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"Swing time" redirects here. For the film, see Swing Time.

In music, a swung note or shuffle note is a rhythmic device in which the duration of the initial note in a pair is augmented and that of the second is diminished. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of In Music, the term note has two primary meanings 1 a sign used in Musical notation to represent the relative duration and pitch of a Sound; In Music and Music theory augmentation is the lengthening or widening of Rhythms melodies, intervals chords The opposite Diminution, from Italian diminuimento, is a musical term used to mean different things in the context of melodies and intervals or chords. Also known as "notes inégales", swung notes are widely used in jazz music and other jazz-influenced music such as blues and Western swing. In music notes inégales (French unequal notes refers to a performance practice mainly from the Baroque and Classical music eras in which some notes Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression This article is about the Musical genre. For the popular western swing Steel guitar tuning see E9 tuning. A swing or shuffle rhythm is the rhythm produced by playing repeated pairs of notes in this way. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Lilting can refer to swinging, but might also indicate syncopation or other subtle ways of interpreting and shaping musical time. In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced

In dance, swing or shuffle time or rhythm is music whose meter is that of common time played with a swing. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats It may be written as simple time and played with a swing, or as compound time and played as written. In Music, simple meter or simple time is a Time signature or meter in which each beat (or rather portion 1/2 or 1/3 of a In Music, compound meter, compound metre, or compound time ( chiefly British variation) is a Time signature or meter in See transcribing swing rhythms below.

In jazz, the verb "to swing" is also used as a term of praise for playing that has a strong rhythmic "groove" or drive. In jazz and related musical styles the term swing is used to describe the sense of propulsive Rhythmic "feel" or " groove " created by the musical Groove is the sense of propulsive Rhythmic "feel" or sense of " Swing " created by the interaction of the music played by a band's Rhythm section See also swing (genre) for the 1930s-1940s jazz style, and swing (dance) for styles of dance from that same era. Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United The term " swing dance " commonly refers to a group of dances that developed concurrently with the swing style of Jazz music in the 1920s '30s and '40s although

Contents

Types

In some jazz music, especially of the big band era, there is a convention that pairs of written eighth notes are not played equally--as the notation would otherwise be understood--but with the first longer than the second. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late The first note of each of these pairs is often understood to be twice as long as the second, implying a quarter note-eighth note triplet feel, but in practice the difference is rarely that pronounced (see "amount of swing," below). In Music a tuplet is any consecutive group of notes with an individual value more or less than half as long as the next larger note value This is an assumed convention of notation in many styles of jazz, but usually does not apply to jazz before the early 1930s, latin jazz, bebop, or to the work of composers writing in the 1950s or later, unless "swing" is specified in the score. Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz and classical harmonies from Latin America the Caribbean Europe Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Notes that are not swung are called straight notes.

When swung eighth notes are performed, many performers slightly accent the "+" or second eighth note of each pair. In modern jazz, where nearly even eighths has become common they still slightly accent every second eighth note of each pair to achieve a hint of swing. Latin musicians play straight eighths and will say they are "swinging" when they slightly accent the second eighth note of every even pair.

Swing rhythms are sometimes indicated by an indication that pairs of eighth notes should be treated as a quarter and an eighth in a triplet bracket. However, swing rhythms range anywhere from slightly asymmetrical pairs to imbalances of a more pronounced sort (due to the mathematical nature of dividing one beat into 3 equal beats).

The subtler end of the range involves treating written pairs of eighth notes as slightly asymmetrical pairs of similar values. On the other end of the spectrum, the "dotted eighth - one sixteenth" rhythm, consists of a long note three times as long as the short. In Western Musical notation, a dotted note is a Note with a small dot written after it Prevalent "dotted rhythms" such as these in the rhythm section of dance bands in the mid 20th century are more accurately described as a "shuffle"; they are also an important feature of baroque dance and many other styles. A rhythm section is the Musicians in a Popular music band or ensemble who establish the Rhythmic pulse of a Song or musical Baroque dance is Dance of the Baroque era in Europe (roughly 1600–1750 closely linked with Baroque music, theatre and opera Rhythms identified as swung notes most commonly fall somewhere between straight eighths and a quarter-eighth triplet pattern.

The following points of reference are reliable only as approximations of musical practice:

Swing ratios tend to get get wider at slower tempos and narrower at faster tempos. Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music Miles Davis varied his swing ratios, frequently delaying the first note of each pair of eighth notes by some milliseconds and then synchronized the second eighth note with the drummer's swing eighths being played on the cymbal. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Advanced performers often "lay back" or play "behind the beat" when performing jazz melodies by delaying the rhythms by milliseconds.

Quarter notes can sound swung when they are played slightly behind the beat, detached, and accented on the two and four. Or late on one and three, but closer to the beat on two and four. Phrases swing when they begin between the beats. similar to how straight eighths can swing when they are behind the beat which creates an asymmetrical cross rhythm.

Rhythm

In jazz, this interpretive device is assumed in most written music other than dixieland, latin jazz, jazz-funk (soul-jazz) and jazz-fusion and bebop, but may also be indicated. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Dixieland or Dixie is a name for the southeastern portion of the USA; see Southern United States, Dixie. Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz and classical harmonies from Latin America the Caribbean Europe Jazz-funk is a sub-genre of Jazz music characterized by a strong Back beat ( Groove) electrified sounds and often the presence of the first electronic Soul jazz was a development of Hard bop which incorporated strong influences from Blues, Gospel and Rhythm and blues in music for small Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody For example, "Satin Doll", a swing era jazz standard is normally interpreted with a pronounced swing rhythm. " Satin Doll " is a Jazz standard written by Duke Ellington and Billy Strayhorn with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. The Swing Era was the period of time (1935&ndash1946 when Big band Swing music was the most popular music in America. It was published written in 4/4 time, but at least some versions also note medium swing.

In dance music, swing rhythm generally refers to the meter of the music, rather than to this convention of notation, so any music played with the "near-triplet" timing (see above) and swing accent will be referred to as swing rhythm however they are written. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music

Styles

Main article: Swing (genre)

Swing is commonly used in blues, country, jazz, 1930s-1940s swing jazz, and often in many other styles. Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United Except for very fast jazz, slow ballads, latin jazz, and jazz-rock fusion, much written music in jazz is assumed to be performed with a swing rhythm. Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz and classical harmonies from Latin America the Caribbean Europe In some cases, publishers specify that the music is to be performed "with a swing". In jazz and big band music, a shuffle is almost always accompanied by a distinctive "cooking" rhythm played on the ride cymbal or hi hat. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late A ride cymbal is a type of Cymbal that is a standard part of most Drum kits Its function is to maintain a steady Rhythmic pattern sometimes called a A hi-hat, or hihat, is a type of Cymbal and stand used as a typical part of a Drum kit by percussionists in R&B, hip-hop, Disco

Styles that always use traditional (triplet) rhythms, resembling "hard swing," include foxtrot, quickstep and some other ballroom dances, Stride piano, and 1920s-era Novelty piano (the successor to Ragtime style). FoxTrot is an American Comic strip written and illustrated by Bill Amend. Quickstep is an International Style Ballroom dance that follows a 2/4 or 4/4 time beat similar to a fast Foxtrot. Ballroom dance refers collectively to a set of Partner dances which originated in Germany and are now enjoyed both socially and competitively around the Stride, also known as New York ragtime, is a jazz piano style where the pianist's left hand may play a four-beat pulse with a bass note or tenth interval on the first and third Novelty Piano is a Genre of piano music that was popular during the 1920's

Styles that sometimes use swing rhythms include:

Transcription

In the swing era, swing meant accented triplets (shuffle rhythm), suitable for dancing. Green Day is an American rock trio " Tarantula " is a song by The Smashing Pumpkins. It is the first single from their seventh album Zeitgeist, and their first release The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United With the development of bebop and later jazz styles independent of dancing, the term was used for far more general timings. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States There is much debate over use of other ratios than 2:1 in swing rhythms.

Some publishers of jazz music, especially those whose intended audience is people unfamiliar with jazz styles, transcribe the swing either:

In general, where music with a swing meter is required, musicians in the jazz tradition will prefer to read music written in common time and played with a swing, while musicians in the classical tradition will prefer to read music written in compound time and played as written. Meter or metre is a concept related to an underlying division of time characteristic of western music The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats In Music, compound meter, compound metre, or compound time ( chiefly British variation) is a Time signature or meter in

See also

Further reading

External links

Just Jazz Guitar Magazine Article (PDF) Aug 2003 Article is a look at swing timing, what we mean by swing and working on swing feel.

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