A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music in one movement in which some extramusical program provides a narrative or illustrative element. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. This program may come from a poem, a story or novel, a painting, or another source. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e
A symphonic poem may stand on its own, or it can be part of a series combined into a suite (in the Romantic rather than the Baroque sense). In Music, a suite is an ordered set of Instrumental or Orchestral pieces normally performed in a Concert For example, "The Swan of Tuonela" (1895) is a tone poem from Sibelius's Lemminkäinen Suite.
Musical works such as tone poems based on extramusical sources are often referred to as program music, while music which has no such associations may be called absolute music. Programme music is a form of Art music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas images in the mind of the listener by musically representing a scene image or mood Absolute music (sometimes abstract music) is a term used to describe musicthat is not explicitly "about" anything non-representational ornon-objective
History
The history of the symphonic poem can be traced back to the dramatic overtures of Ludwig van Beethoven such as those for Egmont and Coriolanus. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Egmont, opus 84 by Ludwig van Beethoven, is a set of incidental music pieces for the 1787 play of the same name by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Ouvertüre Coriolan op 62, is a composition written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1807 to Heinrich Joseph von Collin 's 1804 Tragedy By the early- to mid-19th century, composers were writing 'concert overtures', theatrical, colorful and evocative orchestral movements created for performance independent of any opera or theater-piece. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto For examples, among the symphonic poems created before Liszt were the Der Beherrscher der Geister ("The Ruler of the Spirits", 1811), by Carl Maria von Weber and the Hebrides Overture (also known as Fingal's Cave, 1830) by Felix Mendelssohn. Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber ( 18 December 1786 in Eutin, Holstein, Germany - 5 June 1826 in London The Hebrides Overture (German Die Hebriden) opus 26 also known as Fingal's Cave, is a Concert overture composed by Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer
In 1830 Hector Berlioz completed his Symphonie Fantastique. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display An Episode in the Life of the Artist Opus 14 usually referred to by its subtitle Symphonie fantastique ( Fantasy Symphony) is Unlike earlier orchestral character pieces, the Symphonie Fantastique follows a complete and specific narrative, which is about an artist's unrequited and obsessive love for a woman, his subsequent attempt at suicide, and finally his grotesque visions while in an opium-induced trance. The symphony, a semi-autobiographical depiction of Berlioz himself, ignited controversy and sensation, and set off many a heated philosophical debate about program music versus absolute music. Programme music is a form of Art music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas images in the mind of the listener by musically representing a scene image or mood Absolute music (sometimes abstract music) is a term used to describe musicthat is not explicitly "about" anything non-representational ornon-objective
One composer who reacted enthusiastically to the Fantastique was Franz Liszt. Liszt and his colleagues believed that progress would involve merging all forms of art, a grand synthesis of music, literature, drama and painting. Liszt wrote thirteen symphonic poems on themes from literature, history, and visual art, and he is usually credited with inventing the genre of the modern symphonic poem.
The form was taken up enthusiastically by composers including Bedřich Smetana, Jean Sibelius, Antonín Dvořák, and Richard Strauss, and remained a popular musical form through much of the twentieth century. "Smetana" redirects here For the soured cream see Smetana (dairy product. Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( (often pronounced in English as; DVOR-zhahk; September 8 1841 – May 1 1904 was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted Many symphonic poems have entered popular culture through their use in media and film: for example Strauss's Also Sprach Zarathustra and Paul Dukas's The Sorcerer's Apprentice. Also sprach Zarathustra op 30 is a Tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche 's book Paul Abraham Dukas (October 1 1865 &ndash May 17 1935 was a Parisian born French Composer and teacher of classical music. The Sorcerer's Apprentice is the English name of Goethe 's poem Der Zauberlehrling (1797
Partial list
- See also: Category:Symphonic poems
The following is a brief list of some notable symphonic poems and their composers.
- Kossuth (1903)
- Tintagel
- The Garden of Fand, and others
- Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune
- Dances Sacrée et Profane for harp and orchestra (1903)
- La Mer, esquisses symphoniques (Symphonic Sketches) for orchestra (1905)
- L'apprenti-sorcier ("The Sorcerer's Apprentice")
- The Golden Spinning Wheel
- The Noon Witch
- The Water Goblin
- The Wood Dove
- The Hero's Song
- Le Chasseur Maudit ("The Accursed Huntsman")
- Returning Waves, op. Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Bax, KCVO ( 8 November 1883 &ndash 3 October 1953) was an English Composer and poet Tintagel (tɪnˈtædʒəl with the stress on the second syllable Cornish: Dintagell) is a village situated on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Александр Порфирьевич Бородин Aleksandr Porfir'evič Borodin) ( &ndash) was a Russian Composer In the Steppes of Central Asia is the common English title for a "musical tableau" (or Symphonic poem) by Alexander Borodin. George Whitefield Chadwick ( November 13, 1854 – April 4, 1931) was an American Composer. Symphonic Sketches was composed by George Whitefield Chadwick from about 1895 to 1904 Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun (commonly known by its original French title Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune) is a Musical composition La mer trois esquisses symphoniques pour orchestre (French for The sea three symphonic sketches for orchestra) or simply La Mer Frederick Albert Theodore Delius CH (29 January 1862 &ndash 10 June 1934 was an English Composer born in Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire A Song of Summer is a Tone poem for Orchestra by Frederick Delius. "Once upon a time" is a Stock phrase that has been used in some form since at least 1380 (according to the Oxford English Dictionary) in On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring is a Tone poem composed in 1912 by Frederick Delius; it was first performed in Leipzig on October 2 1913 Paul Abraham Dukas (October 1 1865 &ndash May 17 1935 was a Parisian born French Composer and teacher of classical music. The Sorcerer's Apprentice is the English name of Goethe 's poem Der Zauberlehrling (1797 Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( (often pronounced in English as; DVOR-zhahk; September 8 1841 – May 1 1904 was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed The Noon Witch (or The Noonday Witch Op 108/ B 196 is a Symphonic poem (tone poem by Antonín Dvořák inspired by a poem by Karel Erben. The Water Goblin ( Vodník) is a Symphonic poem, Op 107 (B195 written by Antonín Dvořák in 1896. George Enescu (pronunciation in Romanian: /'ʤěorʤe e'nesku/ known in France as Georges Enesco) ( August 19 1881, Liveni &ndash Vox maris (Op 31 is a Symphonic poem finished around 1954 by the Romanian Composer George Enescu. César Franck (December 10 1822 – November 8 1890 a Composer, Organist and music teacher of Belgian and German origin who lived in France Le Chasseur Maudit ( The Accursed Huntsman) is a Symphonic poem by César Franck. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. This article is about the Gershwin composition For the 1951 musical starring Gene Kelly see An American in Paris (film. Cuban Overture is a symphonic overture for Orchestra composed by American composer George Gershwin. George Percy Grainger (8 July 1882&ndash20 February 1961 was an Australian born Composer, Pianist and champion of the Saxophone and the Train Music is a piece of Music for Orchestra written by the Australian Composer Percy Grainger. Gustav Theodore Holst (21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934was an English Composer and was a music teacher for nearly 20 years Egdon Heath is a fictitious heath in Hardy's Wessex, a hamlet of people who cut the Furze, or Gorse, that grows there Arthur Honegger (March 10 1892 &ndash November 27 1955 was a Swiss Composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Pacific 231 is an orchestral work by Arthur Honegger, written in 1923 Mieczysław Karłowicz ( December 11, 1876 &ndash February 8, 1909) was one of most talented Polish Composers and 9 (1904)
- Eternal Songs, op. 10 (1906)
- Lithuanian Rhapsody, op. 11 (1906)
- Stanisław i Anna Ošwiecimovie, op. 12 (1906)
- Sorrowful Tale, op. 13 (1908)
- An Episode during Masquerade, op. 14 (1908-09)
- Ce qu'on entend sur la montagne, (1848-9) (after Victor Hugo)
- Tasso: lamento e trionfo, (1849) (after Byron)
- Les Préludes, after Lamartine (1848, rev. Ce qu'on entend sur la montagne ( S95) sometimes referred to as 'Bergsymphonie' is the first of thirteen Symphonic poems by Hungarian composer Franz Les Préludes is the third of Franz Liszt 's twelve Symphonic Poems. before 1854)
- Orpheus, (1853-4)
- Prometheus, (1850)
- Mazeppa, (1851)
- Festklänge, (1853)
- Héroïde funèbre, (1849-50)
- Hungaria, (1854)
- Hamlet, (1858)
- Hunnenschlacht, (1857)
- Die Ideale (1857) (after Schiller)
- Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe (1881-2)
- Prince Rostislav (1891)
- The Rock, op. Hunnenschlacht (The Battle of the Huns S105, is a Symphonic poem by Franz Liszt, written in 1857 after a painting of the same Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, Paul McCartney's Standing Stone is Paul McCartney 's second full-length release of original classical music and was issued shortly after Flaming Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March A Night on the Bald Mountain usually refers to one of two compositions—either a seldom performed early (1867 ' musical picture ' by Modest Mussorgsky, WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Сергей Васильевич Рахманинов 7 (1893)
- Caprice Bohémien, op. 12 (1894)
- Isle of the Dead, op. Isle of the Dead, Op 29 is a Symphonic poem composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff. 29 (1909)
- Bebek Efsanesi, symponic poem for orchestra
- Karagöz
- Denizciler Marşı Başlayış
- Çağrılış
- Fatih
- Brazilian Impressions
- The Roman trilogy, The Pines of Rome, The Fountains of Rome, and Roman Festivals
- Night on Mount Triglav
- Sadko (Symphonic Picture)
- Le Rouet d'Omphale, op. Cemal Reşit Rey ( October 25 1904 - October 7 1985) was a famous Turkish Composer, Pianist, Script writer For the astronomer see Lorenzo Respighi (1824—1889 For the crater named after Lorenzo Respighi see Respighi (crater. See also Fountains in Rome Fontane di Roma ( English "Fountains of Rome" is a 1916 work by the Italian Composer Feste Romane ( English “Roman Festivals” is a work for very large Symphony orchestra composed in 1926 by the Italian Composer Ottorino Silvestre Revueltas ( December 31, 1899 - October 5, 1940) was a Mexican Composer of classical music, Violinist Sensemayá is a Poem by the Cuban poet Nicolás Guillén, adapted as an Orchestral work by the Mexican composer Silvestre Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Sadko (Садко was a legendary Hero of a Russian Bylina (epic tale with the same name a merchant and Gusli musician from Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns (/ʃaʁl kamij sɛ̃sɑ̃s/ (9 October 1835 &ndash 16 December 1921 was a French Composer, Organist, conductor, and 31
- Phaéton, op. 39
- Danse macabre, op. Danse Macabre (first performed in 1875) is the name of opus 40 by French composer Camille Saint-Saëns. 40
- La Jeunesse d'Hercule, op. 50
- The Poem of Ecstasy, op. Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with Pelleas und Melisande, Symphonic Poem for Orchestra, is Composer Arnold Schoenberg 's first completed orchestral work ( and his Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Скря́бин Aleksandr Nikolaevič Skrjabin; sometimes transliterated as Skriabin 54 (1905)
- Prometheus: The Poem of Fire, op. 60 (1910)
- October, op. Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer 131 (1967)
- Kullervo, Symphony for soprano, baritone, chorus and orchestra Op. Kullervo Op 7 is an early Symphonic poem for soloists chorus and orchestra written by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–-1957 7 (1892)
- En Saga, Tone Poem for orchestra Op. En saga (English translation A fairy tale or A saga) is a Tone poem written by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius 9 (1892)
- Rakastava (The Lover) for male voices and strings or strings and percussion Op. 14 (1893/1911)
- Lemminkäinen Suite (Four Legends from the Kalevala) for orchestra Op. The Lemminkäinen Suite (also called the Four Legends, or Four Legends from the Kalevala) is a work written by the Finnish The Kalevala is a book and epic poem which the Finn Elias Lönnrot compiled from Finnish and Karelian Folklore in the nineteenth 22 (1893)
- Skogsrået (The Wood Nymph), Tone Poem for orchestra Op. 15 (1894)
- Vårsång for orchestra Op. Vårsång, Swedish for "Spring Song" is a piece composed in 1894 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. 16 (1894)
- Kung Kristian (King Christian), Suite from the incidental music for orchestra Op. Jean Sibelius composed the King Christian II Suite in 1898. The concert suite is a selection from Sibelius' own Incidental music —originally composed for 27 (1898)
- Sandels, Improvisation for chorus and orchestra Op. 28 (1898)
- Finlandia for orchestra and chorus (optional) Op. Finlandia Op 26 is a Symphonic poem by the Finnish Composer Jean Sibelius. 26 (1899)
- Snöfrid for reciter, chorus and orchestra Op. 29 (1899)
- Tulen synty (The Origin of Fire) Op. 32 (1902)
- Kuolema ("Valse Triste" and "Scene with Cranes") for orchestra Op. Kuolema ( Death) is a drama by Arvid Järnefelt, first performed in 1903 44 (1904/1906)
- Pohjolan tytär (Pohjola's Daughter), Tone Poem for orchestra Op. The Tone poem Pohjola's Daughter, Op 49 was composed by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius in 1906 49 (1906)
- Svanevit (Swan-white), Suite from the incidental music for orchestra Op. 54 (1908)
- Nightride and Sunrise, Tone Poem for orchestra Op. Nightride and Sunrise is a Symphonic poem composed by Jean Sibelius in 1908 55 (1909)
- Dryadi (The Dryad) for orchestra Op. 45/1 (1910)
- Barden (The Bard), Tone Poem for orchestra and harp Op. The Bard is a brief Tone poem composed in 1913 by Jean Sibelius. 64 (1913/1914)
- Luonnotar, Tone Poem for soprano and orchestra Op. In Kalevala, the Finnish national epic Ilmatar was a virgin spirit of the air. 70 (1913)
- Aallottaret (The Oceanides), Tone Poem for orchestra Op. The Finnish Composer Jean Sibelius wrote the tone poem The Oceanides, op 73 (1914)
- Oma Maa (Our Fatherland) for chorus and orchestra Op. 92 (1918)
- Jordens sång (Song of the Earth) for chorus and orchestra Op. 93 (1919)
- Väinön virsi (Väinö's song) for chorus and orchestra Op. 110 (1926)
- Tapiola, Tone Poem for orchestra Op. Tapiola (literally "Realm of Tapio " op 112 is a tone poem by the Finnish Composer Jean Sibelius 112 (1926)
- Chaleur (1917)
Richard Strauss - one of the most prolific in the genre. "Smetana" redirects here For the soured cream see Smetana (dairy product. Má vlast (traditionally translated as My Country or more literally My Fatherland) is a set of six Symphonic poems composed between 1874 and Má vlast (traditionally translated as My Country or more literally My Fatherland) is a set of six Symphonic poems composed between 1874 and Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji ( August 14, 1892 &ndash October 15, 1988) was a British Parsi Composer, music journalist Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 &ndash 8 September 1949 was a German Composer of the late Romantic era and early modern era particularly noted He preferred the appellation "tone poem".
- Aus Italien
- Don Juan
- Death and Transfiguration
- Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
- Also sprach Zarathustra
- Don Quixote
- Ein Heldenleben
- Symphonia Domestica
- Oresteia (labeled as an "overture", but really a symphonic poem based on themes from his opera of the same name)
- Francesca da Rimini
- The Tempest
- Im Sommerwind (1904)
- Die Seejungfrau (1905)
Dictionary
symphonic poem
-noun
- (music) A piece of orchestral music, in one movement, based on something non-musical, such as a story or a painting.
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