A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a shirt, usually buttonless, collarless, and pocketless, with a round neck and short sleeves, that is pulled on over the head and covers most of a person's torso. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human from which extend the neck and limbs The sleeves of the T-shirt extend at least slightly over the shoulder but not completely over the elbow (in short-sleeve version). A shirt that is either longer or shorter than this ceases to be a T-shirt.
T-shirts are typically made of cotton or polyester fibers (or a mix of the two), knitted together in a jersey stitch that gives a T-shirt its distinctive soft texture. T-shirts are often decorated with text and/or pictures, sometimes used to advertise.
T-shirt fashions include styles for men and women, and for all age groups, including baby, youth, and adult sizes.
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History
The T-shirt (originally called a "vest" or "under-vest") was developed in England around 1880 as a form of underwear to be worn under men's shirts. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Undergarments are clothes worn under other clothes often next to the skin [1] The shirt was always a part of clothing since ancient Egypt, though it slowly became more and more popular. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Hence, there have been many garments that resemble the T-shirt,[2] though the general trend supported the possibility of less clothing, which cultural modesty had forbidden until the 19th century. Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather Standards of modesty (also called demureness or reticence) are aspects of the Culture of a Country or people at a given point in time The origin of the T-shirt is obscure — claims reach at least from California to Britain, and from 1913 to 1948, and it was most likely a slow development. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Most research mentions this possibility that the idea of the T-shirt came to the United States during World War I when US soldiers noticed the light cotton undershirts European soldiers were using while the US soldiers were sweating in their wool uniforms. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp An undershirt is an article of Underwear worn underneath a Shirt. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity Since they were much more comfortable they quickly became popular among the Americans, and because of their design they got the name T-shirt. Other experts credit the U.S. Navy's "light undershirt" from 1913, described with "elastic collarette on the neck opening, called "crew neck". [3] The Los Angeles Times claimed in 2006 that the Navy shirt as described in 1913's regulations state that the "light undershirt" was different from what is commonly worn today, with the Navy's version boasting an "elastic collarette on the neck opening" and other odd features. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed [4]
On these grounds, there are claims that Howard Jones asked the underwear company "Jockey" in 1932 to develop a sweat absorbing shirt for the USC Trojans football team, which they propose was the "modern T-Shirt". Howard Harding Jones ( August 23 1885 - July 27 1941) was an American College football coach at Syracuse (1908 Jockey International Inc is a company known for its line of Underwear, sleepwear and Socks for men women and children The USC Trojans football program established in 1888, is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division [4][5]
The origin of the name is uncertain: many refer to the shape of the shirt as a "T", while it could emphasize the use of the army as a "training shirt". The shape-based theory is supported by the existence of an A-shirt in the 1930s USA, which was the usual undershirt later labeled the tank top. A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves It is also a possibility that the name "tee" comes from amputee, a reference to the shortened length of the arms. Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or Surgery.
During World War II the T-shirt had become standard issue underwear in the U.S. Army and the Navy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Undergarments are clothes worn under other clothes often next to the skin The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Although the T-shirt was formally underwear, soldiers often used it without a shirt covering it while doing heavy labor or while stationed in locations with a hot climate, just like their former underwear. As a result, the public was frequently exposed to pictures of members of the armed forces wearing pants and a T-shirt. This became gradually more acceptable, as the cover of the July 13, 1942 issue of Life magazine shows, which features a picture of a soldier wearing a T-shirt with the text "Air Corps Gunnery School". Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [6]
After WWII the T-shirt started appearing without a shirt covering it in civilian life. According to the New York Times, the 1948 presidential campaign of New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey produced a "Dew It for Dewey" T-shirt, which was followed in 1952 by "I Like Ike" T-shirts in support of Dwight D. Thomas Edmund Dewey ( March 24, 1902 – March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955 and the unsuccessful Republican Eisenhower. John Wayne, Marlon Brando and James Dean all wore them on national TV. John Wayne ( May 26, 1907 &ndash June 11, 1979) was an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award -winning American Marlon Brando Jr (April 3 1924 – July 1 2004 was an Academy Award -winning American Actor, whose body of work spanned over half a century James Byron Dean ( February 8 1931 &ndash September 30 1955) was a two-time Oscar -nominated American Film Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic At first the public was shocked, but by 1955 it had become acceptable. [7]
Trends
T-shirts were originally worn as undershirts. Tie-dye is typically brightly colored patterned Textile or clothing which is made from knit or woven fabric usually Cotton, through a Resist dyeing This still occurs, but T-shirts are now also frequently worn as the only piece of clothing on the top half of the body (other than possibly a bra or an undershirt (vest). Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather brassiere ( Brit /'bɹæzɪə(ɹ/ US /bɹə'ziɹ/ commonly referred to as a bra, /bɹɑ/ is an article of clothing that covers supports and elevates Sleeveless Jackets or coats, known as vests in the US and as waistcoats in the UK and Ireland T-shirts have also become a medium for self-expression and advertising, with any imaginable combination of words, art and even photographs on display.
In the early 1950s several companies based in Miami, Florida, started to decorate tee shirts with different resort names and various characters. The first company was Tropix Togs, under founder Sam Kantor, in Miami. They were the original licensee for Walt Disney characters that included Mickey Mouse and Davy Crockett. Later other companies expanded into the tee shirt printing business that included Sherry Manufacturing Company also based in Miami. Sherry started in 1948 by its owner and founder Quinton Sandler as a screen print scarf business and evolved into one of the largest screen printed resort and licensed apparel companies in the United States.
A T-shirt typically extends to the waist, although one fashion is for "oversized" T-shirts that may extend down to the knees, namely in modern hip hop fashion. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Hip-hop fashion is a distinctive style of dress originating with African-American youth in The Bronx ( New York City) and later influenced by A more recent trend in women's clothing involves tight-fitting "cropped" T-shirts that are short enough to reveal the midriff. In the human body the midriff is the section of the body between the Chest and the Waist, i Another popular trend is wearing a "long-sleeved T-shirt", then putting a short sleeved T-shirt of a different color over the long sleeved shirt. This is known as "layering".
In the 1960s, the ringer T-shirt appeared and became a staple fashion for youth and rock-n-rollers. A ringer T-shirt is a T-shirt in which the jersey shirt fabric is one color but the ribbing used for the collar and the sleeve bands are of a contrasting color The decade also saw the emergence of tie-dyeing and screen-printing on the basic T-shirt. Tie-dye is typically brightly colored patterned Textile or clothing which is made from knit or woven fabric usually Cotton, through a Resist dyeing Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink blocking stencil In 1959, plastisol, a more durable and stretchable ink, was invented, allowing much more variety in T-shirt designs. Plastisol is a type of Ink used for Silkscreen printing on to Textiles Plastisols are the most commonly used inks for printing designs on to garments [8]
Variants of the T-shirt, such as the tank top, A-shirt (with the nickname "wife beater"), muscle shirt, scoop neck, V-neck etc. A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves A sleeveless shirt, tank top or singlet (or sometimes Vest) is a Shirt manufactured without Sleeves or one where the sleeves A scoop neck Shirt is one in which the Scoop -shape Neckline is dropped significantly below normal limits but generally not so far as A-neck eventually came into use.
Decoration
The most common form of commercial T-shirt decoration is screen-printing. Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink blocking stencil In screen-printing, a design is separated into individual colors. Plastisol or water based inks are applied to the shirt through mesh screens which limits the areas where ink is deposited. Plastisol is a type of Ink used for Silkscreen printing on to Textiles Plastisols are the most commonly used inks for printing designs on to garments An ink is a Liquid containing various Pigments and/or Dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an Image, text, or In most commercial T-shirt printing, the specific colors in the design are used. To achieve a wider color spectrum with a limited number of colors, process printing (using only cyan, magenta, yellow and black ink) or simulated process (using only white, black, red, green, blue, and gold ink) is effective. Process printing is best suited for light colored shirts. Simulated process is best suited for dark colored shirts. Very few companies continue to use water-based ink's on their shirts. The majority of other companies that create shirts prefer to use plastisol due to the ability to print on varying colors without the need for color adjustment at the art level.
Specialty inks trend in and out of fashion and include; shimmer, puff, discharge and chino based inks. A metallic foil can be heat pressed and stamped onto any plastisol ink. When combined with shimmer ink, metallics give a mirror like effect wherever the previously screened plastisol ink was applied. Specialty inks are more expensive to purchase as well as screen and tend to appear on garments in boutiques.
Other methods of decoration used on T-shirts include airbrush, applique, embroidery, impressing or embossing and the ironing on of either flock lettering, heat transfers, or dye-sublimation transfers. An airbrush is a small air-operated tool that sprays various media including Ink and Dye, but most often Paint by a process of Nebulization In its broadest sense an applique or appliqué is a smaller ornament or device applied to another surface Embroidery is the Art or Handicraft of decorating fabric or other Materials with designs stitched in strands of thread or Ironing or smoothing is the work of using a heated tool or tools (an iron) to remove Wrinkles from fabric A dye-sublimation printer (or dye-sub printer) is a Computer printer which employs a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye to a medium such as a plastic Laser printers are capable of printing on plain paper using a special toner containing sublimation dyes which can then be permanently heat-transferred to T-shirts. A laser printer is a common type of Computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper For the Irish surname see Toner (surname. Toner is a powder used in Laser printers and Photocopiers to form
In the 1980s, thermochromatic dyes were used to produce T-shirts that changed colour when subjected to heat. Thermochromatic ink is a type of Dye that changes color when Temperatures increase or decrease This brand of T-shirt, Global Hypercolour, was a common sight on the streets of the UK for a few years, but has since mostly disappeared. Hypercolor was a line of clothing mainly T-shirts and Shorts, that changed Color with heat The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located These were very popular in the United States as well in the late 80's among teens. A downside of color-change garments is that the dyes can easily be damaged, especially by washing in warm water, or dye other clothes during washing. Laundry can be items of Clothing and other Textiles that require Washing the act of washing clothing and textiles
At the turn of the century, designing custom T-shirts online became more popular. Websites like Zazzle. Zazzle is an online retailer that allows users to upload images and create their own merchandise (clothing posters etc or buy merchandise created by other users similar to CafePress com and CafePress.com use digital printing to allow customers to design their own T-shirts online with no minimum orders and is now becoming a more mainstream way of ordering school, team, music and political graphic T-shirts. CafePresscom is an online Retailer that produces and dispatches user-customized products on demand including teeshirts bags mugs wallclocks and calendars
Messages
Since the late 1980s and especially the 1990s, T-shirts with prominent designer-name logos have been popular, especially with teenagers and young adults. These garments allowed consumers to flaunt their taste in designer brands in an inexpensive way, in addition to being decorative. Examples of designer T-shirt branding include Calvin Klein, FUBU, Ralph Lauren and The Gap. Calvin Klein Inc is an American fashion brand founded in 1968 by Calvin Klein. FUBU is a clothing company It includes casual wear sports wear a suite collection eyewear belts and shoes For the company see Polo Ralph Lauren. Ralph Lauren (born Ralph Lifshitz on October 14, 1939) is an American The Gap Incorporated ( is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in San Francisco California, and founded in 1969 by Donald Fisher These examples also include representations of rock bands, among other obscure pop-culture references.
Screen printed T-shirts have been a standard form of product advertising for major consumer products, such as Coca-cola and Mickey Mouse, since the 1970s. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Mickey Mouse is a comic animal Cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. However, since the 1990s, it has become common practice for companies of all sizes to produce T-shirts with their corporate logos or messages as part of their overall advertising campaigns. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand
The early 2000s saw the renewed popularity of T-shirts with slogans and designs with a strong inclination to the humorous and/or ironic. The trend has only increased later in this decade; embraced by celebrities, such as Britney Spears and Paris Hilton, and reflected back on them, too ('Team Aniston'). Britney Jean Spears (born December 2 1981 is an American recording artist and entertainer
The political and social statements that T-shirts often display have become, since the 2000s, one of the reasons that they have so deeply permeated different levels of culture and society. The statements also may be found to be offensive, shocking or pornographic to some. Many different organizations have caught on to the statement-making trend, including chain and independent stores, websites, and schools.
A popular phrase on the front of T-shirts demonstrating T-shirts popularity among tourists is the humorous phrase "I did _____ and all I got was this lousy T-shirt. " Examples include "I went to Las Vegas and all I got was this lousy T-shirt. " and "My parents went to San Francisco and all I got was this lousy T-shirt. "
T-shirt exchange is an activity where people trade their T-shirts they are wearing. Some designs specifically write on the shirt "trade with me"
See also
References
- ^ C. A wet T-shirt contest is an exhibitionistic Beauty contest that typically features young women performing at a nightclub bar or resort A concert T-shirt is a T-shirt that is associated with a Concert or a Concert tour, usually rock or metal. Inkjet transfer or Inkjet photo transfer is a technique to transfer a photograph or graphic printedwith an Inkjet printer onto textiles cups CDs glass and other A Course T-shirt is a traditional garment produced privately by members of the Canadian Forces. Willet and Phillis Cunnington, "The History of Underclothes", Dover Publications Inc. , New York 1992. ISBN 0-486-27124-2 p. 191
- ^ Mark Dixon, From underwear to outerwear
- ^ Articles : History of the T-shirt
- ^ a b Randye Hoder, You Saw it Here First, Los Angeles Times, October 22, 2006. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Virginia Lynn. The History of the T-Shirt, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, February 13, 2007. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Cover". July 13, 1942. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Life Magazine, http://www. liberatorcrew. com/15_Gunnery/Photos/LifeCover_T. jpg (retrieved 2007-01-21)
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/art/howto/tshirts/history.shtml
- ^ A History of T-shirts
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