| Takeshi Kitano | |
Takeshi Kitano at Cannes, 2000 | |
| Born | January 18, 1947 Adachi, Tokyo |
|---|---|
| Occupation | Television personality, actor, author, film director, film editor, film producer, screenwriter |
| Spouse | Mikiko Kitano |
| Children | Atsushi Kitano Shoko Kitano |
Takeshi Kitano (北野 武 Kitano Takeshi?, born January 18, 1947 in Umejima, Adachi, Tokyo) is a Japanese comedian, actor, presenter, author, poet, painter, one-time video game designer, film editor and film director who has received critical acclaim, both in his native Japan and abroad, for his highly idiosyncratic cinematic work. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is one of the special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is located north of the heart of Tokyo A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is one of the special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is located north of the heart of Tokyo For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A presenter, or host (sometimes hostess, in feminine form is a Person or Organization responsible for running an event An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. With the exception of his works as a film director, he is known almost exclusively by the name Beat Takeshi (ビートたけし, Bīto Takeshi). Since April 2005, he has been a professor at the Graduate School of Visual Arts, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.
Kitano owns his own film company, Office Kitano, which launched Tokyo Filmex in 2000. Office Kitano is a Japanese film Production company founded and managed by Takeshi Kitano. Tokyo Filmex is an annual Film festival established in 2000. This Film festival was launched by Office Kitano, which is Takeshi Kitano's films are typically dramas about Yakuza gangsters or the police, referred to by critics as being highly deadpan to the point of near-stasis. History Origins Despite their notoriety in modern Japan the precise origin of the Yakuza is still somewhat the subject of debate For other uses see Gangsta. A gangster is a criminal who is or at some point almost invariably becomes a member of a persistent violent Deadpan is a form of non-comedic delivery in which Humour is presented without a change in emotion or Facial expression, usually speaking in He often uses long takes where nothing appears to be happening, or with edits that cut immediately to the aftermath of an event. Many of his films express a bleak or nihilistic philosophy, but they are also filled with a great deal of humor and remarkable affection for their characters. Nihilism (from the Latin nihil, nothing is a philosophical position that argues that Existence is without objective meaning Purpose Kitano's films paradoxically seem to leave controversial impressions. While formally disguised as dark comedies or gangster movies, his films raise moral questions and provide food for thought.
While Kitano's international fame continues to rise, the Japanese public knows him primarily as a TV host and comedian, and he is well remembered for the leading role of the comedy show Oretachi Hyōkin-zoku (1981–1989). His portrayal of Zatōichi in the 2003 movie is his biggest domestic commercial success. is a 2003 Japanese samurai drama and Action film, directed written co-edited and starring Japanese entertainment legend Takeshi Kitano (
During interviews, Kitano is careful to hide his enigmatic personality behind the mask of being a comedian and regular guy. He hosts a weekly television program called Beat Takeshi's TV Tackle (ビートたけしのTVタックル), a kind of panel discussion among entertainers and politicians regarding controversial current events. But Kitano's primary role is to provide comic relief and he rarely shares his true feelings regarding controversial social issues. Although he interviewed Shoko Asahara, founder of the controversial Japanese religious movement Aum Shinrikyo, on at least two occasions, his attitude towards religion is unknown. is a founder of Japan 's controversial Buddhist religious group Aum Shinrikyo (now known as Aleph) and identified himself as and his children as in his Aum Shinrikyo, now known as Aleph, is a Japanese new religious movement organization
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Kitano was born in Adachi, Tokyo in 1947. is one of the special wards of Tokyo, Japan. It is located north of the heart of Tokyo After dropping out of Meiji University, where he studied engineering for four years, he found work as an elevator operator in a nightclub and learned a great deal about the business from the comedian Senzaburo Fukami. is a Private university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, founded in 1881 by three emerging lawyers of the Meiji Era Tatsuo Kishimoto, Kozo A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh When one of the club's regular performers fell ill, Kitano took his place on stage, and a new career was born.
In the 1970s he formed a comic duo with his friend Kiyoshi Kaneko. They took on the stage names Beat Takeshi and Beat Kiyoshi; together referring to themselves as Two Beat (sometimes romanized as The Two Beats). This sort of duo stand-up comedy, known as manzai in Japan, usually features a great deal of high-speed back-and-forth banter between the two performers. Stand-up comedy is a style of comedy where the performer speaks directly to the audience with the absence of the theatrical " Fourth wall " Manzai (漫才 is a style of Stand-up comedy in Japan, which usually involves two performers—a straight man ( tsukkomi) and a In 1976, they performed on television for the first time and became an instant success, propelling their act onto the national stage. The reason for their popularity had much to do with Kitano's material, which was much more risqué than traditional manzai. The targets of his jokes were often the socially vulnerable, including the elderly, the handicapped, the poor, children, women, the ugly and the stupid. Complaints to the broadcaster led to censorship of some of Kitano's jokes and the editing of offensive dialogue. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor Kitano confirmed in a video interview that he was forbidden to access the NHK studios for five years for having exposed his body during a show when it was totally forbidden. or Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is Japan 's Public broadcaster. [1] Although Two Beat was one of the most successful acts of its kind during the late '70s and '80s, Kitano decided to go solo and the duo was dissolved. Some autobiographical elements relating to his manzai career can be found in his film Kids Return (1996). is a 1996 Japanese film written edited and directed by Japanese Filmmaker Takeshi Kitano.
Many of Kitano's routines involved him portraying a gangster or other harsh character, and his first major film role, Nagisa Oshima's Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (where he starred opposite Tom Conti, Ryuichi Sakamoto and David Bowie) featured him cast as a tough (but sympathetic)POW camp sergeant during World War II. Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence ( Senjou no Merii Kurisumasu, aka Furyo in many European editions is a 1983 film directed Tom Conti (born 22 November 1941) is a Scottish Academy Award -nominated and Tony Award -winning Actor, Theatre David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of enemy combatants captured by the enemy in time of war and is similar to an Internment camp which is used for civilian World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He also attracted attention for his playing a role of serial rapist-killer Kiyoshi Okubo in TV-drama. was a Japanese Serial killer. Between March 31, 1971 and May 10, 1971, he Raped and Murdered eight women ages [2]
After several other roles, mostly comedic, in 1989 he was cast in the lead for Violent Cop (Sono Otoko, Kyōbō ni Tsuki) as a sociopathic detective who responds to every situation with violence. is a 1989 Japanese film directed by and starring Takeshi Kitano. When the original director (Kinji Fukasaku) fell ill, Kitano offered to step in, and rewrote the script heavily. was a Japanese film actor writer and best known as a celebrated and innovative director. The result was a financial and critical success in Japan, and the beginning of Kitano's career as a filmmaker.
Kitano's second film as director and first film as screenwriter, released in 1990, was Boiling Point (3-4X Jūgatsu). Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made Boiling Point ( 3-4X10月 ( 3-4X jugatsu, literally "the third and fourth of October" is a 1990 Japanese Masahiko Ono plays the lead role of a young man whose baseball coach is threatened by a local yakuza. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each He and a friend travel to Okinawa to purchase guns so they can get revenge, but along the way they are befriended by a psychotic gangster played by Kitano, who has his own revenge to plot. is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū With complete control of the script and direction, Kitano uses this film to cement his style: shocking violence, bizarre black humor and stoically shot 'still' scenes. In spite of this, the film was considered a failure and did not recover its production costs upon initial release.
Kitano's third film, A Scene at the Sea (Ano Natsu, Ichiban Shizukana Umi), was released in 1991. is a 1991 Japanese film written and directed by Takeshi Kitano. It featured no gangsters, but instead a deaf garbage collector who is determined to learn how to surf after discovering a broken surfboard while working. Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Surfboards are elongated platforms used in the sport of Surfing. A young girl (also deaf) follows his progress and is quick to assist him wherever possible. Kitano's more delicate, romantic side came to the fore here, along with his trademark deadpan approach.
Foreign audiences (that would outnumber his domestic audience in the coming years) began to take notice of Kitano after the 1993 release of Sonatine. is a 1993 Japanese film written directed edited by and starring Japanese filmmaker Takeshi Kitano. Kitano plays a Tokyo yakuza who is sent by his boss to Okinawa to help end a gang war there. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. History Origins Despite their notoriety in modern Japan the precise origin of the Yakuza is still somewhat the subject of debate is one of Japan 's southern prefectures, and consists of hundreds of the Ryukyu Islands in a chain over 1000 km long which extends southwest from Kyūshū Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. He is tired of gangster life, and when he finds out the whole mission is a ruse, he welcomes what comes with open arms.
The 1995 release of Getting Any? (Minna Yatteruka!) showed Kitano returning to his comedic roots. is a 1995 Japanese film, written directed edited and starring Japanese filmmaker Takeshi Kitano. This Airplane!-like assemblage of comedic scenes, all centering loosely around a Walter Mitty-type character trying to have sex in a car, met with little acclaim in Japan. Airplane! is a 1980 American Comedy film directed and written by David Zucker Jim Abrahams and Jerry Zucker. Walter Mitty is a Fictional character in James Thurber 's short story " The Secret Life of Walter Mitty " first published in The New Yorker Much of the film satirizes popular Japanese culture, such as Ultraman or Godzilla and even the Zatoichi character that Kitano himself would go on to play eight years later. is a Fictional character featured in Tokusatsu, or "special effects" television programs in Japan Etymology Name "Godzilla" is a combination of two Japanese words and. Zatoichi (座頭市 Zatōichi) is a Fictional character featured in one of Japan's longest running series of Films and a Television series
In August 1994, Kitano was involved in a motorcycle accident and suffered injuries that caused the paralysis of one side of his body, and required extensive surgery to regain the use of his facial muscles. MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental (The severity of his injuries was apparently due to him not fastening the chin strap on his helmet. ) Kitano later stated that the "accident" was actually a suicide attempt. [3] Some speculated that the depression leading to the suicide attempt may explain the nihilistic atmosphere of his early films. Many in the foreign press speculated that he might never be able to work again. Kitano put any such thoughts to rest by making Kids Return in 1996, soon after his recovery. is a 1996 Japanese film written edited and directed by Japanese Filmmaker Takeshi Kitano. At the time it became his most successful film yet in his native Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
After his motorcycle "accident", Kitano took up painting. His bright, simplified style is reminiscent of Belarusian painter Marc Chagall. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк His paintings have been published in books, featured in gallery exhibitions, and adorn the covers of many of the soundtrack albums for his films. His paintings were featured prominently in his most critically acclaimed film, 1997's HANA-BI (released as Fireworks in North America). Hana-bi is a 1997 Japanese film starring written directed and edited by Japanese Filmmaker Takeshi Kitano. Although for years already Kitano's largest audience had been the foreign arthouse crowd, HANA-BI cemented his status internationally as one of Japan's foremost modern filmmakers.
Kikujiro (Kikujirō no Natsu), released in 1999, featured Kitano as a ne'er-do-well crook who winds up paired up with a young boy looking for his mother, and goes on a series of misadventures with him. Kikujiro is the official international title for, a 1999 Japanese film starring written and directed by Japanese filmmaker Takeshi Kitano Brother (2001), shot in Los Angeles, had Kitano as a deposed Tokyo yakuza setting up a drug empire in L. Brother is a 2000 film starring, written, directed and edited by Japanese Filmmaker, Takeshi Kitano Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West A. with the aid of a local gangster played by Omar Epps. Omar Hashim Epps (born July 23 1973) is an American Actor and Musician. Despite a large buzz around Kitano's first English language film, the film was met with tepid response in the US and abroad. Dolls (2002) had Kitano directing but not starring in a film with three different stories about undying love; it met with unfavorable critical and public reception. is a 2002 Japanese film written edited and directed by Japanese director Takeshi Kitano.
Between the disappointing response to Brother and Dolls, Kitano became a punching bag for the press in the United States, who wondered if he had lost his ability to make a good film. A punching bag is a sturdy bag designed to be repeatedly punched, for use in Physical exercise or stress relief in order to improve one of three areas Criticism was less severe in Europe and Asia though many commentators were not as lavish with their praise as they had been with previous Kitano films. 2003's Zatōichi, in which Kitano directed and starred, silenced many of these dissenters. is a 2003 Japanese samurai drama and Action film, directed written co-edited and starring Japanese entertainment legend Takeshi Kitano ( With a new take on the character from Shintaro Katsu's long-running film and TV series, Zatōichi was Kitano's biggest box office success in Japan, did quite well in limited release across the world, and won countless awards at home and abroad, including the Silver Lion award at the prestigious Venice Film Festival. born Toshio Okumura (奥村 利夫 Okumura Toshio, November 29, 1931 — June 21, 1997; nicknamed Katsu-shin) was Zatoichi (座頭市 Zatōichi) is a Fictional character featured in one of Japan's longest running series of Films and a Television series For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world
Kitano's latest film, Takeshis' was released in Japan in November 2005 with an unusual tagline, reading "500% Kitano - Nothing to Add!" in English. Takeshis is a 2005 Japanese film directed written edited by and starring Takeshi Kitano. Kitano also stars regularly in other films. Among his most significant roles were Nagisa Oshima's 1999 film Taboo (Gohatto), where he played Captain Hijikata Toshizo of the Shinsengumi; and Kitano in Battle Royale (2000), a controversial Japanese blockbuster set in a bleak dystopian future where a group of teenagers are randomly selected each year to kill each other on a deserted island. ( 1999) is a Japanese film directed by Nagisa Ōshima. It shows life in a Samurai training school during the bakumatsu period the end of the Hijikata Toshizō (土方歳三 May 31, 1835 — June 20, 1869) was the deputy leader of Shinsengumi, a small-built and talented For the NHK television series see Shinsengumi!. The were a Special police force of the Late shogunate period. Kitano (キタノ Kitano) is a character in the 2000 Japanese film Battle Royale. is a 2000 Japanese film based on the novel of the same name and directed by Kinji Fukasaku. This article refers to the theatrical slang term for other uses see Blockbuster (disambiguation. A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society He also appeared in the film adaptation of William Gibson's Johnny Mnemonic, although his on-screen time was greatly reduced for the American cut of the film. William Ford Gibson (born March 17 1948 is an American - Canadian writer who has been called the "noir prophet" of the Cyberpunk subgenre Johnny Mnemonic is a 1995 Cyberpunk Film, loosely based on the short story of the same name by William Gibson, in which
Kitano used to be a regular collaborator with composer Joe Hisaishi, who has created scores for many of his films. Mamoru Fujisawa (藤澤 守 Fujisawa Mamoru) known professionally as Joe Hisaishi (久石 譲 Hisaishi Jō, born December 6, 1950 A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film However, during the making of Dolls they had an argument, apparently over which tunes to include on the film's soundtrack, and have not worked together since. is a 2002 Japanese film written edited and directed by Japanese director Takeshi Kitano. [4]
Kitano is the youngest of Kikujiro Kitano and Saki Kitano's four children. He has two brothers, Shigekazi Kitano and Masaru Kitano (北野大 Kitano Masaru?, May 29, 1942 -) and a sister, Yasuko Kitano. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Masaru is a commentator, tarento and professor at Meiji University. is a Japanese rendering ( Wasei-eigo) of the English word " Talent " and is used as a catch-all term for Mass media personalities who regularly is a Private university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, founded in 1881 by three emerging lawyers of the Meiji Era Tatsuo Kishimoto, Kozo He has appeared in several Japanese television shows.
Kitano married Mikiko Kitano (北野幹子 Kitano Mikiko?, 1951-) in 1978. She is a former manzai comedian. Manzai (漫才 is a style of Stand-up comedy in Japan, which usually involves two performers—a straight man ( tsukkomi) and a Together they have a son, Atsushi Kitano (Kitano Atsushi? March 31, 1981 -) and a daughter: Shoko Kitano (北野井子 Kitano Shōko?, October 5, 1982 -). Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Shoko is a former singer and actress. She made her debut as a singer (produced by X Japan co-founder Yoshiki Hayashi) and also appeared as Shoko Matsuda (Matsuda was her mother's maiden name) in her father's film HANA-BI in 1997. is a Japanese band founded in 1982 by Toshimitsu "Toshi" Deyama and Yoshiki Hayashi. is a Musician, Songwriter and producer. Throughout his professional career usually referred to by his Given name only he is primarily known for co-founding Hana-bi is a 1997 Japanese film starring written directed and edited by Japanese Filmmaker Takeshi Kitano.
Kitano has written over fifty books of poetry, film criticism, and several novels, a few of which have also been adapted into movies by other directors.
Kitano was also notorious for four video games released on the Nintendo Famicom (NES) including Takeshi no Chōsenjō (roughly translated as Takeshi's Challenge) by Taito Corporation[1]. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by is a Japanese Action-adventure video game for the Nintendo Famicom ( Nintendo Entertainment System) developed by the Taito Corporation. The is a Japanese developer of Video game software and arcade hardware wholly-owned by RPG publisher Square Enix.
He has also become a popular television host. Takeshi's Castle, a game show hosted in the 1980s by Kitano featuring slapstick-style physical contests, has gained cult popularity in the United States (where portions are broadcast on Spike TV as MXC, formerly Most Extreme Elimination Challenge) and in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom where it was given a voiceover by Craig Charles, though these feature very little of Takeshi Kitano as they are heavily edited. was a Japanese Game show that aired from 1986 to 1989 on the Tokyo Broadcasting System. Spike (formerly called Spike TV) a division of MTV Networks, is an American cable network designed for an audience described MXC is an American Comedy television program that airs on Spike. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Craig Charles (born 11 July, 1964 in Liverpool, England) is an English Actor, Stand up comedian, Author More recently, he hosted Koko ga hen da yo, nihonjin (roughly meaning "People of Japan, This Doesn't Make Sense!"), a talk show where a large panel of Japanese-speaking foreigners from around the world debate current issues in Japanese society. Koko ga hen da yo nihonjin (ここがヘンだよ日本人 was a Japanese TV show that was broadcast weekly from 1998 to 2002 A talk show ( American) or chat show ( Global) is a Television or Radio program where one person or group of people come together to Another of his shows is Sekai Marumie ("The World Exposed"), a weekly collection of various interesting video clips from around the world, often focusing on the weird aspects of other countries, and with a regular section on daring rescues, taken from the American program Rescue 911. Rescue 911 was an informational reality -based Television series, hosted by William Shatner. On this show, he plays the child-like idiot, insulting the guests and wearing strange costumes.
The now internationally acclaimed Takeshi Kitano was awarded an honorary Bachelor of Science in engineering by Meiji University on September 7, 2004, 34 years after he dropped out to pursue his career in entertainment. A Bachelor of Science ( BS, BSc or BSc in the UK; less commonly S is a Private university in Chiyoda, Tokyo, founded in 1881 by three emerging lawyers of the Meiji Era Tatsuo Kishimoto, Kozo Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
He was an early supporter of enka singer Kiyoshi Hikawa, and actually gave Hikawa his stage name. Enka refers to two styles of Japanese music. The first is speeches set to music which were sung and spread by political activists during the Meiji period is a Japanese Enka singer who was born on September 6, 1977 in Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.
On January 21, 2007, his former comic pupil Hideo Higashikokubaru ran for governor of Miyazaki prefecture and was elected. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. born September 16, 1957 as in Miyakonojo, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, is a former Japanese comedian who is most known for WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū.