| Sweet Potato | ||||||||||||||
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 Sweet potato in flower
Hemingway, South Carolina |
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for |
| Raw Sweet Potato Nutritional value per 100 g (3. 5 oz) |
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| Energy 90 kcal 360 kJ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient Source: USDA Nutrient database |
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The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), commonly called a yam in parts of the United States (although they are not actually yams), is a crop plant whose large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots are an important root vegetable. Yam is the common name for some species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide A tuberous root is a modified lateral Root, enlarged to function as a Storage organ. Root vegetables are plant roots used as Vegetables Other underground plants are often erroneously called root vegetables The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. Leaf vegetables, also called potherbs, greens, or leafy greens, are plant leaves eaten as a Vegetable, sometimes accompanied The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (Solanum tuberosum). The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae It is even more distantly related to the true yam (Dioscorea species), which is native to Africa and Asia. Yam is the common name for some species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae)
The genus Ipomoea that contains the sweet potato also includes several garden flowers called morning glories, though that term is not usually extended to Ipomoea batatas. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Morning glory is a common name for over 1000 Species of Flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera Some cultivars of Ipomoea batatas are grown as ornamental plants. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar
This plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers. A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than A vine is any plant of Genus Vitis (the Grape plants or by extension any similar climbing or trailing plant In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also The edible tuberous root is long and tapered, with a smooth skin whose color ranges between red, purple, brown and white. A tuberous root is a modified lateral Root, enlarged to function as a Storage organ. Its flesh ranges from white through yellow, orange, and purple.
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Origin and distribution
Sweet potatoes are native to the tropical parts of the Americas, and were domesticated there at least 5000 years ago. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America [1] [2] They spread very early throughout the region, including the Caribbean. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting They were also known before western exploration in Polynesia. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over How exactly they arrived there is a subject of ongoing research and discussion of various hypotheses involving archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is Scientific method refers to bodies of Techniques for investigating phenomena
Sweet potatoes are now cultivated throughout tropical and warm temperate regions wherever there is sufficient water to support their growth.
According to 2004 FAO statistics world production is 127,000,000 tons [3]. The majority comes from China with a production of 105,000,000 tonnes from 49,000 km². China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. About half of the Chinese crop is used for livestock feed [4].
Per-capita production is greatest in countries where sweet potatoes are a staple of human consumption, led by the Solomon Islands at 160 kg per person per year, Burundi at 130 kg and Uganda at 100 kg. The Solomon Islands is a country in Melanesia, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands Burundi (buˈɾundi officially the Republic of Burundi, is a small country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda
In New Zealand, sweet potato is known by its Māori name, kūmara. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation. It was a staple food for Māori before European contact. Today, it is still very popular, although less popular than regular potatoes. There are about 85 commercial kūmara growers, with 1,220 hectares producing 20,000 tonnes of kūmara annually.
In the U. S. , North Carolina, the leading state in sweet potato production, provided 38. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States 5% of the 2007 U. S. production of sweet potatoes. California, Louisiana, and Mississippi compete closely with each other in production. Louisiana has been a long-time major producer, once second only to North Carolina, and closely followed by California until the latter began surpassing it in 2002. In 2007, California produced 23%, Louisiana 15. 9%, and Mississippi 19% of the U. S. total. [5] [6]
Opelousas, Louisiana's Yambilee has been celebrated every October since 1946. The Frenchmen who established the first settlement at Opelousas in 1760 discovered the native Attakapas, Alabama, Choctaw, and Opelousas Indian Tribes eating sweet potatoes. The sweet potato became a favorite food item of the French and Spanish settlers and thus continued a long history of cultivation in Louisiana. [7]
Mississippi is also a major sweet potato producing state, with about 150 farmers presently growing sweet potatoes on approximately 8,200 acres (33 km²) and contributing $19 million dollars to the state's economy. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Mississippi's top five sweet potato producing counties are Calhoun, Chickasaw, Pontotoc, Yalobusha, and Panola. Calhoun County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Chickasaw County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Pontotoc County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Yalobusha County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi. Panola County is a County located in the US state of Mississippi, just east of the Mississippi Delta. The National Sweet Potato Festival is held annually the entire first week in November in Vardaman (Calhoun County), which proclaims itself as "The Sweet Potato Capital". Vardaman is a town in Calhoun County, Mississippi, United States.
The town of Benton, Kentucky celebrates the sweet potato annually with its Tater Day Festival on the first Monday of April. Benton is a city in Marshall County, Kentucky, United States. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The town of Gleason, Tennessee celebrates the sweet potato on Labor Day weekend with its Tater Town Special. Gleason is a town in Weakley County, Tennessee, United States. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Labor Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September
Cultivation
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The plant does not enjoy frost. Frost is the solid deposition of Water vapor from saturated air It grows best at an average temperature of 24 °C (75 °F), abundant sunshine and warm nights. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Annual rainfalls of 750-1000 mm are considered most suitable, with a minimum of 500 mm in the growing season. The crop is sensitive to drought at the tuber initiation stage 50-60 days after planting and is not tolerant to water-logging, as it may cause tuber rots and reduce growth of storage roots if aeration is poor (Ahn, 1993).
Depending on the cultivar and conditions, tuberous roots mature in two to nine months. With care, early-maturing cultivars can be grown as an annual summer crop in temperate areas, such as the northern United States. Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. Sweet potatoes rarely flower when the daylight is longer than 11 hours, as is normal outside of the tropics. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 They are mostly propagated by stem or root cuttings or by adventitious roots called "slips" that grow out from the tuberous roots during storage. True seeds are used for breeding only.
Under optimal conditions of 85 to 90 % relative humidity at 13 to 16 °C (55 to 61 °F), sweet potatoes can keep for six months. Relative humidity is a measurement of the amount of Water vapor that exists in a gaseous mixture of air and water Colder temperatures injure the roots.
They grow well in many farming conditions and have few natural enemies; pesticides are rarely needed. Sweet potatoes are grown on a variety of soils, but well-drained light and medium textured soils with a pH range of 4. 5-7. 0 are more favourable for the plant (Woolfe, 1992; Ahn, 1993). They can be grown in poor soils with little fertilizer. However, sweet potatoes are very sensitive to aluminium toxicity and will die about 6 weeks after planting if lime is not applied at planting in this type of soil (Woolfe, 1992). Because they are sown by vine cuttings rather than seeds, sweet potatoes are relatively easy to plant. Because the rapidly growing vines shade out weeds, little weeding is needed, and farmers can devote time to other crops. In the tropics the crop can be maintained in the ground and harvested as needed for market or home consumption. In temperate regions sweet potatoes are most often grown on larger farms and are harvested before frosts set in.
China is the largest grower of sweet potatoes; providing about 80% of the world's supply, 130 million tons were produced in one year (in 1990; about half that of common potatoes). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Historically, most of China's sweet potatoes were grown for human consumption, but now most (60%) are grown to feed pigs. Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times The rest are grown for human food and for other products. Some are grown for export, mainly to Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. China grows over 100 varieties of sweet potato.
After introduction there, sweet potatoes very early became popular in the islands of the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Polynesia. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over One reason is that they were a reliable crop in cases of crop failure of other staple foods due to typhoon flooding. They are featured in many favorite dishes in Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and other island nations. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Indonesia, Vietnam, India, and some other Asian countries are also large sweet potato growers. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Uganda (the third largest grower after Indonesia), Rwanda, and some other African countries also grow a large crop which is an important part of their peoples' diets. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the North and South America, the original home of the sweet potato, together grow less than three percent of the world's supply. Europe has only a very small sweet potato production, mostly in Portugal. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. In the Caribbean, a variety of the sweet potato called the boniato is very popular. The flesh of the boniato is cream-colored, unlike the more popular orange hue seen in other varieties. Boniatos are not as sweet and moist as other sweet potatoes, but many people prefer their fluffier consistency and more delicate flavor. Boniatos have been grown throughout the subtropical world for centuries, but became an important commercial crop in Florida in recent years.
Sweet potatoes were an important part of the diet in the United States for most of its history, especially in the Southeast. From the middle of the 20th century, however, they have become less popular. The average per capita consumption of sweet potatoes in the United States is only about 1. 5-2 kg (4 lbs) per year, down from 13 kg (31 lb) in 1920. Southerner Kent Wrench writes: "The Sweet Potato became associated with hard times in the minds of our ancestors and when they became affluent enough to change their menu, the potato was served less often. " [1]
New Zealanders grow enough kūmara to provide each person with 7kg (15. 4 lbs) per year, and also import substantially more than this from China.
Diseases
Nutrition and health benefits
Besides simple starches, sweet potatoes are rich in complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, beta carotene (a vitamin A equivalent nutrient), vitamin C, and vitamin B6. This article is a list of diseases of Sweetpotatoes ( Ipomoea batatas) Polysaccharides are relatively complex Carbohydrates They are Polymers made up of many Monosaccharides joined together by Glycosidic bonds Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. Beta-carotene is an Organic compound - a Terpenoid, a red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits Vitamin A refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules the Retinoids. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called Vitamin B6, along with Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine.
In 1992, the Center for Science in the Public Interest compared the nutritional value of sweet potatoes to other vegetables. The Center for Science in the Public Interest ( CSPI) is a non-profit watchdog and Consumer advocacy group headquartered in Washington D Considering fiber content, complex carbohydrates, protein, vitamins A and C, iron, and calcium, the sweet potato ranked highest in nutritional value. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 According to these criteria, sweet potatoes earned 184 points, 100 points over the next on the list, the common potato. (NCSPC)
Sweet potato varieties with dark orange flesh have more beta carotene than those with light colored flesh and their increased cultivation is being encouraged in Africa where Vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem. Beta-carotene is an Organic compound - a Terpenoid, a red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits Despite the name "sweet", it may be a beneficial food for diabetics, as preliminary studies on animals have revealed that it helps to stabilize blood sugar levels and to lower insulin resistance. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc [2] Some Americans, including television personality Oprah Winfrey, are advocating increased consumption of sweet potatoes both for their health benefits and because of their importance in traditional Southern cuisine. Oprah Gail Winfrey (born January 29 1954 often referred to simply as Oprah, is an American
Uses
The roots are most frequently boiled, fried, or baked. They can also be processed to make starch and a partial flour substitute. Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Industrial uses include the production of starch and industrial alcohol. Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon
Culinary uses
Although the leaves and shoots are also edible, the starchy tuberous roots are by far the most important product. Starch, CAS # 9005-25-8 Chemical formula (C6H10O5n is a Polysaccharide In some tropical areas, they are a staple food-crop. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 A staple food is a Food that forms the basis of a Traditional diet.
"Amukeke" (sun dried slices of storage roots) and "Inginyo" (sun dried crushed storage roots) are a staple food for people in north-eastern Uganda (Abidin, 2004). Amukeke is mainly for breakfast, eating it with peanut sauce. People are eating this food while they are drinking a cup of tea in the morning, around 10 am. Inginyo will be mixed with cassava flour and tammarind, this food is called "atapa". People eat "atapa" with smoked fish cooked in peanut sauce or with dried cowpea leaves cooked in peanut sauce.
Candied sweet potatoes are a side dish consisting mainly of sweet potatoes prepared with brown sugar, marshmallows, maple syrup, molasses, or other sweet ingredients. The Marshmallow is a Confection that in its modern form typically consists of Sugar or Corn syrup, water Gelatin that has been pre-softened Maple syrup is a sweetener made from the sap of Maple trees In Canada and the United States it is most often eaten with waffles and pancakes Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. Often served on American Thanksgiving, this dish represents traditional American cooking and indigenous food. Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American Holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The cuisine of the United States is a style of food preparation derived from the United States.
Sweet potato pie is also a traditional favorite dish in southern U. Sweet potato pie is a traditional dessert popular in the Southern United States. S. cuisine.
Baked sweet potatoes are sometimes offered in restaurants as an alternative to baked potatoes. A baked potato, also known as a jacket potato, is the edible result of Baking a Potato. They are often topped with brown sugar and butter. In Dominican Republic sweet potato is enjoyed for breakfast. The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with
Sweet potato fries are another common preparation, and are made by julienning and deep frying sweet potatoes, in the fashion of French fried potatoes. Julienning is a method of Food preparation in which the Food item is cut into long thin strips Deep frying is a Cooking method in which food is submerged in hot oil or Fat. French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal
Sweet potato leaves are a common side dish in Taiwanese cuisine, often boiled with garlic and vegetable oil and dashed with salt before serving. Cuisines in Taiwan ( POJ: Tâi-oân liāu-lí have several variations They are commonly found at bento (POJ: piān-tong) restaurants, as well as dishes featuring the sweet potato root. is a single-portion takeout or home-packed meal common in Japanese cuisine. Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian
The young leaves and vine tips of sweet potato leaves are widely consumed as a vegetable West African countries (Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia for example). According to FAO leaflet No. 13 - 1990, sweet potato leaves and shoots are a good source of vitamins A, C, and B2 (Riboflavin), and according to research done by A. KHACHATRYAN, are an excellent source of lutein.
Steamed/Boiled chunks, for a simple and healthy snack, chunks of sweet potato may be boiled in water or cooked in the microwave. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with Wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m or frequencies between 0
Sweet potato chips can be sliced, fried, and eaten just like potato chips or french fries. A potato chip or crisp is a thin slice of Potato, deep fried or baked until Crisp. French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal
Raw sweet potatoes can be eaten as well, most easily in chip form. They taste somewhat like a sweet carrot. The carrot ( Daucus carota subsp sativus, Etymology: Middle French carotte, from Late Latin carōta, from Greek karōton
Sweet Potato Butter can be cooked into a gourmet spread.
Japanese cuisines: Boiled sweet potato is the most common way to eat it at home. Japanese Cuisine has developed over the centuries as a result of many political and social changes Also, the use in vegetable tempura is common. is a classic Japanese dish of deep fried battered Vegetables or Seafood. Yaki-imo (roasted sweeted potato) is a delicacy in winter, sold by hawkers. Daigaku-imo is a baked sweet potato dessert. Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal usually consisting of sweet Food but sometimes of a strongly-flavored one such as some Cheeses The In Imo-gohan, slices or small blocks of sweet potato are cooked in rice. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many It is also served in nimono or nitsuke, boiled and flavoured with typically soy sauce, Mirin and Dashi. Soy sauce ( US) soya sauce ( Commonwealth) shoyu ( Japan) or sillao ( Peru) is a fermented Sauce is an essential Condiment used in Japanese cuisine, consisting of 40%–50% sugar Dashi ( 出[[wiktionary 汁|汁]] だし is a class of soup and cooking stocks considered fundamental to Japanese cooking. Because it is sweet and starchy, it is used in Imo-kinton or some other wagashi. is a traditional Japanese Confectionery which is often served with tea especially the types made of mochi, Azuki bean paste, and Fruits Shōchū is a Japanese spirit made from fermentation of rice and sweet potato. is an Alcoholic beverage of Japan, most commonly distilled from Barley, Sweet potato or Rice. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many
In New Zealand, Māori traditionally cooked their kūmara in hāngi (earth ovens). Rocks were placed on a fire in a large hole. When the fire died out, kūmara and other food was wrapped in leaves and placed on the hot rocks, then covered with earth. The kūmara was dug up again several hours later. The resulting food was very soft and tender, as though steamed.
In Korean cuisine, sweet potato starch is used to produce dangmyeon (cellophane noodles). Korean cuisine as a national Cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political change Cellophane noodles (also known as Chinese vermicelli, bean threads, bean thread noodles, or glass noodles) are a type of transparent Asian noodle
Non-culinary uses
In South America, the juice of red sweet potatoes is combined with lime juice to make a dye for cloth. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow A dye can generally be described as a Colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. By varying the proportions of the juices, every shade from pink to purple to black can be obtained. (Verrill p. 47)
All parts of the plant are used for animal fodder. In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as
Sweet potatoes or camotes are often found in Moche ceramics. The Moche civilization (alternately the Mochica culture Early Chimu Pre-Chimu Proto-Chimu etc [3]
Several selections are cultivated in gardens as ornamental plants for their attractive foliage, including the dark-leafed cultivars 'Blackie' and 'Ace of Spades' and the chartreuse-foliaged 'Margarita'.
Taiwanese companies are making alcohol fuel from sweet potato. Although Fossil fuels have become the dominant Energy resource for the modern world Alcohol has been used as a fuel throughout history
Ethnomedical Uses
- The aerial parts are used as a galactogogue. A galactogogue is a substance which is used to increase the production of Milk in humans and other animals
- The leaves are used to treat diabetes, hookworm, hemorrhage, and abscesses. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc The hookworm is a parasitic Nematode worm that lives in the Small intestine of its host which may be a Mammal such as a Dog, Bleeding, technically known as hemorrhaging / haemorrhaging (see American and British spelling differences) is the loss of Blood from An abscess (abscessus is a collection of Pus (dead Neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process
- The tuber is used to treat asthma. Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store Nutrients They are used by Plants to overwinter and regrow the next year Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are
Names
Often called a yam, the sweet potato is not in the Yam family, but that is only the beginning of the confusion (see yams). Nor is the sweet potato closely related to the common potato. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The first Europeans to taste sweet potatoes were members of Columbus' expedition in 1492. Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer Later explorers found many varieties under an assortment of local names, but the name which stayed was the indigenous Taino name of batata. The Taínos were pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. This name was later transferred to the ordinary potato, causing a confusion from which it never recovered. The first record of the name "sweet potato" is found in the Oxford English Dictionary of 1775.
The United States
The moist-fleshed, orange cultivars of sweet potato are referred to as sweet potatoes or "yams" in the United States. One explanation of this usage is that Africans brought to America took to calling American sweet potatoes Nyamis, perhaps from the Fulani word nyami (to eat) or the Twi word anyinam, which refers to a true yam. The Fula or Fulbe or Fulani (the latter being an Anglicisation of the word in their language Fulɓe) are an ethnic group of Twi (tɕʷi in Twi ˈtwiː /ˈtʃiː/ or /ˈtʃwiː/ in English specifically Ashanti Twi is a language spoken in Ghana by about 15 million people
Spain and Latin America
The Spanish took the Taino name batata directly, and also combined it with the Quechua word for potato, papa, to create the word patata for the common potato. Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. In Mexico, the sweet potato is called by the Nahuatl-derived name camote. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family In Peru, the Quechua name for a type of sweet potato is kumar, strikingly similar to the Polynesian name kumara (see below). Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America.
Polynesia
Across Polynesia, kūmara (with its respective developments) is the name for the sweet potato. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over [4]
| Fijian | Hawaiian | Māori | Marquesan | Rapa Nui | Rarotongan | Sāmoan | Tahitian | Tongan[5] | Tuamotuan | Vanuatu |
| kūmala | ʻu(w)ala | kūmara | kūma'a | kūmara | kūmara | 'umala | 'umara | kumala | kūmara | kūmala |
Substratum names used in local varieties of English include kumara (from the Māori word kūmara), as it was the staple food of the native Māori diet, in Australasia (in NSW it is sometimes spelled as "Kumera", although "sweet potato" is more common in Australia, at least in Victoria). Fijian is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken in Fiji. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical Marquesan is a collection of East-Central Polynesian dialects of the Marquesic group spoken in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia The Rapa Nui language (also Rapanui) is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Rapanui, the inhabitants of Easter Island. The Cook Islands Maori language also called Māori Kūki 'Āirani or Rarotongan, is the Official language of the Cook Islands. The Sāmoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language &mdash alongside English Tahitian, a Tahitic language, is one of the two official languages of French Polynesia (along with French) Tongan ( lea fakatonga) is an Austronesian language spoken in Tonga. The Tuamotuan language (or paumotu / pa’umotu is a Tahitic language spoken by about 6700 people in the Tuamotu Islands and an additional 2000 in Tahiti Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island In Contact linguistics, a substratum ( lat sub: under + stratum: layer → lower layer) is a Language The term is also used in indigenous languages of Melanesia, as well as "peteita". The name camote is used in the Philippines, introduced from Mexico (see above). The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP In the Papua New Guinean language of Tok Pisin is it known as cau cau. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania Tok Pisin ( tok means "word" or "speech" as in "talk" pisin means " Pidgin " is a creole spoken throughout
In Hawaiʻi substratum names are used for the yellow Japanese variety and the purple Okinawan variety, both of which are commonly available in the marketplace. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The local Japanese names are widely recognized, with Satsumaimo “Satsuma potato” used by recent Japanese immigrant families and yamaimo (“mountain potato”) by other groups. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities This article is about the province For alternative meanings of the word Satsuma, see Satsuma (disambiguation was an old province Dioscorea opposita ( nagaimo, yamaimo, Chinese yam, Japanese mountain yam, Korean yam; syn (Technically, yamaimo is the proper name in Japanese of the native yam; however, as in English, it is often used to refer to the sweet potato. ) However, naming often depends on personal ancestry, with e. g. Sāmoan ʻumala among Sāmoans, Tagalog kamote among Filipinos (derived from Mexican Spanish camote; see above), and Hawaiian ʻuala among Native Hawaiians. The Sāmoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language &mdash alongside English Pacific Islander Americans are residents of the United States with original ancestry from Oceania. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. Mexican Spanish ( español mexicano in Spanish is the Spanish language as it is spoken in Mexico. The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i) is an Austronesian language that takes its name from Hawai'i, the largest island in the tropical "Kanaka" redirects here For the Tamil actress see Kanaka (actress.
Asia
The Indonesian word for sweet potato is "ubi jalar". This given name is probably from the growing characteristics of its vines. They are creeping on the ground or above soil surface. Furthermore, the storage roots, which are produced by the vines in the soil, could also be found elsewhere, far from the base of the plant.
"Batata" or "Bataka" is the commonly used word for all varieties of Potato in Marathi and Gujarati, the two languages of Western states of India, suggesting an origin by way of the Portuguese. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? "Ratala" is however, the name only reserved for sweet potatoes in Marathi. Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. In Hindi it is called shakarkand("शकरकंद").
The orange-fleshed variety common in the mainland U. S. and sold alongside the Japanese and Okinawan cultivars is locally called "sweet potato" or "yam. " The purple Okinawan sweet potato is sometimes confused with the purple yam called ube. Ube (or ubi) is the Filipino word for purple yam ( Dioscorea alata) In Vietnamese the tubers are called khoai lang and the leaves are called rau lang. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam)
Africa
In addition to the Fulani and Twi names which probably are the source of the United States usage "yam", in Kenya "Ngwaci" is the Kikuyu word for sweet potatoes. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south There is also a town in Kiambu district called Kikuyu, and a species of Pennisetum grass native to the Kenyan highlands named Kikuyu The Kiswahili word is "viazi tamu", literally sweet potatoes.
References and external links
- ^ North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission (NCSPC)
- ^ Sweet potatoes
- ^ Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity are a Publisher, especially of Art and Illustrated Books
- ^ Langdon, R. The Language of Easter Island, its development and Eastern Polynesian Relationships Institute for Polynesian Studies, 1983
- ^ Tu'inukuafe, E. A Simplified Dictionary of Modern Tongan Pasifika 1997
- Abidin, P. E. 2004. Sweetpotato breeding for northeastern Uganda: Farmer varieties, farmer-participatory selection, and stability of performance. PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 152 pp. ISBN 90-8504-033-7.
- Ahn, P. M. , 1993, "Tropical soils and fertilizer use", Intermediate Trop. Agric. Series. Longman Sci. and Tech. Ltd. UK.
- Sweet Potato Butter
- Batatas, not potatoes
- The mystery of the sweet potato
- Sweet Potato Growing and Harvesting Information
- Purple sweetpotato Exotic sweetpotatoes can have purple flesh.
- Six Varieties of Sweet Potatoes Explanation of the six major varieties of sweet potatoes, with pictures of the exterior and interiors of four varieties.
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), "Sweet Potato"
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1990, "Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition"
"Leaflet No. 13 - 1990 - Sweet Potato"
- The Japanese Society of Root and Tuber Crops (JRT), "Mini White Paper: Sweetpotato in Japan" 2000
- North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission (NCSPC)
- Verrill, A. H. , Foods America Gave the World, 1937, Boston : L. C. Page & Co.
- Wrench, K. , "The Sweet Potato Patch"
- Woolfe, J. A. , 1992, "Sweetpotato: an untapped food resource", Cambridge Univ. Press and the International Potato Center (CIP). Cambridge, UK.
- Sweetpotato DiagNotes is a free comprehensive tool for sweetpotato management, providing information across the disciplines of plant pathology, crop nutrition, entomology and pest management, all integrated in a single expert system.
- Mississippi Sweet Potato Growers Association website highlights the efforts of Wardell Sanders and his pursuits in Mound Bayou, Mississippi. The SPGA serves to provide a lasting agri-economy, strengthen the area farming communities, heighten Mississippi Delta pride, and to include Delta youth in all phases of its operations.
- Sweet Potato Awareness, education about the differences between yams and sweet potatoes, with a downloadable flyer to distribute.
- The Straight Dope answers "What's the difference between yams and sweet potatoes?"
- Identification of sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas) as an excellent source of lutein. A. KHACHATRYAN
- Recipe for stir fried sweet potato leaves.
- Dining in Japan: The Purple Sweet Potato
- World's Healthiest Foods: Benefits of Sweet Potatoes
- North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission
- Can camote tops cure dengue? - 01/25/2008
- Sweetpotato Forum - 03/24/2008
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