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This article is about a Siamese king. For the former Thai prime minister with a similar spelled name, see Thaksin Shinawatra. (ทักษิณ ชินวัตร IPA tɕʰinnawát Chinese: 丘[[wikt 達|達]] 新, Qiū Dáxīn nicknamed by the media as แม้ว
Taksin
King of Siam (Thonburi)

Statue of King Taksin in Wongwienyai, Thonburi
Reign 28 December 1768–6 April 1782
Coronation 28 December 1768
Born 17 April 1734(1734-04-17)
Died 7 April 1782 (aged 47)
Predecessor Boromaracha V (prior to fall of Ayutthaya)
Successor Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
Issue 30 sons and daughters
Royal anthem Thonburi Dynasty
Father Hai-Hong
Mother Nok-lang

Taksin (Thai: ตากสินมหาราช listen (help·info); Chinese: 鄭昭; pinyin: Zhèng Chāo; Teochew: Dênchao; April 17, 1734 - April 7, 1782) was king of Siam from 1768 to 1782. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1734 ( MDCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common King Boromaracha v king of Siam (Sanskrit Paramaraja also known as Suriyas Amarin or Ekathat (Ekadashna means one-eyed สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวพระที่นั่งสุริยาสน์อมรินทร์ Posthumously Poramin Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yotfa Chulaloke (1736 - 1809 conventionally as Rama I. Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1734 ( MDCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj

Contents

Early life and career

King Taksin as a monk in 1754.
King Taksin as a monk in 1754.

He was born in Ayutthaya and given the name Sin (Treasure). Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา aˡjutʰajaː also spelled "Ayudhya" city is the capital of His father Hai-Hong, who worked as a tax-collector,[1] was a Teochew Chinese immigrant with roots from Chenghai District,[2] and his mother Lady Nok-lang was Thai. The Thai Chinese are an Overseas Chinese community who live in Thailand. Chenghai or Tenghai (澄海 Hanyu Pinyin: Chénghǎi Teochew: Thěng Hài is a district of the city of Shantou, The Thai (or Tai) are the main ethnic group of Thailand and are part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic peoples found in Thailand and adjacent countries [3] When aged 7 he started his education in a Buddhist monastery. History Origin of the school The Theravāda school is ultimately derived from the Vibhajjavāda (or 'doctrine of analysis' grouping which was a continuation WaT ( W entz a nd T eppei is a Japanese pop duo composed of singers/songwriters Eiji Wentz and Teppei Koike After 7 years of education he was sent by his father to serve as a royal page. According to legend, when he and his friend Tong-Duang were Buddhist novices they met a Chinese fortune-teller who told them that they both had lucky lines in the palms of their hands and would both become kings. Chiromancy or cheiromancy, (Greek cheir (χειρ “hand” manteia (μαντεία “ Divination ” is the art of characterization Neither took it seriously, but Tong-Duang was later the successor of King Taksin, Rama I. Posthumously Poramin Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yotfa Chulaloke (1736 - 1809 conventionally as Rama I.

Sin was first deputy governor and later governor of the Tak province,[4] which gained him his name Tak-Sin, "Treasure of Tak," (or Treasure Exposed, as Tak (Exposed) is exposed to danger from Burma); though his official noble title was Phraya Tak. Tak (ตาก is one of the northern provinces ( changwat) of Thailand. When he was promoted to be governor of Kamphaeng Phet province, he had to return to Ayutthaya. Kamphaeng Phet ( Thai กำแพงเพชร is one of the provinces ( changwat) of Thailand, located in the north of the country The Burmese attacked at that time and besieged the Thai capital. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Taksin took a leading part in the city's defense. Shortly before Ayutthaya fell in 1767, Taksin cut his way out of the city at the head of a small army. [5] This action was never adequately explained as the Royal compound and Ayutthaya proper was located on an island; how Taksin and his followers fought their way out of the Burmese encirclement remains a mystery.

After the destruction of Ayutthaya and the death of the Thai king, the country was split into six parts, with Taksin controlling the east coast. Together with Tong-Duang, now General Chao Phraya Chakri, he managed to drive back the Burmese, defeat his rivals and reunify the country.

Liberating Thailand's country

On January 3, 1766. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1766 ( MDCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a General Taksin then set about reining in a number of rebellious Thai princes and reasserting central control over the entire kingdom including the tributary kingdoms. Two soldiers under General Taksin, named Phraya Pichai and Mek, were instrumental in his future. Phraya Pichai or Phraya Pichai Dabhak (literally Phraya Pichai Broken Sword was a Siamese general serving under King Taksin. Sin was appointed ruler of the city of Kamphaeng Phet at the same time the Burmese forces were attacking the city of Ayutthya and the surrounding kingdom. Kamphaeng Phet ( Thai กำแพงเพชร is one of the provinces ( changwat) of Thailand, located in the north of the country As the ruler of Kamphaeng Phet,General Taksin placed his trustworthy friend Mek in charge of Tak province and took his army along with Phra Ya Phi Chai to assist the Royal Forces against the Burmese attacking the city of Ayutthaya. [6]

General Taksin's route to mobilized the troop

General Taksin lead his army to Ban Phran Nok. His party crossed with 30 Burmese cavalrymen and 200 conscripts routed from Prachinburi province. Prachin Buri (ปราจีนบุรี is a province ( changwat) of Thailand. As the Force of Burmese chased them to Ban Phran Nok, General Taksin commanded his soldiers to separate into two ways and attacked attacked the Burmese. General Taksin's party emerged victorious. [7]

As the news of General Taksin's army's victory spread, General Taksin convinced the Thai people to persuade governors to join him. General Taksin lead his army to Nakhon Nayok, passed Dong Sri Maha Pho. Nakhon Nayok (นครนายก is one of the central provinces ( changwat) of Thailand. As Burmese chased General Taksin's army again to Prachinburi, where he defeated them.

General Taksin went to Chachoengsao province,Chonburi province and then to Ban Na Klua, Bang Lamung. This article is about the town named Chachoengsao For the province of the same name of which it is part of see Chachoengsao Province. Bang Lamung (บางละมุง is a district ( Amphoe) in the southern part of Chonburi Province, Thailand. They arrived in Rayong, whose governor acknowledged General Taksin's leadership. Rayong province (ระยอง is a province ( changwat) of Thailand. He allowed General Taksin's army to stay in Rayong. In less than a month General Taksin and his force sallied the force of Burmese out of Ayutthaya and seized Rayong as a tributary state. Then they went to Chanthaburi province. Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี is a province ( changwat) of Thailand.

Attacking Chanthaburi

Before attacking Chanthaburi his forces were ordered to eat their last meal and discard their eating utensils. Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี is a province ( changwat) of Thailand. It was either victory or die in the fight. However, Chanthaburi was taken and became the stronghold for the resistance forces.

After Ayutthaya was lost, the Burmese Army appointed "Suki Phanaikong" as the Commander in Charge of the area at Pho Sam Ton Camp. Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา aˡjutʰajaː also spelled "Ayudhya" city is the capital of Suki created much havoc for the area inhabitants, who were then prisoners of war. The Thai women were abused and ravaged. A Thai named Thong In sold out to the Burmese and was put in charge of the prisoners of war, and coerced many into assisting the Burmese army. [8]

When General Taksin finally assembled a larger army at Chanthaburi he mounted an attack on the Pho Sam Ton Camp. The attack was successful and both Suki and Thong In were killed during the battle, which finished on June 15, 1767. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The many who did not die or manage to escape back to Burma were taken prisoner. [9] [10]

King of Siam

Thonburi Palace
Thonburi Palace

On December 28, 1768, he was crowned king of Siam in the new capital at Thonburi. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Thon Buri (ธนบุรี was capital of Thailand for a short time during the reign of King Taksin, after the previous capital Ayutthaya was sacked Two years later, King Taksin launched a war against the Nguyen Lords over their control of Cambodia. The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East After some initial defeats, the joint Siamese-Cambodian army defeated the Nguyen army in 1771 and 1772. These defeats helped provoke an internal rebellion (the Tay Son rebellion) which would soon sweep the Nguyen out of power. The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between In 1773, the Nguyen made peace with King Taksin, giving back some land they controlled in Cambodia. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [11] Over the next few years, Taksin managed to gain control over Chiang Mai and putting Cambodia under the vassalage of Siam by 1779, after repeated military campaigns. Chiang Mai (in Thai; locally (Kham Muang Jiang Mai also sometimes written as "Chiengmai" is the largest and most culturally significant [12]

In order to legitimize his claim for the Kingdom, he sent a diplomatic envoy to China which then was ruled by Qianlong Emperor. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September China recognized King Taksin as the rightful ruler of Siam, and Taksin began the reunification of Siam. During this time he actively encouraged the Chinese to settle in Siam, principally those from Chaozhou, partly with the intention to revive the stagnating economy[13] and upgrading the local workforce at that time. [14]

Map of Siam during 1768–1782
Map of Siam during 1768–1782

King Taksin had to fight almost constantly for most of his reign to maintain the independence of his country. As the economic influence of the immigrant Chinese community grew with time many aristocrats, which he took in from the Ayutthaya nobility began to turn against him for having allied with the Chinese merchants. The opposition were led mainly by the Bunnags, a trader-aristocrat family of Persian origins. [15]

Thai historians indicate that the strain on him took its toll and the king started to become a religious fanatic. In 1781 Taksin showed increasing signs of madness. He believed himself to be a future Buddha, and he flogged monks who refused to worship him as such. In Buddhism, buddhahood ( Sanskrit: buddhatva. Pali: buddhatta. [16] Several historians have suggested that this tale may have been created as an excuse for his overthrow. However, the letters of a French priest who was in Thonburi at the time support the accounts of the monarch's peculiar behavior.

Death

With the Burmese threat still prevalent, a strong ruler was needed on the throne. King Taksin was declared insane and a coup d'état removed him from the throne in March 1782. [17] Although he requested to be allowed to join the monkhood, the deposed king was executed shortly after the coup on April 7, 1782, along with some of his loyal followers, including Phraya Pichai, within the next few days. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Phraya Pichai or Phraya Pichai Dabhak (literally Phraya Pichai Broken Sword was a Siamese general serving under King Taksin. He was sealed in a velvet sack and was beaten to death with a scented sandalwood club, in accordance with the ancient tradition that no royal blood should touch the ground. [18] His execution was viewed as necessary in order to prevent the former king's becoming the center of a possible revolt against his successor.

Another account claimed that Taksin was secretly sent to a palace located in the remote mountains of Nakhon Si Thammarat where he lived until 1825, and that a substitute was arranged and beaten to death in his place. Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช (alternative English transliteration Nakhon Sri Thammarat from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja) is a [19]

When the coup occurred, General Chao Phraya Chakri was away fighting in Cambodia, but he quickly returned to the Thai capital. Posthumously Poramin Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yotfa Chulaloke (1736 - 1809 conventionally as Rama I. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East When he arrived in Thonburi, the rebels surrendered and offered Chakri the throne. Another view of the events is that General Chakri actually wanted to be King and had accused King Taksin of being Chinese; however, this overlooks the fact that Chao Phraya Chakri was himself of partly Chinese origin as well as he himself being married to one of Taksin's daughters. [20] However, prior to returning to Thonburi, Chao Phraya Chakri had Taksin's son summoned to Cambodia and executed. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East

Legacy

In 1981 the Thai cabinet passed a resolution to bestow on King Taksin the honorary title of the Great. The date of his coronation, December 28, is the official day of homage to King Taksin, although it is not designated as a public holiday. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of The Maw Sukha Association on January 31, 1999 cast the King Taksin Savior of the Nation Amulet, which sought to honour the contributions of King Taksin to Siam during his reign. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) [21]

The monarch remains a favorite of Thai Chinese, and is referred to as the King of Thonburi. The Thai Chinese are an Overseas Chinese community who live in Thailand. Taksin's equestrian statue stands in the middle of Wongwien Yai (the Big Traffic Circle) in Thonburi, and is a well known Bangkok landmark.

Miscellaneous

Children

King Taksin have 21 sons and 9 daughters named[25]

Major event of King Taksin's reign

In King Taksin's reign from 1767 to 1782, wars were fought to unify, defend and expand the country almost all the time. Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A brief survey of major events is given below [26]

References

  1. ^ Carl Parkes. Moon Handbooks: Southeast Asia 4 Ed. Avalon Travel Publishing, 770. ISBN 1566913373.  
  2. ^ Bertil Lintner. Bertil Lintner is a Swedish Journalist based in Thailand and the author of several works on Asia, including Blood Brothers The Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia. Macmillan Publishers. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN 1403961549.  
  3. ^ David K. Wyatt. David K Wyatt ( September 21 1937 - November 15 2006) was a highly acclaimed American Historian, working on Southeast Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press, 140. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0300035829.  
  4. ^ Anthony Webster. Gentleman Capitalists: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia 1770-1890. I. B. Tauris, 156. ISBN 1860641717.  
  5. ^ John Bowman. John Bowman is the name of John Bowman (pioneer (1733–1784 Virginia and Kentucky soldier and official John Bryan Bowman (1824–1891 Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. Columbia University Press, 514. Columbia University Press is a University press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. ISBN 0231110049.  
  6. ^ translate from http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/KingTaksin
  7. ^ King Taksin: Warfare and National Revival (1767-1782) Thailand into the 2000's, the National Identity Board Office of the Prime Minister, 2000, page 12.
  8. ^ [1] Sattahip Naval Base
  9. ^ Arjarn Tony Moore/Khun Clint Heyliger Siamese & Thai Hero's & Heroines
  10. ^ Royal Thai Army Radio and Television King Taksin's Liberating
  11. ^ Thomas J. Barnes. Tay Son: Rebellion in 18th Century Vietnam. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Xlibris Corporation, 74. Xlibris is a Philadelphia -based Self-publishing and on-demand printing services provider founded in 1997 ISBN 0738818186.  
  12. ^ Norman G. Owen. The Emergence Of Modern Southeast Asia. National University of Singapore Press, 94. Singapore ISBN 9971693283.  
  13. ^ Chris Baker, Pasuk Phongpaichit. Christopher John Baker is a Thailand -based writer who has made his home in Bangkok for more than 20 years Pasuk Phongpaichit (b 11 Feb 1946 is a Thai economist a professor at Chulalongkorn University, and the author of several books on corruption in Thailand A History of Thailand. Cambridge University Press, 32. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 ISBN 0521816157.  
  14. ^ Editors of Time Out. Time Out Bangkok: And Beach Escapes. Time Out, 84. Time Out is a Publishing company based in London, England. The company's best known product is the Time Out weekly listings Magazine ISBN 1846700213.  
  15. ^ Paul M. Handley. The King Never Smiles. The King Never Smiles is an unauthorized Biography of Thailand 's King Bhumibol Adulyadej by Paul M Yale University Press, 27. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0300106823.  
  16. ^ David K. Wyatt. David K Wyatt ( September 21 1937 - November 15 2006) was a highly acclaimed American Historian, working on Southeast Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press, 143. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0300035829.  
  17. ^ Rough Guides. The Rough Guide to Southeast Asia. Rough Guides, 823. Rough Guides Ltd is a Guidebook and Reference publisher owned by Pearson PLC. ISBN 1858285534.  
  18. ^ Arne Kislenko. Culture and Customs of Thailand (Culture and Customs of Asia). Greenwood Press, 12. ISBN 0313321280.  
  19. ^ David K. Wyatt. David K Wyatt ( September 21 1937 - November 15 2006) was a highly acclaimed American Historian, working on Southeast Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press, 145. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0300035829.  ; Siamese/Thai history and culture–Part 4
  20. ^ Gary G. Hamilton [2006]. Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies. Routledge, 254. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals ISBN 0415157048.  
  21. ^ Donald K. Swearer (2004). Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image. Princeton University Press, 235. The Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. ISBN 0691114358.  
  22. ^ William B. Dickinson (1966). Editorial Research Reports on World Affairs. Congressional Quarterly, 64. Congressional Quarterly Inc, or CQ, is a privately owned publishing company that produces a number of publications reporting primarily on the United States Congress  
  23. ^ Paul M. Handley. The King Never Smiles. The King Never Smiles is an unauthorized Biography of Thailand 's King Bhumibol Adulyadej by Paul M Yale University Press, 466 (Back matter). Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0300106823.  
  24. ^ CareerJournal–The Lows and Highs Of a Midlife Crisis
  25. ^ ธำรงศักดิ์ อายุวัฒนะ. ราชสกุลจักรีวงศ์ และราชสกุลสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช (in Thai). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์บรรณกิจ, 490.  
  26. ^ King Taksin the Great wangdermpalace. com

External links

Taksin
Born: 17 April 1734 Died: 7 April 1782
Preceded by
Borommaracha V
(as King of Ayutthaya)		 King of Siam
1768–1782		 Succeeded by
Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
(of Rattanakosin (Bangkok))
Thon Buri (Thai ธนบุรี was the capital of Thailand for a short time during the reign of King Taksin the Great after the ruin of capital Ayutthaya by the Myanmar King Boromaracha v king of Siam (Sanskrit Paramaraja also known as Suriyas Amarin or Ekathat (Ekadashna means one-eyed สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวพระที่นั่งสุริยาสน์อมรินทร์ The kingdom of Ayutthaya (อาณาจักรอยุธยา was a Thai kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767 The Chakri dynasty has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Ratthanakosin era in 1782 following the end of Taksin of Thonburi 's reign when the Posthumously Poramin Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yotfa Chulaloke (1736 - 1809 conventionally as Rama I. From 1768 to 1932 the area of modern Thailand was dominated by Siam, an absolute monarchy with capitals briefly at Thonburi and later at Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest
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