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The taifa kingdoms in 1031 immediately after the fracturing of the caliphate.
The taifa kingdoms in 1031 immediately after the fracturing of the caliphate.

A taifa (from Arabic: طائفة‎ ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if) in the history of Iberia was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, an emirate or petty kingdom, of which a number formed in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Arab Monarch styled Emir. A petty kingdom is an independent realm recognizing no suzerain and controlling only a portion of the territory held by a particular ethnic group or nation Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of

The origins of the taifas must be sought in the administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, as well in the ethnic division of the elite of this state, divided among Arabs (a powerful but tiny minority), Berbers, Iberian Muslims (known as Muladíes - the overwhelming majority) and Eastern European former slaves. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Muladi (muladí, pl muladíes or muwallad (pl muwalladun or muwalladeen) were Muslims of ethnic Saqaliba ( Arabic: صقالبة sg Siqlabi) refers to the Slavs, particularly Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab

There was a second period when taifas arose, toward the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid rulers were in decline. The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during

During the heyday of the taifas, in the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, their emirs (rulers) competed among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. Emir ( Arabic: ar أمير;, female أميرة; emira;) ( Farsi and Urdu: امیر) They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.

Reversing the trend of the Umayyad period, when the Christian kingdoms of the north had often had to pay tribute to the Caliph, the disintegration of the Caliphate left the rival Muslim kingdoms were much weaker than their Christian counterparts, particularly the Castilian-Leonese monarchy, and had to submit to them, paying tributes known as parias.

Due to their military weakness, taifa princes appealed for North African warriors to come fight Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravids were invited after the fall of Toledo (1085), and the Almohads after the fall of Lisbon (1147). The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. These warriors did not in fact help the taifa emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires.

Taifas often hired Christian mercenaries to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). A mercenary is a person who takes part in an armed conflict who is not a national or a party to the conflict and is "motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by The most dynamic taifa, which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was Seville. The Taifa of Seville (Arabic طائفة أشبيليّة Ta'ifa Ishbiliya)was a short lived kingdom in what is now southern Spain and Portugal Zaragoza was also very powerful and expansive, but inhibited by the neighbour Christian states of the Pyrenees. Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés Zaragoza, Toledo, and Badajoz had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate. Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Badajoz - (IPA, formerly written Badajos in English the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community

List of taifas

History of al-Andalus
711 - 1492

711 - 732 Invasions

756 - 1039 Omayyads of Córdoba

1039 - 1085 Taifas

1085-1145 Almoravids

1147 - 1238 Almohads

1238 - 1492 Kingdom of Granada
connected articles

The names are in modern Portuguese and Spanish. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The Umayyad conquest of Hispania ( 711 – 718) began as an army of the Umayyad Caliphate consisting largely of Berbers inhabitants The Battle of Guadalete was fought in 711 or 712 at an unidentified location between the Christian Visigoths of Hispania under their king Roderic The Battle of Toulouse ( 721) was a victory of a Frankish army led by Duke Odo of Aquitaine over an Umayyad army besieging the city of The Battle of Tours (October 10 732 also called the Battle of Poitiers and in معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’ Battle of Court ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of This article is about the Andalusian Muslim general and statesman Al-Mansur (938 - 1002 The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during The Almoravids, was a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of North-Western Africa and the Iberian peninsula during The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic الموحدون al-Muwahhidun, i The July 16 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa ( Spanish: Batalla de Las Navas de Tolosa / Arabic: معركة العقاب Granada is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. The Nasrid dynasty or Banuu Nasri (بنو نصر was the last Arab and Muslim dynasty in Spain. The Battle of Granada was the siege of the city of Granada over a period of months leading up to its capitulation on the 2 January 1492 The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period

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Albarracín is a town of Spain, in the province of Teruel, part of the autonomous community of Aragon. Algeciras - Arabic: الجزيرة الخضراء is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar Alpuente is a town and Municipality in the province of Valencia, part of Valencia (autonomous community, Spain. Badajoz - (IPA, formerly written Badajos in English the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean Majorca ( Spanish and Mallorca is the largest island of Spain. Évora (ˈɛvuɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The city proper has 41159 inhabitants and the municipality has a total area of 1307 Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain located on the Mediterranean, on the North African side of the Strait of Gibraltar, which The Córdoban Republic was a Republican Taifa that replaced the teetering Umayyad Caliph as the government of Córdoba Dénia (in Catalan; Spanish: Denia) is the judicial seat of the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante The Taifa of Granada (Arabic طائفة غرناطة, Ta'ifa Garnata) was a kingdom in what is now Granada province in Guadix, a city of southern Spain, in the province of Granada; on the left bank of the river Guadix a sub-tributary of the Guadiana Menor and on the Madrid Jaén (جيان: Jayyān is a city in south-central Spain, the name is probably derived from the Arabic word Jayyan (crossroads of caravans Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. Lorca is a city in southeast Spain, in the autonomous community of Murcia and 36 miles SW of the city of Murcia. Minorca ( Catalan and Spanish: Menorca; from Latin Balearis Minor, later Minorica "minor island" is one of the Mértola ( pron 'mɛɾtulɐ is a municipality in southeastern Portugal next to the Spanish border Molina is a Spanish and Italian Surname. It may refer to A Alfonso of Molina (1203&ndash1272 second son of King Murcia ( is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, located at the river Segura in south-eastern Spain. Sagunto ( Valencian Sagunt; Latin Saguntum) formerly Murviedro (Valencian Morvedre) is an ancient city in Eastern For the town in the province of Teruel Spain see Orihuela del Tremedal Orihuela in Spanish or Oriola in Valencian Purchena is a small typical Andalusian Town of 1650 people It is situated inland the county of Almería at the foot For the municipality in the Philippines see Ronda Cebu, and the former settlement in California United States see Ronda California. Huelva is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. The Algarve ( pron aɫ'gaɾv(ɨ is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. Santarém (sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ is a Portuguese city and municipality Segorbe is a municipality in the mountainous coastal province of Castelló, autonomous community of Valencia, Spain. Segura ( Latin Thader, Arabic War-Alabiat, Spanish and Catalan Segura) is a medium-sized The Taifa of Seville (Arabic طائفة أشبيليّة Ta'ifa Ishbiliya)was a short lived kingdom in what is now southern Spain and Portugal Silves ( pron 'siɫvɨʃ is a town and a municipality in the Algarve, southern Portugal. Tavira or Tabira is another name for Durango Spain. Tavira ( pron Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Tortosa ( Latin: Dertusa or Dertosa, Arabic: طرطوشة Ṭurṭūšah) is the capital of the comarca Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former
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