Taishang-huang (Chinese: 太上皇; pinyin: tàishàng huáng) was a Chinese title, sometimes translated in English as Retired Emperor, Grand Emperor or Emperor Emeritus used throughout East Asia, occasionally given to former emperors who had (at least in name) abdicated voluntarily to their sons. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of The title originated, however, from Liu Bang (Emperor Gao of Han)'s father Liu Zhijia (劉執嘉), who was honored as such after Liu Bang declared himself emperor in 202, even though Liu Zhijia was never emperor himself. Early life Liú Bāng was born into a lower class farming family in Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu Province) Liu Taigong ( Chinese: 刘太公 Pinyin: Liú Tàigōng ? - 197 BC literally meaning a senior person named Liu was the father of Liu Bang, the founding The title, or variants thereof, were occasionally used in all states within the Chinese sphere of influence, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Although technically no longer the reigning sovereign, there are instances like the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, where the emperor continued to exert considerable if not more power than the reigning emperor. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China
In Japan the title was Daijō-tennō (kanji: 太上天皇 Hepburn: daijō-tennō), or just Jōkō (kanji: 上皇; Hepburn: jōkō). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana The is named after James Curtis Hepburn, who used it to transcribe the sounds of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet in the third edition of his Japanese–English are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana The is named after James Curtis Hepburn, who used it to transcribe the sounds of the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet in the third edition of his Japanese–English In Vietnam the title was Thai thuong hoang (quoc ngu: Thái thượng hoàng; chu nom: 太上皇), or just Thuong hoang (quoc ngu: Thượng hoàng; chu nom: 上皇), and it was used even for a retired king (there were no emperors in Vietnam before 1802). Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ Chữ Nôm ( IPA: /cɨ3ˀ5 nom33/ chữ Nôm in Unicode: 字[[wikt 喃|喃]]/ 𡨸 喃/ 𡦂 喃 chữ Nôm in Unicode The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ Chữ Nôm ( IPA: /cɨ3ˀ5 nom33/ chữ Nôm in Unicode: 字[[wikt 喃|喃]]/ 𡨸 喃/ 𡦂 喃 chữ Nôm in Unicode In Korea there were no emperors before 1897, but when applied to Chinese or Japanese context, the title in Korean is Sang-hwang (hangul: 상황; hanja: 上皇), or sometimes even Taesang Hwang (hangul: 태상황; hanja: 太上皇). Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated After 1897, when Korea became an empire, there was only one instance of retired emperor: Emperor Gojong, who was forced to abdicate by the Japanese in 1907. However, he was given the title Tae Hwangje (hangul: 태황제; hanja: 太皇帝). Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated
Instances of Chinese rulers who were granted the title Taishang Huang:
- Emperor Gaozu of the Tang, who abdicated in 626 and was made Taishang Huang until his death in 635. Background and early career Li Yuan's seventh-generation ancestor was Li Gao, the founder of the Sixteen Kingdoms state Western Liang. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by
- Emperor Ruizong of Tang, who abdicated in 712 and was made Taishang Huang until his death in 716. Background Li Xulun was born in 662 as the youngest son of Emperor Gaozong and his second wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by
- Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, who abdicated in 756 and was made Taishang Huang until his death in 762. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ( ( September 8, 685 Background Li Longji was born at the Tang Dynasty eastern capital Luoyang The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by
- Zhengtong Emperor (Yingzong) of the Ming from his capture by the Mongols in 1449 until his return to the throne in 1457. First Reign Zhu Qizhen was the son of the Xuande Emperor Zhu Zhanji and his Empress Sun The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led
- Qianlong Emperor (Gaozong) of the Qing who abdicated in 1796 and was made Taishang Huang until his death in 1799. Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China
In Japan, there was a political system called Cloistered rule, in which Jōkō exerted power and influence from behind the scenes even after retirement. The Insei system (院政 or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan, in which the Emperor abdicated but kept exerting power and influence
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