti and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, that generate income with a large tourism sector that plays a vital part in the economy. This article is about a geographical region for the National Park see Serengeti National Park The Serengeti ecosystem is located in north-western Tanzania Growth from 1991 to 1999 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Commercial production of natural gas from the Songo Songo island in the Indian Ocean off the Rufiji Delta commenced 2004,^[6] with natural gas being pumped in a pipeline to the commercial capital Dar es Salaam, with the bulk of it being converted to electricity by the public utility and private operators. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, A new gas field is being brought on stream in Mnazi Bay.

Recent public sector and banking reforms, and revamped and new legislative frameworks have all helped increase private sector growth and investment. Short-term economic progress also depends on curbing corruption and cutting back on unnecessary public spending. ^[7]

Prolonged drought during the early years of the 21st century has severely reduced electricity generation capacity (some 60% of Tanzania's electricity supplies are generated by hydro-electric schemes). A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water ^[8] During 2006 Tanzania suffered a crippling series of "load-shedding" or power rationing because of the shortfall of generated power, largely because of insufficient hydro-electric generation. Plans to increase gas and coal fueled generation capacity are likely to take some years to implement, and growth is forecast to be increased to seven per cent per year, and perhaps eight or more. ^[9]

There are 3 major airlines in Tanzania, the Air Tanzania Corporation, the PrecisionAir which do local flights -Arusha, Kigoma, Mtwara, Mwanza, Musoma, Shinyanga, Zanzibar) and regional flights to Kigali,Nairobi, Mombasa routes and the third one that does local flights only. This article refers to the city of Arusha For other uses see Arusha (disambiguation. Kigoma is a town and lake port in western Tanzania, on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika and close to the border with Burundi. Mtwara is a capital town of Mtwara Region, southeastern Tanzania. Mwanza is a city in northwest Tanzania and a southern Port of Lake Victoria. Musoma is a city located in northern Tanzania. It is the capital of Mara Region. Shinyanga is a city located in northern Tanzania. It is the capital of the surrounding Shinyanga Region and is located at. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Kigali, population 851024 (2005 is the Capital and largest city of Rwanda. Nairobi (naɪˈroʊbɪ is the capital and largest city of Kenya. Mombasa is the second largest City in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. There are also several charter aeroplane firms. There are two railway companies: TAZARA caters for service between Dar-es-Salaam and Kapiri-Mposhi, a district of the Central Province in Zambia. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. See also Central (subnational entity The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. The other one is the Tanzania Railways Corporation, which provides services between Dar-es-Salaam and Kigoma, a town on the shores of Lake Tanganyika and between Dar-es-Salaam and Mwanza, a city on the shores of lake Victoria. The Tanzania Railways Corporation (TRC is a state-owned enterprise that runs a railway net that once was part of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC operating Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Kigoma is a town and lake port in western Tanzania, on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika and close to the border with Burundi. Lake Tanganyika is a large Lake in central Africa (3° 20' to 8° 48' South and from 29° 5' to 31° 15' East Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Mwanza is a city in northwest Tanzania and a southern Port of Lake Victoria. Lake Victoria or Victoria Nyanza (also known as Ukerewe and Nalubaale) is one of the Great Lakes of Africa. There is also a service across the Indian Ocean between Dar-es-Salaam and Zanzibar by several modern hydrofoil boats. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the A hydrofoil is a Boat with wing-like foils mounted on struts below the hull.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Tanzania

As of 2006, the estimated population is 38,329,000, with an estimated growth rate of 2%. Population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven Density varies from 1 person per square kilometre (3 per sq Population distribution is extremely uneven, with density varying from 1 person per square kilometer (3/mi²) in arid regions to 51 per square kilometer (133/mi²) in the mainland's well-watered highlands, to 134 per square kilometer (347/mi²) on Zanzibar^[10]. More than 80% of the population is rural. Tanzania still has a very high unemployment rate,which is about 67%. Dar es Salaam is the largest city and is the commercial capital; Dodoma, located in the center of Tanzania is the new capital and houses the Union's Parliament. Zanzibar Town houses the Zanzibar Parliament.

The African population consists of more than 126 ethnic groups, of which the Sukuma and Nyamwezi, the Hehe and Bena, the Gogo, the Haya, the Makonde, the Chagga and the Nyakyusa have more than 1 million members. This is a list of ethnic groups in Tanzania. Groups names are listed without any prefix although many groups refer to themselves with a prefix from their own language and are referred The Sukuma is the largest ethnic groups in Tanzania, with an estimate 3 The Nyamwezi (originally and also Wanyamwezi) are the second-largest of over 120 ethnic groups in Tanzania. The Hehe ani gever (Swahili collective Wahehe) are an ethnic and linguistic group based in Iringa Region in south-central Tanzania. The Haya are an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Bukoba, Muleba and Karagwe Districts of Kagera Region in northwestern Tanzania The Chaga (also called Wachaga, Chagga, Jagga, Dschagga, Waschagga, or Wachagga) are Bantu speaking The Nyakyusa (also called the Sokile, Ngonde or Nkonde) are an African ethnic and linguistic group who live in the fertile mountains of southern Other groups include the Pare, Sambaa or Shambala and Ngoni. The Pare (pronounced “Pahray” people are members of an Ethnic group indigenous to the Pare Mountains of Tanzania, which are part of the Kilimanjaro The majority of Tanzanians, including such large ethnic groups as the Sukuma and the Nyamwezi, have Bantu origins. Groups of Nilotic or related origin include the nomadic Masai and the Luo, both of which are found in greater numbers in neighboring Kenya. Two small groups speak languages of the Khoisan family peculiar to the people of the Kalahari in southern Africa. Cushitic-speaking peoples, originally from the Ethiopian highlands, reside in a few areas of Tanzania. Other Bantu groups were refugees and immigrants from nearby countries.

Although much of Zanzibar's African population came from the mainland, one group known as Afro-Shirazis claims its origins to be the island's early Persian settlers. Non-Africans residing on the mainland and Zanzibar account for 1% of the total population. In the 1960s and 1970s thousands of Asians emigrated, frequently under duress. Often they attempted to emigrate to the United Kingdom [7], and now the UK is home to 100,000 Tanzanians making the Tanzanian British community the world's largest overseas Tanzanian community. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Tanzanian British' people are citizens or resident of the United Kingdom who's ethnic origins lie fully or partially in the African nation of Tanzania Their community, including Hindus, Sunni Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis and Goans, has increased in the past decade to 350,000. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. An estimated 240,000 Arabs and 70,000 Europeans still reside in Tanzania.

Languages

Tanzania has more than 126 tribes and each ethnic group has its own language. No language is de jure official, but Swahili is the de facto official national language, used for inter-ethnic communication and for official matters. Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches After gaining independence, English, the language of colonial administration during the era of British rule, was still used for some official issues, and was thus considered de facto official alongside Swahili. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States As official usage of English has greatly diminished during the first thirty years following independence, and it was more common to regard Swahili as the only de facto official language. However the political reforms which turned Tanzania away from a closed and socialist environment and a centrally planned economy inevitably resulted in a dramatic opening up of the country. The attendant growth of the private sector and new investment has resulted in English having increasing importance, and there are many schools in which English is the medium of instruction. Universities all use English as the medium of instruction, which often causes problems for students who have previously only taken English as a subject in school. Other spoken languages are Indian languages, especially Gujarati, and Portuguese (both spoken by Mozambican blacks and Goans). Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Historically German was widely spoken during that colonial period, but few remain alive who remember that period. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

Culture

Main articles: Culture of Tanzania and Music of Tanzania

The music of Tanzania stretches from traditional African music to the string-based taarab to a distinctive hip hop known as bongo flava. Languages Languages of Africa Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, most of them from the Bantu family The Music of Tanzania stretches from traditional African music to the string-based Taarab to a distinctive Hip hop The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continent's many regions, nations and Ethnic groups Although there is no distinctly pan-African Taarab is a Music genre popular in Tanzania. It is influenced by music from the cultures with a historical presence in East Africa, including music from Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Bongo Flava is a nickname for Tanzanian hip hop music The genre which is based out of the city of Dar es Salaam, takes its name from the Swahili word Famous taarab singers names are Abbasi Mzee, Culture Musical Club, Shakila of Black Star Musical Group. Internationally known traditional artist are Bi Kidude, Hukwe Zawose and Tatu Nane. Fatuma Binti Baraka (aka BiKidude) is a Zanzibari Taarab singer Hukwe Ubi Zawose (b Dodoma, Tanganyika, 1938 or 1940 d Bagamoyo, Tanzania, December 30, 2003) was a prominent Tanzanian

Tanzania has its own distinct African rumba music where names of artists/groups like [[Tabora Jazz, Western Jazz Band, Morogoro Jazz, Volcano Jazz, Simba Wanyika,Remmy Ongala, Ndala Kasheba *[8], NUTA JAZZ, ATOMIC JAZZ, DDC Mlimani Park, Afro 70 & Patrick Balisidya*[9]*[10]*[11], Sunburst, Tatu Nane *[12] and Orchestra Makassy*[13] must be mentioned in the history of Tanzanian music. Simba Wanyika was a Kenyan based band created in 1971 by Tanzanian brothers Wilson Kinyonga and George Kinyonga, and disbanded in 1994 History Remmy Ongala, guitarist and siinger is a well-known musician on the Tanzanian landscape but was born in 1947 in Kivu Congo.

Tanzania has many writers. This is a list of prominent and notable writers from Africa, including Poets Novelists Children's writers Essayists and Scholars listed The list of writers' names includes well known writers such as Godfrey Mwakikagile, Mohamed Said, Prof. Godfrey Mwakikagile is a Tanzanian writer who was born in Kigoma in western Tanganyika on 4 October 1949. Both the name Mohammed and the name Said can be romanized in several ways Joseph Mbele*[14], Juma Volter Mwapachu, Prof. Juma Volter Mwapachu is the Secretary General of the East African Community. Issa Shivji, Jenerali Twaha Ulimwengu, Prof. Penina Mlama*[15], Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Adam Shafi, Dr. Julius Kambarage Nyerere ( April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika Malima M. P Bundala and Shaaban Robert. Shaaban bin Robert, also known as Shaaban Robert ( 1 January 1909 &ndash 22 June 1962) was a Tanzanian Poet,

Media

The Daily News is the oldest newspaper and is state-run, as are the public broadcasting service television TVT and radio networks of Radio Tanzania Dar es Salaam RTD. The Daily News is a newspaper in Tanzania. Editions There is also a Sunday edition called Sunday News. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Background In 1973 when the government of Tanzania was under the control of Julius Nyerere ’s leadership the country was primarily focused with establishing Ujamaa Since 2007 the state owned Television station popularly referred in swahili as Televisheni Ya Taifa TVT and Radio Tanzania Dar-es-Salaam RTD are now both under the umbrella of Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation. Tanzania also has many private-run media outlets, for example more than 11 daily newspapers, more than 6 television stations and more than 6 FM radio stations like Radio Free Africa RFA which its transmission reaches the Great lakes Region Congo DRC,Rwanda and Burundi. Some of the private radio stations and newspapers are owned by political parties like the Uhuru newspaper and the Radio Uhuru FM.

International shortwave radio broadcasts from the BBC Radio, Voice of America and Deutsche Welle can be received. Shortwave Radio operates between the frequencies of 3000 KHz (3 BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927 Voice of America ( VOA) is the official external radio and Television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. Deutsche Welle ('Welle' pronounced with a 'v' sound IPA /'vɛlə/ or DW, is Germany's international broadcaster. ^[11]

Tanzanians are also active bloggers and there is a blog site launched by Muhidin Issa Michuzi*[16], that has been visited by more than 3 million bloggers since 2007. Internet in Tanzania has became a de facto source of news used both by Tanzanian citizens and other institutions to access information ignored by owners and editors of well established newspapers, television and radio stations.

See also

• Foreign relations of Tanzania
• Military of Tanzania
• Stamps and postal history of Tanzania
• Tanzanian elections, 2005
• Tanzania Scouts Association
• Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute
• List of hospitals in Tanzania
• List of Tanzanian companies
• List of Tanzania-related topics

References

External links

• The United Republic of Tanzania official site
• Tanzania Tourist Board
• Tanzania travel guide from Wikitravel
• Tanzania.eu

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