- In this Japanese name, the family name is Takeda. in modern times usually consist of a Family name ( Surname) followed by a Given name. A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs
Takeda Shingen (武田信玄?) (December 1, 1521 – May 13, 1573) of Shinano and Kai Provinces, was a preeminent daimyo or feudal lord with military prestige who sought for the control of Japan in the late stage of Sengoku or "warring states" period. Utagawa Kuniyoshi (Japanese 歌川国芳 ( 1797 - April 14, 1861) was one of the last great masters of the Japanese Ukiyo-e style Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. is an old province of Japan that is now present day Nagano Prefecture. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
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Name
Takeda Shingen was born Takeda Tarō (Katsuchiyo), but was later given the formal name of Takeda Harunobu. This name change was authorised by Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the 12th Ashikaga Shogun. was the 12th Shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who held the reigns of supreme power from 1521 through 1546 during the late Muromachi period of Japan The was a prominent Japanese Samurai clan which established the Muromachi shogunate and ruled Japan from roughly 1336 to 1573 is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander"
In 1559, his name was changed again (this time by his own will) to the well-known Takeda Shingen. Shin is the contemporary Chinese pronunciation of the character nobu, which means "believe"; gen means "black", the color of intelligence and truth in Buddhism. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices
Shingen is sometimes referred to as "The Tiger of Kai" for his martial prowess on the battlefield. His primary rival, Uesugi Kenshin, was often called "The Dragon of Echigo" or also "The Tiger of Echigo Province". was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. was an old province in north-central Japan, on the Sea of Japan side northernmost part of the Hokurikudō (北陸道）circuit In Chinese mythology, the dragon and the tiger have always been bitter rivals who try to defeat one another, but they always fight to a draw. Chinese mythology is a collection of Cultural history, Folktales, and Religions that have been passed down in oral or written form
Life
Takeda Shingen was the first born son of Takeda Nobutora, leader of the Takeda clan, and daimyo of the province of Kai. (1493&ndash1574 was a Japanese Daimyo (feudal lord who controlled the Province of Kai, and fought in a number of battles of the The was a famous clan of Daimyō (feudal lords in Japan's late Heian Period to Sengoku period. The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings Before the modern prefecture system was established the land of Japan was divided into tens of kuni (国 countries) usually known in He had been an accomplished poet in his youth. He assisted his father with the older relatives and vassals of the Takeda family, and became quite a valuable addition to the clan at a fairly young age. But at some point in his life after his "coming of age" ceremony, the young man decided to rebel against his father.
He finally succeeded at the age of 21, successfully taking control of the clan. Events regarding this change of leadership are not entirely clear, but it is thought that his father had planned to name the second son, Takeda Nobushige, as his heir instead of Shingen. (1525-1561 was a Samurai of Japan's Sengoku period, and younger brother of Takeda Shingen. The end result for the father was a miserable retirement that was forced upon him by his son and his supporters: he was sent to Suruga Province (on the southern border of Kai) to be kept in custody under the scrutiny of the Imagawa clan, led by Imagawa Yoshimoto, the daimyo of Suruga. was an old province in the area that is today the eastern part of Shizuoka prefecture. The was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 was one of the leading Daimyo (feudal lords in early Sengoku period Japan For their help in this bloodless coup, an alliance was formed between the Imagawa and the Takeda clans.
Initial expansion
Shingen's first act was to gain a hold of the area around him. His goal was to conquer Shinano Province. is an old province of Japan that is now present day Nagano Prefecture. A number of the major daimyos in the Shinano region marched on the border of Kai Province, hoping to neutralize the power of the still-young Shingen before he had a chance to expand into their lands. However, planning to beat him down at Fuchu (where word had it Shingen was gathering his forces for a stand), they were unprepared when Takeda forces suddenly came down upon them at the battle of Sezawa. The was a famous clan of Daimyō (feudal lords in Japan's late Heian Period to Sengoku period. The battle of Sezawa was one of many battles fought by Takeda Shingen in his bid to take control of Shinano Province. Taking advantage of their confusion, Shingen was able to score a quick victory, which set the stage for his drive into Shinano lands that same year. The young warlord made considerable advances into the region, conquering the Suwa headquarters in the siege of Kuwabara before moving into central Shinano with the defeat of both Tozawa Yorichika and Takato Yoritsugu. The siege of Kuwabara took place the day after the Siege of Uehara; Takeda Shingen continued to gain power in Shinano Province by seizing Kuwabara However, the warlord was checked at Uehara by Murakami Yoshikiyo, losing two of his generals in a heated battle in which Murakami came out on top. Murakami Yoshikiyo (村上 義清 1501 - 1573 a retainer of the Japanese clan of Uesugi during the Sengoku Period of the 16th century Shingen managed to avenge this loss and the Murakami clan was eventually defeated. Murakami fled the region, eventually coming to plead help from the Uesugi clan. The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Fujiwara clan and particularly notable for their power in the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (roughly 14th-17th
After he had conquered Shinano, Shingen (who had changed his name to this in 1551) faced another rival, Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo. was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. The feud between these two became almost legendary, and they faced each other on the battlefield a total of five times at the battles of Kawanakajima. The These battles were generally confined to controlled skirmishes, neither daimyo willing to devote himself entirely to a single all-out attempt. The one conflict between the two that had the fiercest fighting, and might have decided victory or defeat for one side or the other, was the fourth such battle. It was in this fourth contest that the famous tale was formed of Uesugi Kenshin's forces clearing a path through the Takeda troops and Kenshin engaging Shingen in single combat. was a Daimyo who ruled Echigo province in the Sengoku Period of Japan. The tale has Kenshin attacking Shingen with his sword while Shingen defends with his iron war fan or tessen. A number of war fans were used in Japanese feudal warfare of varying size and material for different purposes Both lords lost a considerable number of men in this fight, and Shingen in particular was deprived of two of his main generals, Yamamoto Kansuke and his younger brother Takeda Nobushige. (1501 &ndash October 18, 1561) was a Japanese samurai of the 16th century who was one of Takeda Shingen 's most trusted Twenty-Four Generals (1525-1561 was a Samurai of Japan's Sengoku period, and younger brother of Takeda Shingen.
Conquest pause
Around this time period, the Takeda clan suffered two setbacks within the group itself. Shingen uncovered two plots on his life, the first from his cousin Katanuma Nobumoto (whom he ordered to commit seppuku), and the second, a few years later, from his own son Takeda Yoshinobu. is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by Disembowelment. Seppuku was originally reserved only for Samurai. was a Japanese Daimyo of the Sengoku period. Born Takeda Tarō (武田太郎 he was the son of Takeda Shingen, by Shingen's wife He came of age in 1550 His son was confined to the Tokoji, where he died two years later. It is uncertain as to whether his death was natural or ordered by his father. This left Takeda Shingen, for the moment, without an heir. However, he later had more sons, and it was actually his fourth (Takeda Nobumori) who would take control of the Takeda clan after his death. Takeda Nobumori (????-1582 was a retainer of the Japanese clan of Takeda during the earlier years of Nobumori's life during the Sengoku period to the Azuchi-Momoyama
By 1564, after he had completely defeated the Shinano Province and taken a number of castles from his rival the Uesugi clan, Shingen kept his realm fairly contained, contenting himself to a number of small raids and mostly internal affairs. is an old province of Japan that is now present day Nagano Prefecture. The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Fujiwara clan and particularly notable for their power in the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (roughly 14th-17th During this time he ordered the damming project of the Fuji River, which was one of the major domestic activities of the time. The flows from Yamanashi Prefecture to Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan.
New expansion
After Imagawa Yoshimoto (a former ally of the Takeda) was killed by Oda Nobunaga, Shingen made a move against the weak Imagawa under the incompetent leadership of Yoshimoto's son, Imagawa Ujizane. was one of the leading Daimyo (feudal lords in early Sengoku period Japan ( June 23, 1534 &ndash June 21, 1582) was a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history was a Japanese Daimyo who lived from the mid- Sengoku through early Edo periods He was the son of Imagawa Yoshimoto, and the father of Imagawa Norimochi A pact is believed to have been formed between Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu for control of the remaining Imagawa lands, and they both fought against Yoshimoto's heir. was the founder and first Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate However, the agreement between the Takeda and Tokugawa forces quickly fell through, and after the Imagawa were no longer an issue, Shingen made a move against Ieyasu.
Last battle and death
When Takeda Shingen was 49 years old, he was the only daimyo with the necessary power and tactical skill to stop Oda Nobunaga's rush to rule Japan. ( June 23, 1534 &ndash June 21, 1582) was a major Daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He engaged Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces in 1572 and captured Futamata, and then stepped forward once again in January at the battle of Mikatagahara. was the founder and first Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate The (January 1573 Mikawa Province Japan was one of the most famous battles of daimyo Takeda Shingen 's campaigns and one of the best demonstrations of his cavalry-based At Mikata-ga-hara, Takeda Shingen defeated a small combined army of Nobunaga and Ieyasu, but the victory was not decisive. After defeating Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shingen actually checked his forward momentum for a small time due to outside influences, which allowed Tokugawa to get ready for battle again. He entered Mikawa Province but soon died of illness in camp. [1][2] He was buried at Erin-ji in what is now Kōshū, Yamanashi. is a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on November 1, 2005, when the city of Enzan merged with [3] [4]
After death
Takeda Katsuyori became the daimyo of the Takeda clan. was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku Period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. Katsuyori was ambitious and desired to continue the legacy of his father. He moved on to take Tokugawa forts. However an allied force of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga dealt a crushing blow to the Takeda in the Battle of Nagashino. The took place in 1575 at Nagashino Castle in the Mikawa province of Japan. Here Oda Nobunaga's gunmen destroyed the Takeda cavalry. Ieyasu seized the opportunity and defeated the weak Takeda led by Takeda Katsuyori in the battle of Temmokuzan. was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku Period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. The 1582 in Japan, also known as the Battle of Toriibata, is regarded as the last stand of the Takeda family. Katsuyori committed suicide after the battle, and the Takeda clan would never recover.
Upon Shingen's death, Kenshin reportedly cried at the loss of one of his strongest and most deeply respected rivals. Perhaps one of the most lasting tributes to Shingen's prowess, however, was Tokugawa Ieyasu himself, who is known to have later borrowed heavily from the old Takeda leader's governmental and military innovations after he had taken leadership of Kai during Toyotomi Hideyoshi's rise to power. was the founder and first Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate Many of these designs were put to use in the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of
The Takeda were for the most part utterly destroyed by the loss of Shingen's heir, Katsuyori. However Shingen had a profound effect on the period in Japan. He influenced many lords with his law system, tax system and administration system. He was probably not as cruel as other warlords, but he was aggressive toward military enemies. There were many tales about Takeda Shingen including the one mentioned above. His war banner contained the famous phrase Fū-Rin-Ka-Zan(風林火山）, taken from Sun Tzu's 'The Art of War. literally "Wind Forest Fire and Mountain" was the Battle standard used by the Sengoku period Daimyo Takeda Shingen, quoting Sun Sun Tzu ( ("Master Sun" also called Sun Wu ( is traditionally considered to be the author of The Art of War (also simply called the The Art of War ( is a Chinese military Treatise that was written during the 6th century BC by Sun Tzu. ' This phrase refers to the idea of Swift as the Wind, Silent as a Forest, Fierce as Fire and Immovable as a Mountain. The phrase demonstrates both Shingen's policies and warfare strategy.
Retainers
During Edo period, 24 retainers who served under Shingen were chosen as a popular topic for Ukiyo-e and Bunraku. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 "pictures of the floating world" is a genre of Japanese woodblock prints (or Woodcuts) and Paintings produced between the 17th also known as Ningyō jōruri (ja 人形浄瑠璃 is a form of traditional Japanese Puppet theater founded in Osaka in 1684 The names vary from work to work and the following list is the widely agreed version of retainers. They had not worked together as some had died before others served but they were noted for their exceptional contributions to Shingen and the Takeda family. The was a famous clan of Daimyō (feudal lords in Japan's late Heian Period to Sengoku period.
Of his retainers, Kōsaka Masanobu stands out as being one of Shingen's better known beloveds, in the style of the Japanese shudo tradition. (b 1527 d 1578 was one of Takeda Shingen 's most loyal retainers and one of his ' Twenty-Four Generals ' during the Sengoku period of Japan is the Japanese tradition of age-structured Homosexuality prevalent in Samurai society from the Medieval period until the end of the 19th century The two entered into the relationship when Shingen was twenty two and Masanobu sixteen. The love pact signed by the two, in Tokyo University's Historical Archive, documents Shingen's pledge that he was not, nor had any intentions of entering into, a sexual relationship with a certain other retainer, and asserts that "since I want to be intimate with you" he will in no way harm the boy, and calls upon the gods to be his guarantors. (Leupp, pp. 53-54)
Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen
- Akiyama Nobutomo
- Amari Torayasu
- Anayama Nobukimi
- Baba Nobuharu
- Hara Masatane
- Hara Toratane
- Ichijō Nobutatsu
- Itagaki Nobukata
- Kōsaka Masanobu
- Naitō Masatoyo
- Obata Masamori
- Obata Toramori
- Obu Toramasa
- Ohama Kagetaka
- Oyamada Nobushige
- Saigusa Moritomo
- Sanada Nobutsuna
- Sanada Yukitaka
- Tada Mitsuyori
- Tsuchiya Masatsugu
- Takeda Nobukado
- Takeda Nobushige
- Yamagata Masakage
- Yamamoto Kansuke
Other Generals
The Takeda Shingen Festival in Japan
The Takeda Shingen festival takes place in Kofu across the first weekend every April. The Twenty-Four Generals (武田二十四将 were just one of many historically famous groupings of battle commanders from Japan's Sengoku Period. was a retainer in the service of the Takeda family who served under Takeda Shingen and Takeda Katsuyori. (d 1548 was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, and served the Takeda clan under Takeda Nobutora and Shingen. (d 1582 also known as Baisetsu Nobukimi, was a Japanese samurai also known as Baba Nobufusa was a Samurai of Japan 's Sengoku period and one of Takeda Shingen 's so-called " Twenty-Four Generals " was a senior retainer of the Takeda clan during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history. (1497-1564 was a senior retainer of the Takeda clan during the late Sengoku period of Japanese history. was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period, who was the younger brother of Takeda Shingen, the ruler of Kai Province. Itagaki Nobukata (板垣信方 died 1548 - 03-23) was a retainer of the Takeda family. (b 1527 d 1578 was one of Takeda Shingen 's most loyal retainers and one of his ' Twenty-Four Generals ' during the Sengoku period of Japan ( 1522 - June 29, 1575) was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. Obata Masamori (小幡昌盛(1534– March 29, 1582) also known as Obata Nobusada, was one of Takeda Shingen 's ' Twenty-four Generals was a retainer of the Takeda clan throughout the latter Sengoku Period of Feudal Japan. was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period, who served the Takeda clan. was a Japanese Pirate during the latter part of the Sengoku period and the Azuchi-Momoyama period of Japan. (1545-1582 was a Japanese samurai general in the Takeda army under Takeda Shingen, and later under Takeda Katsuyori. (1537-1575 a famed retainer of the Japanese clan of Takeda during the Sengoku period (16th century of Japan ( 1537 - June 29, 1575) was a Japanese samurai of the 16th century who served the Takeda clan. (1512?-d 1574 was a daimyō (feudal lord of Shinano Province who became one of Takeda Shingen 's ' Twenty-four Generals ' (his most (1501-1563 was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, who served the Takeda clan. was a senior retainer beneath the clan of Takeda throughout the late Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. (d 1575 was a samurai commander of the late Sengoku period of Japanese history (1525-1561 was a Samurai of Japan's Sengoku period, and younger brother of Takeda Shingen. (1524-1575 was one of the 24 generals of the Takeda clan. He was famous for his red armour and skill in battlefield and was a personal friend of Takeda Shingen. (1501 &ndash October 18, 1561) was a Japanese samurai of the 16th century who was one of Takeda Shingen 's most trusted Twenty-Four Generals (1544 (1547? - July 13, 1611) was a Japanese Sengoku period Daimyo. was a Japanese Samurai of the Sengoku period who served the Takeda clan. was a retainer beneath the Takeda clan of Kai Province during the latter Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. Usually a famous Japanese TV actor is hired to play the part of Takeda Shingen himself. There are several parades going to and from the Takeda Shrine and Kofu Castle. is a Shinto shrine located in Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, and houses the deity of Takeda Shingen. Maizuru Castle Park is a park and historical site in Kofu Yamanashi, Japan. These parades are very theatrical involving serious re-enactors who practice over the course of the rest of the year for this one weekend in April. The parades reflect the different comings and goings of Takeda Shingen during his life.
Takeda Shingen in fiction and drama
See Japanese historical people in popular culture. Many significant Japanese historical people appear in works of popular culture such as Anime, Manga, and Video games.
References
- ^ Takeuchi, Rizō. Nihonshi shōjiten (A Concise Dictionary of Japanese History). Kadokawa shoten, Tokyo (1985), p. 204.
- ^ Arai, Masayoshi. Nihonshi Jiten (Dictionary of Japanese History). Ōbunsha, Tokyo (1987), pp. 249.
- ^ E. Papinot "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan" Charles E. Tuttle Co. , Inc. 1984
- ^ Stephen Turnbull "The Samurai Source Book" Cassel 1998
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