| City and County of Swansea Dinas a Sir Abertawe |
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| Motto: Floreat Swansea | |||
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| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
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| Constituent country | Wales | ||
| Ceremonial county | West Glamorgan | ||
| Historic county | Glamorganshire | ||
| Admin HQ | Swansea Guildhall | ||
| Town charter | 1158-1184 | ||
| City status | 1969 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Leader of Swansea Council |
Christopher Holley | ||
| - Welsh Assembly and UK Parliament Consituencies | Swansea East, Swansea West, Gower | ||
| - European Parliament | Wales | ||
| - MPs | Martin Caton (L), Sian James (L), Alan John Williams (L) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 145. Townhill is the name of a Hill and residential district in Swansea, Wales, UK. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping The Preserved counties of Wales are the current areas used in Wales for ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy. West Glamorgan is a preserved county and former administrative county of Wales, one of the divisions of the ancient county of Glamorgan. The historic counties of Wales are ancient subdivisions of Wales. Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Morgannwg is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. The Guildhall is one of the main office buildings of the City and County of Swansea council. A city charter or town charter (generically municipal charter) is a legal Document establishing a Municipality such as a City or Political makeup Elections take place every four years The last election was 1 May 2008. The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Gower is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons Martin Philip Caton (born June 15, 1951) is a British Politician. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Siân Catherine James (born June 24, 1959, Morriston, in Swansea) is the Labour Member of Parliament for Swansea East The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Alan John Williams (born 14 October 1930 Caerphilly) is a Welsh politician and Labour Member of Parliament for Swansea West since The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 9 sq mi (378 km²) | ||
| Population | |||
| - Total | Unitary Authority area: 227,100, Ranked 3rd (2,006 est. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of This is a list of principal areas of Wales ordered by population. ) Urban area within Unitary Authority: 169,880 (2,001) Wider Urban Area: 270,506 (2,001) |
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| - Density | 1,556. The Swansea Urban Area is an area of land in Wales, UK defined by defined by the Office for National Statistics for population monitoring purposes Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (601/km²) | ||
| - Ethnicity | 97. 8% White 1. 2% S. Asian 0. 3% Afro-Caribbean 0. 3% Chinese |
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| Time zone | GMT (UTC0) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) | ||
| Post codes | SA1-SA7 | ||
| Area code(s) | 01792 | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-SWA | ||
| ONS code | 00NX | ||
| OS grid reference | SS6593 | ||
| NUTS 3 | UKL18 | ||
| Website: http://www.swansea.gov.uk/ | |||
Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe, "mouth of the Tawe") is a city and county in Wales. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Coordinated Universal Time, the basis for the world's civil time frequently referred to by the name of its predecessor Greenwich Mean Time Western Daylight saving time ( DST Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time The, also known as the Swansea postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Aberaeron, Ammanford, Boncath, Burry Port, A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks This is a list of geographic UK dialling codes covering Wales that are currently in use ISO 3166-2GB is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to the United Kingdom. The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The River Tawe ( Afon Tawe in Welsh) is a river in south Wales. For Local government purposes Wales is divided into 22 Unitary authorities, which are responsible for the provision of all local government services including education It is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. The historic counties of Wales are ancient subdivisions of Wales. Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Morgannwg is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. Situated on the South Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower peninsula and the Lliw uplands. South Wales (De Cymru is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south and Mid Wales and West Wales Swansea is the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taff; and the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff. This is a list of principal areas of Wales ordered by population. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. History The county borough was formed on 1 April 1996, by the merger of the former Mid Glamorgan districts of Cynon Valley, According to Census 2001 data, Swansea was the 34th largest settlement in the United Kingdom,[1] and the 25th largest urban area[2] Swansea grew significantly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, becoming a centre of heavy industry. For a list of the largest contiguous urban areas or Conurbations in the UK see here. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other
The name Swansea is often said to come from "Sweyn's Ey" ("ey" being the Old Norse word for "island"), but as there is no island at Swansea, a more likely explanation is that it comes from "Sweyn" (a corruption of the Viking name "Sven") and "sey" ("sey" being an Old Norse word that can mean "inlet"). Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Consequently it is pronounced Swan's-y [ˡswɒnzi]) not Swan-sea. [3] The name is to thought to have originated in the period when the Vikings settled along the South Wales coast (Swansea is thought to have developed from a Viking trading post). A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
The founder of Swansea is believed to be the Viking King of Denmark Sweyn Forkbeard who in 1013 conquered the Anglo-Saxons of Wessex and Mercia, and who controlled a vast empire including Southern England, Denmark and Norway. Sweyn I Forkbeard, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in English Sven the Dane, also known as Swegen and Tuck, ( Old Norse The earliest known form of the modern name is Sweynesse used in Swansea's first charter, which was granted sometime between 1158-1184 by William de Newburgh, 3rd Earl of Warwick. A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Earl of Warwick (pronounced "Worrick" is a title that has been created four times in British history and is one of the most prestigious titles in the Peerages of the The charter gave Swansea the status of a borough, granting the townsmen, called burgesses certain rights to develop the area. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice Burgess is an English word that originally meant a freeman of a Borough or Burgh. A second charter was granted in 1215 by King John. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death In this charter, the name appears as Sweyneshe. The town seal which is believed to date from this period names the town as Sweyse. [4][5] Swansea was granted city status in 1969,[6] to mark Prince Charles's investiture as the Prince of Wales. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom The announcement was made by the prince on 3 July 1969, during a tour of Wales. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [7] It obtained the further right to have a Lord Mayor in 1982. The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition [8]
Contents |
Geography
- See also: List of places in Swansea
Boundaries
The "City and County of Swansea" local authority area is bordered by unitary authorities of Carmarthenshire to the north, and Neath Port Talbot to the east. Three Cliffs Bay ( otherwise Three Cliff Bay, is a bay on the south coast of the Gower peninsula in the City and County of Swansea, Wales This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the principal area of Swansea, Wales. Geography The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, to the south by the Geography The majority of the population of Neath Port Talbot resides in the developed areas along corridors surrounding the M4 Motorway / South Wales Main Line Swansea is bordered by Swansea Bay to the south. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast
Physical description
The local government area is 378 km² in size, including a large amount of open countryside and a central urban and suburban belt.
Swansea can be roughly divided into four physical areas. To the North are the Lliw uplands which are mainly open moorland reaching the foothills of the Black Mountain. The Black Mountain (Y Mynydd Du is a Mountain range in Mid and West Wales forming the westernmost range of the Brecon Beacons National Park. To the west is the Gower peninsula with its rural landscape dotted with small villages. To the east is the coastal strip around Swansea Bay. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast Cutting though the middle from the south east to the north west is the urban and suburban zone stretching from the Swansea city centre to the towns of Gorseinon (7mi) and Pontarddulais (11mi). Swansea Gorseinon is a town in south west Wales, near the Loughor estuary. Pontarddulais ( is a Town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, known by locals as "The Bont" [9]
The most populated areas of Swansea are Morriston and Sketty and the city centre. Rhossili ( is a small Village and Community on the southwestern tip of the Gower peninsula near Swansea in Wales. Morriston ( Welsh: Treforys) is a Town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales and falls within the Morriston ward. The suburban district of Sketty (Sgeti is located about 2 miles (3 Swansea The chief urbanised area radiates from the city centre towards the north, south and west: along the coast of Swansea Bay to Mumbles; up the Swansea Valley past Landore and Morriston to Clydach; over Townhill to Cwmbwrla, Penlan, Treboeth and Fforestfach; through Uplands, Sketty, Killay to Dunvant; and east of the river from St. Thomas to Bonymaen, Llansamlet and Birchgrove. Mumbles (otherwise The Mumbles &ndash Welsh Y Mwmbwls) is a large village with adjacent headland stretching into Swansea Bay. Landore (Glandŵr is a district of Swansea, Wales, falling in the Landore council ward. Clydach is a town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, falling within the Clydach ward Townhill can refer to An area in the town of Hamilton South Lanarkshire Scotland Townhill Fife, a village in Scotland Townhill Cwmbwrla is a residential suburb of Swansea, Wales falling within the Cwmbwrla ward. Penlan is a suburban area of Swansea, Wales falling within the Penderry ward Treboeth is a Village in the Mynydd-Bach ward of Swansea, West Glamorgan, Wales. Fforestfach (or Fforest Fach) is a suburban district of Swansea, Wales. Uplands is a suburb of Swansea, Wales. It lies about a mile (2 km to the west of Swansea city centre, and falls within the Uplands electoral ward The suburban district of Sketty (Sgeti is located about 2 miles (3 Killay (Cilâ is the name of a suburb and local government community in Swansea, south Wales. Dunvant (Dynfant is a suburban district in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK and falls within the Dunvant ward. St Thomas is a suburban district of Swansea, Wales. It is a mainly residential area which lies east of Swansea city centre across the River Tawe Bon-y-maen (or Bonymaen) is a suburban district of Swansea, Wales located about 1 Llansamlet is a Suburban district of Swansea, Wales falling into the Llansamlet ward. Birchgrove may refer to Birchgrove Cardiff, Wales Birchgrove Swansea, Wales Birchgrove New A second urbanised area is focused on a triangle defined by Gowerton, Gorseinon and Loughor along with the satellite communities of Penllergaer and Pontarddulais. The village of Gowerton (Tregŵyr is situated about 4 miles north west of Swansea city centre. Gorseinon is a town in south west Wales, near the Loughor estuary. Loughor (Casllwchwr is a Town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Penllergaer (Penlle'r-gaer is a Village in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK falling within the Penllergaer ward. Pontarddulais ( is a Town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, known by locals as "The Bont" [9]
About three quarters of Swansea is bordered by the sea. The two largest rivers in the region are the Tawe which passes the city centre and the Loughor which flows on the northern border with Carmarthenshire. The River Tawe ( Afon Tawe in Welsh) is a river in south Wales. The River Loughor (Afon Llwchwr in Carmarthenshire, Wales has its source at an underground lake at the Black Mountain.
In the local authority area, the geology is complex, providing diverse scenery. The Gower peninsula was the first area in the United Kingdom to be designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland Excluding the urbanised area in the south eastern corner of the county, the whole of the Gower peninsula is part of an AONB. [10] Swansea has numerous urban and country park lands. The region has featured regularly in the Wales in Bloom awards.
The geology of the Gower peninsula ranges from carboniferous limestone cliffs along its southern edge from Mumbles to Worm's Head to the salt-marshes and dune systems of the Loughor estuary to the north. Carboniferous Limestone is a type of Limestone rock, which was laid down in Great Britain and Ireland in the Dinantian stage Rhossili ( is a small Village and Community on the southwestern tip of the Gower peninsula near Swansea in Wales. The River Loughor (Afon Llwchwr in Carmarthenshire, Wales has its source at an underground lake at the Black Mountain. The eastern, southern and western coasts of the peninsular are lined with numerous sandy beaches both wide and small, separated by steep cliffs. The South Wales Coalfield reaches the coast in the Swansea area. The South Wales Coalfield is a large region of South Wales that is rich with Coal deposits This had a great bearing on the development of the city of Swansea and other towns in the county like Morriston. The inland area is covered by large swathes of grassland common overlooked by sandstone heath ridges including the prominent Cefn Bryn. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Heaths are Shrubland habitats characterised by open low growing woody Vegetation, found on mainly infertile Acidic soils A ridge is a geological feature that features a continuous elevational crest for some distance Cefn Bryn (Ridge Hill is a 5 mile long Old Red Sandstone Ridge in the heart of the Gower peninsula in Wales. The traditional agricultural landscape consists a patchwork of fields characterised by walls, stone-faced banks and hedgerows. Valleys cut through the peninsula and contain rich deciduous woodland. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. [11] Much of the county is hilly with the highest point of the county being Mynydd y Betws on the border with Carmarthenshire. Mynydd y Betws is a Mountain located on the border between Swansea and Carmarthenshire, South Wales. Geography The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, to the south by the
Climate
Similar to the west of Britain, Swansea has a temperate climate. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of As part of a coastal region, Swansea experiences a milder climate than the mountains and valleys inland. The Climate of the United Kingdom is classified as a mid-latitude Oceanic climate ( Koppen climate classification Cfb) with warm summers This same location, though, leaves Swansea exposed to rain-bearing winds from the Atlantic: figures from the Met Office make Swansea the wettest city in Britain. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, [12]
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high °C | 6 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 8 | |
| Mean °C | 6 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 7 | |
| Avg low °C | 4 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 6 | |
| Precipitation cm | 7. 07 | 5. 19 | 4. 51 | 4. 91 | 3. 63 | 4. 22 | 5. 07 | 5. 03 | 5. 53 | 8. 08 | 7. 09 | 7. 11 | 67. 44 |
| Sources: uk. weather. com,[13] MSN News & Weather[14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The population in the unitary authority was 225,000. According to Census 2001 data, around 82% of the population were born in Wales and 13% born in England;[15] 13. 4% were Welsh speakers. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic [16]
The population of the Swansea urban area within the Unitary authority boundaries in 2001 was about 169,880. The other urban area within the Unitary Authority centered on Gorseinon had a population of 19,273 in 2001. However, the wider urban area including most of Swansea Bay has a total population of 270,506 (making it the 25th largest urban area in England and Wales). Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [17]
History
- See also: Lower Swansea valley
Archaeology on the Gower peninsula includes many remains from prehistoric times, passing through Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. Oystermouth Castle is a Norman stone castle located overlooking present day Swansea Bay on the east side of the Gower peninsula near the Welsh Swansea (Welsh Abertawe) is a City and local government area in south Wales. The Lower Swansea valley (Cwm Tawe Isaf is the lower half of the valley of the River Tawe in south Wales. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. Prehistoric finds in the Swansea city area proper are rare. The Romans visited the area, as did the Vikings, whose name for the settlement on the river is used in English today. The country of Wales, or Cymru in Welsh has been inhabited by modern humans for at least 29000 years though continuous human habitation A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
Following the Norman Conquest, a marcher lordship was created: named Gower, it included land around Swansea Bay as far as the Tawe, and the manor of Kilvey beyond the Tawe as well as the peninsula itself. The Welsh Marches ( Welsh: Y Mers) is an area along the border of England and Wales on the island of Great Britain, in the current Gower was an ancient marcher lordship of Deheubarth in south-west Wales. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast Swansea was designated its chief town, and subsequently received one of the earlier borough charters in Wales. A city charter or town charter (generically municipal charter) is a legal Document establishing a Municipality such as a City or
Swansea became an important port: some coal and vast amounts of limestone (for fertiliser) were being shipped out from the town by 1550. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 As the Industrial Revolution reached Wales, the combination of port, local coal, and trading links with the West Country, Cornwall and Devon, meant that Swansea was the logical place to site copper smelting works. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The West Country is an informal term for the area of south western England roughly corresponding to the modern South West England government region Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of Extractive metallurgy. Smelters were operating by 1720 and proliferated. Year 1720 ( MDCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting
Following this, more coal mines (everywhere from north-east Gower to Clyne to Llangyfelach) were opened and smelters (mostly along the Tawe valley) were opened and flourished. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. The Clyne Valley Country Park is an area of parkland in Swansea, Wales. The village of Llangyfelach is located in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK. Over the next century and a half, works were established to process arsenic, zinc and tin and to create tinplate and pottery. Arsenic (ˈɑrsənɪk is a Chemical element that has the symbol As and Atomic number of 33 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Tinplate is sheet steel covered with a thin layer of Tin. Before the advent of cheap mild steel the backing metal was iron. Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware The city expanded rapidly in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was termed "Copperopolis". The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
From the late 17th century to 1801, Swansea's population grew by 500% - the first official census indicated that with 6,099 inhabitants, Swansea had become significantly larger than Glamorgan's county town, Cardiff, and was the second most populous town in Wales behind Merthyr Tydfil (which had a population of 7,705). As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Morgannwg is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Merthyr Tydfil today Government The current Borough boundaries date back to 1974 when the former county borough of Merthyr Tydfil expanded slightly to cover However, the census understated Swansea's true size, as much of the built-up area lay outside the contemporary boundaries of the borough; the total population was actually 10,117. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice Swansea's population was later overtaken by Merthyr in 1821 and by Cardiff in 1881, although in the latter year Swansea once again surpassed Merthyr. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [18] Much of Swansea's growth was due to migration from within and beyond Wales - in 1881 more than a third of the borough's population had been born outside Swansea and Glamorgan, and just under a quarter outside Wales. [19]
Through the 20th century, heavy industries in the town declined, leaving the Lower Swansea Valley filled with derelict works and mounds of waste products from them. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The Lower Swansea Valley Scheme (which still continues) reclaimed much of the land: the present Enterprise Zone was the result, and of the many original docks, only those outside the city continue to work as docks; North Dock is now Parc Tawe and South Dock became the Marina. The Swansea Enterprise Park (Parc Anturiaeth Abertawe is a combined Business park and Retail park in Swansea. Swansea The Maritime Quarter is a residential area of Swansea, Wales, UK located immediately south of the city centre shopping core
Little city centre evidence, beyond parts of the road layout, remains from medieval Swansea; its industrial importance made it the target of bombing, known as the Blitz in World War II, and the centre was flattened completely. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Whilst the city itself has a long history, many of the city centre buildings are post-war as much of the original centre was destroyed by World War II bombing on the 19th, 20th and 21st of February 1941 (the 'Three Nights Blitz'). The Maritime Quarter is a residential area of Swansea, Wales, UK located immediately south of the city centre shopping core [20] Within the city centre, are the ruins of the castle, the Marina, the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea Museum, the Dylan Thomas Centre, the Environmental Centre, and the Market, which is the largest covered market in Wales. Swansea Castle was founded by Henry de Beaumont in 1106 as the Caput of the lordship of Gower. The Dylan Thomas Centre is an arts centre located in the Maritime Quarter in Swansea, Wales, UK. [21] It backs onto the Quadrant shopping centre which opened in 1978 and the adjoining St David's Centre opened in 1982. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Other notable modern buildings are the BT Tower (formerly the GPO tower) built around 1970, Alexandra House built in 1976, County Hall built in 1982. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Swansea Leisure Centre opened in 1977; it has undergone extensive refurbishment which retained elements of the original structure and re-opened in March 2008. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays International holidays March 2 - Mothering Sunday (Britain March 7 - Nyepi (Indonesia Behind it stands the National Waterfront Museum, opened in October 2005. The National Waterfront Museum, Swansea or NWMS ( Welsh: Amgueddfa genedlaethol y glannau) is a Museum situated in Swansea, Wales PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources.
On 27 June 1906, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded in the UK during the twentieth century struck Swansea with a strength of 5. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer 2 on the Richter Scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released Earthquakes in the UK very rarely cause any structural damage as most occur away from heavily populated areas, but with the earthquake centred on Swansea many taller buildings were damaged. [22]
Culture
- See also: List of cultural venues in Swansea and List of Swansea people
The Royal Institution of South Wales was founded in 1835 as the Swansea Literary and Philosophical Society. This is a list of cultural venues in the City and County of Swansea, Wales. The Royal Institution of South Wales is an Welsh Learned society founded in Swansea in 1835 as the Swansea Philosophical and Literary Society The Royal Institution of South Wales is an Welsh Learned society founded in Swansea in 1835 as the Swansea Philosophical and Literary Society
Performing arts
There are a number of theatres in the city and the surrounding areas. The Grand Theatre in the centre of the city is a Victorian theatre which celebrated its centenary in 1997 and which has a capacity of a little over a thousand people. The Grand Theatre is the most well known venue in Swansea, Wales, UK for the Performing arts located in the heart of the city It was opened by the celebrated opera singer Adelina Patti and was refurbished from 1983-1987. Adelina Patti ( February 10, 1843 - September 27, 1919) was one of the most highly regarded Opera Singers of the 19th century The annual programme ranges from pantomime and drama to opera and ballet. A new wing of the Grand, the Arts Wing, has a studio suitable for smaller shows, with a capacity of about 200. The Taliesin building on the university campus has a theatre, opened in 1984. Owned and managed by the University of Wales Swansea, Taliesin Arts Centre is at the heart of the campus Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Other theatres include the Dylan Thomas Theatre (formerly the Little Theatre) near the marina, and one in Penyrheol Leisure Centre near Gorseinon. Gorseinon is a town in south west Wales, near the Loughor estuary. In the summer, outdoor Shakespeare performances are a regular feature at Oystermouth Castle, and Singleton Park is the venue for a number of parties and concerts, from dance music to outdoor Proms. Oystermouth Castle is a Norman stone castle located overlooking present day Swansea Bay on the east side of the Gower peninsula near the Welsh Singleton Park is the largest urban park in Swansea located in the Sketty district The Proms, more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily Orchestral Although Pontardawe is outside the city boundaries, the trip from Swansea to Pontardawe for the annual folk festival is a short one. Pontardawe ( Welsh for "bridge on the River Tawe " is a Town of some 5000 inhabitants in the Swansea Valley (Welsh Cwmtawe Another folk festival is held on Gower. [23] Standing near Victoria Park on the coast road is the Patti Pavilion; this was the Winter Garden from Adelina Patti's Craig-y-Nos estate in the upper Swansea valley, which she donated to the town in 1918. The Patti Pavilion is a venue in Swansea for the performing arts located at Victoria Park to the south west of Swansea city centre. It is used as a venue for music shows and fairs. The Brangwyn Hall is a multi-use venue with events such as the graduation ceremonies for Swansea University. The Brangwyn Hall (Neuadd y Brangwyn is a concert venue in Swansea. Every autumn, Swansea hosts a Festival of Music and the Arts, when international orchestras and soloists visit the Brangwyn Hall. The Brangwyn Hall is praised for its acoustics for recitals, orchestral pieces and chamber music alike. [24].
Swansea hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1863, 1891, 1907, 1926, 1964, 1982 and 2006. The National Eisteddfod of Wales ( Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the most important of several Eisteddfodau that are held annually mostly in Wales. The 2006 event occupied the site of the former Velindre tinplate works to the north of the city and featured a strikingly pink main tent. Felindre (Velindre is a rural village in south Wales. The village can be found in the far north of Swansea, in the electoral ward of Mawr.
Welsh language
There are many Welsh-language chapels and churches in the area. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Welsh-medium education is a popular and growing choice for both English- and Welsh-speaking parents, leading to claims in the local press in autumn 2004 that to accommodate demand, the council planned to close an English-medium school in favour of opening a new Welsh-medium school. [25]
45% of the rural council ward Mawr speak Welsh, as do 38% of the ward of Pontarddulais. Mawr is both an electoral ward and a community of the City and County of Swansea, Wales. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Pontarddulais is a name of an electoral ward and parish of the City and County of Swansea, south Wales. Clydach, Kingsbridge and Upper Loughor all have levels of more than 20%. Clydach is the name of an electoral ward, a community and a town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK. Kingsbridge (Pontybrenin is a village in the City and County of Swansea, Wales falling within the Kingsbridge ward. Upper Loughor (Casllwchwr Uchaf is an Electoral ward in the City and County of Swansea, Wales. By contrast, the urban St. Thomas has one of the lowest figures in Wales, at 6. St Thomas is a suburban district of Swansea, Wales. It is a mainly residential area which lies east of Swansea city centre across the River Tawe 4%, a figure only barely lower than Penderry and Townhill wards. Penderry (Penderi is the name of an electoral ward and a community in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK. Townhill is the name of a Hill and residential district in Swansea, Wales, UK. [26]
Notable people
People from Swansea are known locally as Swansea Jacks, or just Jacks. The source of this nickname is not clear. Some attribute it to Swansea Jack, the life-saving dog. Swansea Jack (1930 - October 1937 was a famous dog whose name lives on in the nickname given to natives of Swansea, Wales. Others point to Swansea's history as a port and the use of the word jack to indicate a sailor.
On the literary stage, the poet Dylan Thomas is perhaps the best-known. Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953 was a Welsh poet who wrote exclusively in English He was born in the town and grew up at 5 Cwmdonkin Drive, Uplands. There is a memorial to him in the nearby Cwmdonkin Park; his take on Swansea was that it was a "ugly lovely town". Cwmdonkin Park is an urban park situated in the Uplands area of Swansea, south Wales. In the 1930s Thomas was a key member of a group of local artists, writers and musicians known as The Kardomah Gang. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. The Kardomah Gang was the name given to the various artists musicians poets and other writers which frequented the Kardomah Café on Swansea's High Street Wales
Other former residents include:
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Sport
- Further information: Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea RFC and Ospreys (rugby team) for more about Swansea's major sports clubs
There are a number of sporting venues in Swansea. Leighton James (born 16 February 1953 in Loughor, Swansea, Wales) is a retired professional footballer Robert Mark James ( March 23, 1957 &ndash February 18, 1998) was a Welsh international footballer who played for many teams including Alfred Janes (1911 - February 1999 was a Welsh artist best known as a member of the circle of Dylan Thomas and Vernon Watkins. Andrew Jones (born in Swansea on October 6 1983) is an award winning British screenwriter and director Colin Jones (born 21 March 1959 in Gorseinon, Swansea) was a Welsh Welterweight boxer who represented Great Britain Daniel Jenkyn Jones OBE ( December 7, 1912 &ndash April 23, 1993) was a Welsh Composer of classical music. Alfred John "Jack" Kelsey ( 19 November 1929 &ndash 18 March 1992) was a Welsh international football Goalkeeper Anthony Robert (Tony Lewis CBE (born 6 July, 1938 in Swansea) is a former Welsh Cricketer, who went on to become the face Enzo Maccarinelli (born August 20, 1980 in Swansea, Wales) is a professional boxer and former WBO World Cruiserweight Sir John Royden Maddox (born 27 November, 1925 in Penllergaer, Swansea, Wales) a trained Chemist and Physicist Man are a Rock band from South Wales whose style is a mixture of West Coast pychedelia, Progressive rock, Blues and Country-rock Sean Gerard Mathias (born 14 March 1956) is a British Theatre director, Film director, Writer and Actor. Terence "Terry" Medwin (born 25 September 1932 in Swansea) is a former Welsh footballer. Andy Melville (born 29 November 1968 in Swansea, Wales) is a former Welsh professional football player Richard Moriarty (born 1 May 1957 at Gorseinon near Swansea) is a former International Wales Rugby union Beau Nash ( 18 October 1674 - 3 February 1762) born Richard Nash, was a celebrated Dandy and leader of fashion in 18th-century Alan Petherbridge (born 10 September 1927) is a British Olympic athlete and holds a kudan (9th dan black belt in Judo Dewi Zephaniah Phillips ( 24 November 1934 &ndash 25 July 2006) known as D Mal (Maldwyn Pope (born May 18, 1960) is a Welsh musician and composer Craig Quinnell (born July 9, 1975, Swansea) is a former Welsh Rugby Union player Scott Quinnell (born 20 August 1972 in Morriston, Swansea) is a former Welsh international Rugby league and Rugby Ceri Geraldus Richards ( June 6, 1903 - November 9, 1971) was a Welsh painter Dean Nicholas Saunders (born 21 June 1964 in Swansea) is a former Welsh footballer who played as a Striker in a professional career which lasted Sir Harry Donald Secombe, CBE ( 8 September 1921 &ndash 11 April 2001) was a Welsh Entertainer with a noted fine The Storys are a band from Swansea, Wales, UK, formed in Spring 2003 Haydn Tanner (born 9 January 1917 in Gowerton) is a former Welsh Rugby union player who also played for the British and Irish Lions. Gary Taylor is a name shared by several people Gary Taylor (strongman, winner of the 1993 World's Strongest Man competition Gary Lewis John Wynford Vaughan-Thomas CBE ( 15 August 1908 &ndash 4 February 1987) was a Welsh Newspaper Journalist Vernon Watkins ( June 27, 1906 &mdash October 8, 1967) was a Welsh poet and a painter Rowan Douglas Williams, PC, DD, DCL, FBA, (born 14 June 1950 in Swansea, Wales) is an Anglican Shane Mark Williams (born 26 February 1977 in Swansea) is a Welsh Rugby union player who plays as a for the Ospreys Terry Williams (born January 11 1948, in Swansea, Glamorgan, South Wales) is a Welsh rock Drummer Catherine Zeta-Jones ( "zeeta" born September 25, 1969) is a Welsh actress, presently based in the United States Swansea City AFC ( Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe) is a Welsh football team playing in the Coca Cola Championship from Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh Rugby union team which plays in the Welsh Premier Division. The Ospreys (Y Gweilch formerly the Neath-Swansea Ospreys ( Gweilch Tawe-Nedd) are a Rugby union team from Wales playing in the Celtic League St Helen's is a cricket and rugby ground. St Helens Rugby and Cricket Ground is a spectator sports venue in Swansea, Wales It is the home of Swansea RFC and Glamorgan County Cricket Club play some matches there. Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh Rugby union team which plays in the Welsh Premier Division. Glamorgan County Cricket Club (Criced Morgannwg is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English and Welsh national Cricket structure [1] It was in this ground that Sir Garfield Sobers hit six sixes in one over: the first time this was achieved in a game of first-class cricket. Sir Garfield St Auburn Sobers, AO (born 28 July 1936 in Bridgetown, Barbados) often known as Garry Sobers (though earlier in his life he preferred First-class cricket refers to the class of Cricket matches of three or more days scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players and officially adjudged first-class by The final ball landed on the ground past the Cricketers' pub just outside the ground. [27] The stadium is metres from the coast of Swansea Bay. Strong local rivalries exist between Swansea and Cardiff in football and between Swansea and Llanelli in rugby. Cardiff City Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Caerdydd is a football team based in Cardiff, Wales.
Swansea has three clubs that play in Welsh Football League - Garden Village, Morriston Town and West End. Structure The league is made up of three divisions (named the First Division, the Second Division and the Third Division) each having 18 clubs Garden Village Association Football Club is a football club based in Swansea, south west Wales and currently playing in the Second Division West End Football Club is a football team based in Swansea, and play in the Second Division of the Welsh Football League. Swansea also has one of the largest Saturday local football leagues in the country, second only to the one in Birmingham at its peak.
Swansea City A.F.C. moved from the Vetch Field to the new Liberty Stadium at the start of the 2005-2006 season, winning promotion to League One in their final year at their old home. The Liberty Stadium (Stadiwm Liberty referred to as New Stadium during construction is a purpose-built sports and concert arena and conferencing venue in the Landore Swansea City AFC ( Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe) is a Welsh football team playing in the Coca Cola Championship from The Ospreys (Y Gweilch formerly the Neath-Swansea Ospreys ( Gweilch Tawe-Nedd) are a Rugby union team from Wales playing in the Celtic League Swansea City AFC ( Welsh: Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Abertawe) is a Welsh football team playing in the Coca Cola Championship from The Liberty Stadium (Stadiwm Liberty referred to as New Stadium during construction is a purpose-built sports and concert arena and conferencing venue in the Landore The first game at the new stadium was a football friendly against Fulham which ended 1-1 on 23 July. Fulham Football Club is an English football team based in Fulham, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France.
In 2003, Swansea RFC merged with Neath RFC to form the Neath-Swansea Ospreys rugby club. Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh Rugby union team which plays in the Welsh Premier Division. Neath Rugby Football Club is a Welsh Rugby union club which plays in the Welsh Premier Division. The Ospreys (Y Gweilch formerly the Neath-Swansea Ospreys ( Gweilch Tawe-Nedd) are a Rugby union team from Wales playing in the Celtic League Swansea RFC remain at St Helen's in semi-professional form, but the Ospreys moved to the then-named New Stadium in Landore for the start of the 2005-2006 season. The Liberty Stadium (Stadiwm Liberty referred to as New Stadium during construction is a purpose-built sports and concert arena and conferencing venue in the Landore The final Ospreys match at St Helen's was played on the same day as the final Swans league game at the Vetch on 30 April 2005. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Neath-Swansea rugby games used to be hotly-contested matches, such that there was some debate about whether a team incorporating both areas was possible. In fact the Neath-Swansea Ospreys seem to be the most successful club since Welsh rugby's reorganisation and came fifth in the Celtic League in their first year of existence and won that league in their second year.
Swansea's rugby league side play seven miles out of the county in the small town of Ystalyfera. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Ystalyfera is a former industrial Village situated on the River Tawe in the unitary authority of Neath They are known as the Swansea Valley Miners but were formed as the Swansea Bulls in 2002.
The Swansea Bowls Stadium opened in early 2008. The stadium will host the World Indoor Singles and Mixed Pairs Championship from 16 April to 20 April 2008.
Religion
Swansea, like Wales in general, has seen many non-conformist religious revivals. In 1904, Evan Roberts, a miner from Loughor (Llwchwr), just outside Swansea, was the leader of what has been called one of the world's greatest Protestant religious revivals. Evan John Roberts ( June 8, 1878 - September 29, 1951) was a leading figure of the 1904-1905 Welsh Revival who suffered many set-backs Loughor (Casllwchwr is a Town in the City and County of Swansea, Wales, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Within a few months about 100,000 people were converted. This revival in particular had a profound effect on Welsh society. The "Welsh Revival" of 1904 is acknowledged as having been an instigator of, and a major influence on the twentieth century's Pentecostal movement. One of its first overseas influences was seen in the African American church: the Azusa Street Revival, beginning 9 April 1906 at Los Angeles, USA. It has been said that 25% of the world's Christians (usually Protestant Pentecostals or Charismatics) are Christians as a direct result of the 1904 revival in Swansea.
Governance
Local government
Traditionally, Swansea refers to the City of Swansea which is the settlement around the Tawe estuary. Political makeup Elections take place every four years The last election was 1 May 2008. The River Tawe ( Afon Tawe in Welsh) is a river in south Wales. Today it also refers to one of the Subdivisions of Wales under the name of the 'City and County of Swansea' (Welsh: Dinas a Sir Abertawe). For Local government purposes Wales is divided into 22 Unitary authorities, which are responsible for the provision of all local government services including education Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic [28]
Swansea was once a staunch Labour stronghold. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Up until 2004, they had overrall control of Swansea for 24 years. [29] The Liberal Democrats are the largest group in the administration that took control of Swansea Council in the 2004 local elections. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the For 2007/2008, the Lord Mayor of Swansea is councillor Susan Waller. The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition
Welsh politics
The National Assembly constituencies are:
- Gower, current AM is Edwina Hart, Labour since 1999
- Swansea East, current AM is Val Lloyd, Labour since 2001
- Swansea West, current AM is Andrew Davies, Labour since 1999
The city is also part of the South Wales West regional constituency and is served by Peter Black AM, Alun Cairns AM, Dai Lloyd AM and Bethan Jenkins AM. The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. Boundaries The constituency was created for the first election to the Assembly in 1999 with the name and boundaries of the Gower Westminster constituency. Edwina Hart MBE AM, (born 26 April 1957) is a Welsh Labour Party politician who has been a Member of the National The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Boundaries The constituency was created for the first election to the Assembly in 1999 with the name and boundaries of the Swansea East Westminster constituency. Valerie (Val Lloyd born in Swansea, is a Welsh Labour Party politician who has been a Member of the National Assembly for Wales for Swansea The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Boundaries The constituency was created for the first election to the Assembly in 1999 with the name and boundaries of the Swansea West Westminster constituency. Andrew Davies, AM (born 5 May 1952 Hereford England) is a Labour politician currently Minister for Finance and Public Service Delivery in the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Constituencies The seven constituencies have the names and boundaries of constituencies of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Peter Black (born 30 January 1960 is a Welsh Liberal Democrat politician and Member of the Welsh Assembly for the South Wales West Region Alun Cairns (born 30 July 1970 is a member of the National Assembly for Wales for the Welsh Conservative Party in the South Wales West region since the Dr David Rees Lloyd (known as Dai Lloyd (born in Tywyn Gwynedd, December 2, 1956) is a Welsh politician Bethan Jenkins (born 9 December 1981 in Aberdare, Wales) is a Plaid Cymru Member of the National Assembly for Wales representing
UK politics
The UK parliamentary constituencies in Swansea are:
- Gower, current MP is Martin Caton, Labour since 1997
- Swansea East, current MP is Sian James, Labour since 2005
- Swansea West, current MP is Alan Williams, Labour since 1964 (the MP with the longest continuous service - 43 years as of 2007)
International links
The City & County of Swansea is twinned with:
Connections with:
Friendship link with:
Future plans
Swansea City Centre is undergoing a transformation until 2015. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Gower is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Martin Philip Caton (born June 15, 1951) is a British Politician. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Swansea East is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Siân Catherine James (born June 24, 1959, Morriston, in Swansea) is the Labour Member of Parliament for Swansea East The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Swansea West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Alan John Williams (born 14 October 1930 Caerphilly) is a Welsh politician and Labour Member of Parliament for Swansea West since The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pau is a town and ''commune'' in the Aquitaine ''région'' of This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Cork (Corcaigh is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland 's third most populous city after Dublin and Belfast Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Geography The city lies roughly at the geographical centre of Denmark on the peninsula of The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Administration The Prefecture-level city of Nantong administers 8 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 4 county-level cities Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the £1 Billion are to be spent on improvements. A large area of the city is earmarked to be redeveloped with companies planning a new area of the city centre which would involve the demolition of the dilapidated St Davids shopping centre which has three or four traders, about 13% of the retail space in the centre and the Quadrant Shopping Centre. The result of this and the relocation of the Tesco Superstore near to the city's Sainsbury's store in Parc Tawe would mean that the new Centre would be almost four times the size of the Quadrant Centre. The city centre is also being brightened up with street art and new walkways along with the first phase of the David Evans - Castle Street development. Green spaces are also being added along with the further addition of Quadrant Square and Grand Theatre Square which are planned. Redevopment of the Oxford Street car park and Lower Oxford Street arcades are also planned. [30]
At the sea front, Meridian Quay is now Wales's tallest building at a height of over 80 metres; upon completion in 2009 it is planned to be 107 metres in height. The Ferrara Tower part of the Meridian Quay development currently under construction near the Marriott Hotel in the Maritime Quarter, Swansea, Wales is set to be It is still under construction adjacent Swansea Marina. Swansea Marina is a Marina located behind the Swansea Bay barrage at the mouth of the River Tawe in Swansea, south Wales. [31]
Economy
Swansea originally developed as centre for metals and mining, especially the copper industry, from the beginning of the 18th century. Swansea Docks ( ABP Name Port of Swansea) is an Atlantic shipping port in Swansea, south Wales. The City and County of Swansea is an Urban centre of regional importance with a largely Rural hinterland in Gower. The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 The industry reached its apogee in the 1880s, when 60% of the copper ores imported to Britain were smelted in the Lower Swansea valley. The Lower Swansea valley (Cwm Tawe Isaf is the lower half of the valley of the River Tawe in south Wales. However, by the end of the Second World War these heavy industries were in decline, and over the post-war decades Swansea shared in the general trend towards a post-industrial, service sector economy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A post-industrial society is a society in which an economic transition has occurred from a manufacturing based economy to a service based economy, a diffusion
Today, the most important economic sectors in Swansea are public administration, education and health; distribution, hotels and restaurants; and banking, finance and insurance. Public administration can be broadly described as the development implementation and study of branches of government Policy. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Much large scale private sector economic activity in the city consists of either manufacturing, call centres or other commercial back office functions including outsourcing. In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale A call centre or call center (see spelling differences) is a centralized office used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by A back office is a part of most Corporations where tasks dedicated to running the company itself take place Outsourcing is Subcontracting a process such as product design or Manufacturing, to a Third-party company In addition to being a holiday resort, Swansea is also a commercial centre, and the recently regenerated dock areas are home to some cutting-edge hi-tech industries. One of the best-known employers in Swansea is the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency. The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA (Asiantaeth Trwyddedu Gyrwyr a Cherbydau is the organisation of UK Government responsible for maintaining a database of Relative to the UK as a whole, Swansea (and Wales) lacks high quality professional and managerial jobs in the private sector, reflecting a phenomenon often described as a 'branch factory' economy where companies locate production or service delivery facilities in one area while placing head office functions elsewhere. This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. Management (covering theory practice and scope of management and Manager' (covering the people who manage might help clarify and systematise Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated However, while average earnings in Swansea are below the Welsh and UK figures, this does not necessarily reflect a gap in living standards since the cost of living varies geographically. Income, refers to consumption opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame which is generally expressed in monetary terms The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living.
Education
Swansea University has a campus in Singleton Park overlooking Swansea Bay. The Swansea observatory (also known as the Marina Towers Observatory and Tower of the Ecliptic) is located in the Maritime Quarter of Swansea Swansea University (Prifysgol Abertawe is a University located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. Singleton Park is the largest urban park in Swansea located in the Sketty district Its engineering department is recognised as a centre of excellence with pioneering work on computational techniques for solving engineering design problems. [32] The Department of Physics is renowned for its research achievements at the frontiers of Theoretical Physics, particularly in the areas of Elementary Particle Physics and String Theory. And many other departments such as History and German were awarded an "Excellent" in the last inspection. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The university was awarded the Times Higher Education Supplement Award for the UK's "best student experience" in 2005. [33] Other establishments for further and higher education in the city include Swansea Metropolitan University and Swansea College, with Gorseinon College seven miles outside the city. Swansea Metropolitan University (Prifysgol Fetropolitan Abertawe formerly Swansea Institute of Higher Education, or Athrofa Abertawe) is a University sited Coleg Gorseinon College is a Further education college college situated to the west of Swansea, in the suburb of Upper Loughor in Gorseinon Swansea Metropolitan University (formerly Swansea Institute of Higher Education) is particularly well-known for its Architectural Glass department; stained glass being a long time speciality.
In the local authority area, there is one nursery school; six infant schools and five junior schools. There are 77 primary schools, nine of which are Welsh-Medium, and six of which are voluntary aided. There are 15 comprehensive schools under the remit of the local education authority, of which two are Welsh-medium. Medium of instruction is the Language that is used in teaching In addition, there are six special schools. [34]
The oldest school in Swansea is Bishop Gore School. Bishop Gore is a secondary school in Swansea, Wales established in 1682. The largest comprehensive school in Swansea is the Olchfa School. Olchfa School is the largest Comprehensive school in Swansea, South Wales, with approximately 1900 pupils There is one Roman Catholic comprehensive school in the county - Bishop Vaughan Catholic Comprehensive School. The Bishop Vaughan Catholic Comprehensive School, as its name suggests is a Secondary school associated with the Roman Catholic faith The Welsh medium schools are Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Gŵyr and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bryn Tawe. Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Gŵyr is a Welsh language medium secondary school in Gowerton, Swansea, with approximately 800 pupils as of 2006 Ysgol Bryn Tawe is a Welsh-language comprehensive school based in Penlan, Swansea, southwest Wales. Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bryn Tawe opened in 2003, and is one of the leading schools in Britain in all aspects of education with its advanced technology.
Independent schools in Swansea include Ffynone House School, Oakleigh House School and Craig-y-Nos School. Ffynone House School is an independent secondary school in Swansea, Wales.
Local media
The local newspaper is the South Wales Evening Post. The South Wales Evening Post is a Tabloid evening Newspaper that serves South West Wales from Swansea. There is also a local free newspaper called the Swansea Herald, along with the local papur bro (Welsh-language newspaper) called Wilia. The Swansea Herald of Wales is a free local weekly newspaper distributed in the Swansea area of south Wales.
Swansea is served by three local radio stations, The Wave on 96. 4 FM, Swansea Sound on 1170 AM and Swansea Bay Radio on 102. Indroduction Swansea Sound is a radio station based in Swansea, Wales. Swansea Bay Radio is an independent local radio station ( ILR) broadcast from Neath, Wales, UK 1 FM. Swansea University also run its own radio station, Xtreme Radio, on 1431 AM. Swansea University Students' Union ( Undeb Myfyrwyr Prifysgol Abertawe) is the Students' union for Swansea University and is part of the part of National The area is also covered by the two South Wales regional station - Real Radio on 106. South Wales (De Cymru is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south and Mid Wales and West Wales Real Radio is a brand of Independent local radio stations in the United Kingdom owned by GMG Radio. 0 FM and Xfm South Wales on 107. XFM South Wales was a UK Regional Radio Station owned by GCap Media broadcasting alternative music to an 18-25 audience in South Wales 3 FM, as well as by the national services - BBC Radio Wales on 93. 9 FM and Welsh language service BBC Radio Cymru on 104. 2 FM.
Swansea is one of the few regions in Wales with reasonable digital radio coverage,[35] and this was improved further in January 2005 with the launch of the Swansea DAB multiplex, which carries seven services including The Wave, Swansea Sound, BBC Radio Wales and BBC Radio Cymru. Digital radio describes Radio technologies which carry Information as a Digital signal, by means of a Digital modulation method Digital Audio Broadcasting ( DAB) also known as Eureka 147, is a Digital radio technology for Broadcasting Radio stations used in The regional services Real Radio and Xfm South Wales are available digitally in the area via the MXR Severn Estuary multiplex. MXR Severn Estuary is a regional commercial digital radio multiplex in the United Kingdom which serves the West of England and South Wales, Digital radio is also broadcast via the Astra Satellite[36] and terrestrial freeview Radio Wales and others can be received this way.
Swansea is primarily served terrestrially by the Kilvey Hill transmitter, which provides digital terrestrial TV and DAB as well as analogue radio and TV. Kilvey Hill is a hill to the east of Swansea city centre Kilvey Hill is 193m/633ft high and is classed as a Sub Marilyn. It is also in the catchment area of the Wenvoe transmitter (based in the Vale of Glamorgan) and the Carmel transmitter in Carmarthenshire. The Wenvoe transmitting station is a facility for Broadcasting and Telecommunications situated close to the village of Wenvoe in the Vale of Glamorgan, Geography It has been a County borough (unitary authority since 1996, previously being part of South Glamorgan county Geography The county is bounded to the north by Ceredigion, to the east by Powys, Neath Port Talbot and Swansea, to the south by the
Swansea plays host to the BeyondTV Film Festival. BeyondTV is annual event organised by independent filmmakers Undercurrents to showcase the best of activism filmmakers. BeyondTV is an international video festival in Swansea. Organised by independent filmmakers Undercurrents BeyondTV has taken place since 2000 in various venues from the An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several Independent filmmakers Undercurrents and Studio8 are based in Swansea. Undercurrents is an alternative video news network which began with the UK distribution of Videotapes shot by volunteers
Swansea has lately also been host to the annual Swansea Bay Film Festival and past winning directors have included Gareth Evans, Anthony James, Alun D Pughe and Andrew Jones (filmmaker). Alun D Pughe (born in Aberystwyth on November 28th 1977 is an award-winning Welsh film and music video director Andrew Jones (born in Swansea on October 6 1983) is an award winning British screenwriter and director
Swansea has been used as a filming location for the film Twin Town and the TV serials Mine All Mine and Doctor Who. Twin Town is a 1997 Black comedy film made and set in Swansea, south Wales, although some parts were filmed in Port Mine All Mine is a British television series produced by Red Production Company for ITV. Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. [37]
Public Services
Swansea is policed by the South Wales Police. South Wales Police (Heddlu De Cymru is one of the four Territorial police forces in Wales. Their regional headquarters for the Swansea area is Cockett Police station. Ambulance services are provided by the Wales Ambulance Service, and Fire services provided by the Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service. The Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust is an NHS Trust which manages all Ambulance services in Wales. The Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service (Gwasanaeth Tân ac Achub Canolbarth a Gorllewin Cymru is the fire and rescue service covering the Welsh principal Swansea Airport is one of 3 Wales Air Ambulance bases in Wales along with Welshpool and Caernarfon. Swansea Airport is an Aerodrome located at Fairwood Common on the Gower peninsula to the west of Swansea. Welshpool Airport (also known as Mid Wales Airport) is located 2 Nautical miles (3 Caernarfon Airport is located 4 Nautical miles (74 km southwest of Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales. [2] Local public healthcare services are operated by Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust who operate two hospitals in Swansea with Accident and Emergency services: Singleton Hospital and Morriston Hospital. Abertawe Bro Morgannwg NHS University Trust (ABM (Ymddiriedolaeth Prifysgol GIG Abertawe Bro Morgannwg is an NHS Trust in Wales Singleton Hospital is a 550 bed Hospital located in Sketty Lane Swansea, Wales, operated by Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust Morriston Hospital is a 750 bed hospital located in Cwmrhydyceirw near Morriston, Wales, UK. Waste management services are coordinated by the local council which deals with refuse collection and recycling, and operate 5 civic amenity sites. Waste management is the collection Transport, processing, Recycling or disposal of Waste materials A civic amenity site ( CA site) or household waste recycling centre ( HWRC) is a facility where the public can dispose of Household waste The electricity distribution network operator supplying Swansea is Western Power Distribution. Distribution Network Operators (DNOs are companies licensed to distribute electricity in Great Britain by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. Western Power Distribution is the trading identity of two Electricity distribution companies - WPD South West (operating in South West England) and WPD South Wales Welsh Water provides drinking water supply and wastewater services to Swansea. Dŵr Cymru / Welsh Water (DCWW is a company which supplies drinking water and Wastewater services to most of Wales and parts of western England Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England There is a water treatment works at Crymlyn Burrows. Crymlyn Burrows is an area of land in Wales, UK to the east of Swansea city centre, and south of Crymlyn Bog. Reservoirs which supply Swansea include the Cray reservoir and the Lliw Reservoirs, which are operated by Welsh Water. Cray reservoir is a storage Reservoir located in the Brecon Beacons for the Water supply to the city of Swansea in South Wales and
Public order
There was a high rate of car crime during the 1990s. The BBC has described Swansea as a "black spot for car crime",[38] for example. However, over the past few years, there seems to have been a decline in car crime, possibly due to national media awareness or economic trends. Car crime is a central theme in the film Twin Town, which is set in and around Swansea. Twin Town is a 1997 Black comedy film made and set in Swansea, south Wales, although some parts were filmed in Port
The football violence that Swansea experienced during the 1970s-1990s has considerably reduced, the only major clashes occurring between Swansea City supporters and Cardiff City supporters. Many matches between these sides have ended in violence in both Swansea and Cardiff. These two clubs have a long history of intense rivalry,[39] being described in the media as tribal.
Swansea is also experiencing a growing drug problem, with teenage heroin use on the rise. [40]
Transport
- See also: Transport in Wales, History of Swansea, and Wikitravel:Swansea
The M4 motorway crosses though Swansea (junctions 44 to 47 inclusive). Transport in the United KingdomThis article is about means of transport within Wales. Swansea (Welsh Abertawe) is a City and local government area in south Wales. The M4 motorway is a Motorway in Great Britain linking London with Wales. The A48, formerly a trunk road, passes through the north of the city centre, through Llansamlet and past Morriston. The A48 is a major Trunk road in Great Britain. It runs from the A40 at Highnam west of Gloucester to the A40 at Carmarthen Park and Ride services are operated from car parks at Landore, Fabian Way and Fforestfach. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into Landore (Glandŵr is a district of Swansea, Wales, falling in the Landore council ward. During busy periods of the year, additional Park and Ride services are operated from the Brynmill recreation ground. Brynmill is a Suburb of the City and County of Swansea, Wales, UK.
Bus routes within Swansea are predominately by First and Veolia Transport Cymru with most originating from Swansea Bus Station. First Cymru Buses Ltd (part of First Group) is a provider of Public transport Bus services in South West Wales. Veolia Transport Cymru is a division of the Veolia Transport group (formerly Connex part of the French multinational Veolia Environnement. List of bus stations in Wales|Transport in Wales The Quadrant Bus Station (or Swansea Bus Station) is the bus station in Swansea, Wales. Veolia Transport Cymru operates the rural services around the Gower peninsula and the Lliw Valley branded Gower Explorer and Lliw Link respectively. Veolia Transport Cymru is a division of the Veolia Transport group (formerly Connex part of the French multinational Veolia Environnement. First, however, intends to introduce a service of 37-seater[41] hybrid buses on one set route between Morriston Hospital and the Civic Centre, which will supposedly speed up journeys and minimise delays by having passengers pay for their tickets at bus stops before boarding. First Cymru Buses Ltd (part of First Group) is a provider of Public transport Bus services in South West Wales. Morriston Hospital is a 750 bed hospital located in Cwmrhydyceirw near Morriston, Wales, UK. The Civic Centre (nee County Hall) is one of the main office blocks for the City and County of Swansea council and is located at the Swansea Bay waterfront First operates a shuttle bus (Service 100) to Cardiff Central bus station calling at Bridgend Designer Outlet. First Cymru Buses Ltd (part of First Group) is a provider of Public transport Bus services in South West Wales. List of bus stations in Wales|Transport in Wales Cardiff Central bus station is the main Bus transport interchange in Cardiff, the Capital city of The Bridgend Designer Outlet (formerly McArthurGlen Designer Outlet Wales) is a commercial development in Bridgend, Wales, United Kingdom Swansea is on the X40 Cardiff to Aberystwyth TrawsCambria bus route connecting the west and south of Wales. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Aberystwyth (Mouth of the River Ystwyth ˌæbəˈrɪstwɪθ Dialect: abɛrˈəstɔʏθ is a historic Market town, administrative centre and holiday resort within TrawsCambria is a brand name applied to a network of long- and middle-distance express Bus routes in Wales which are sponsored by the Welsh Assembly Government National Express serves Swansea operating eastbound to Heathrow Airport, Gatwick Airport, London, Birmingham, Cardiff and Bristol, and westbound to Llanelli, Carmarthen and Haverfordwest. National Express Group plc ( is a UK -based Transport group with headquarters in London that operates Bus, coach, rail Gatwick Airport is London 's second largest Airport and the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Llanelli ( English: Church of St Elli) pron, the largest Town in the County of Carmarthenshire, in south-west Carmarthen ( Welsh Caerfyrddin - caer fort + Myrddin Moridunum is the County town of Carmarthenshire, Wales. Haverfordwest (Hwlffordd is the County town of Pembrokeshire, in south-west Wales.
There are four dedicated cycle routes in the county area:
- Swansea Bay: The Maritime Quarter to the Knab Rock near the Mumbles Pier. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast The Maritime Quarter is a residential area of Swansea, Wales, UK located immediately south of the city centre shopping core The Mumbles Pier is an 835ft/225m long Victorian Pier built in 1898.
- Clyne Valley Country Park: Blackpill to Gowerton forming part of National Cycle Route 4. The National Cycle Network is a network of cycle routes in the United Kingdom.
- Along the east bank of the River Tawe forming the start of National Cycle Route 43, which continues northwards to Builth Wells. The River Tawe ( Afon Tawe in Welsh) is a river in south Wales. Builth Wells (Llanfair ym Muallt is a Town in the modern day Welsh county of Powys, in what was the historic county of Brecknockshire
- Adjacent to the Fabian Way: Forming part of National Cycle Route 4 and extending as the Celtic Trail to Chepstow and (eventually) London.
A new bridge was completed in November 2007 over the Fabian Way. It provides a new express bus-only lane incorporating a shared-use pedestrian and cycle way. The bus lane serves the Fabian Way Park and Ride facility.
Swansea railway station, is located 10 minutes from Swansea Bus Station by foot. Swansea railway station is the Railway station serving Swansea, Wales. Swansea railway station is the Railway station serving Swansea, Wales. List of bus stations in Wales|Transport in Wales The Quadrant Bus Station (or Swansea Bus Station) is the bus station in Swansea, Wales. Services calling at Swansea operate to Llanelli, Carmarthen, Milford Haven and Haverfordwest, Shrewsbury to the north, and Cardiff Central (for connections to England and beyond), Newport High Street and London Paddington to the east. Llanelli ( English: Church of St Elli) pron, the largest Town in the County of Carmarthenshire, in south-west Carmarthen ( Welsh Caerfyrddin - caer fort + Myrddin Moridunum is the County town of Carmarthenshire, Wales. Milford Haven (Aberdaugleddau meaning "mouth of the two Rivers Cleddau" is a town in Pembrokeshire, south-west Wales. Haverfordwest (Hwlffordd is the County town of Pembrokeshire, in south-west Wales. Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Cardiff Central railway station (Caerdydd Canolog is a major British railway station on Central Square in Cardiff, Wales. Newport High Street railway station or more commonly Newport (Casnewydd is the 3rd busiest railway station in Wales (after Cardiff Central and Cardiff London Paddington station, also known as London Paddington, or just simply Paddington, is a major National Rail and London Underground station There are also stations in Gowerton, Llansamlet and in Pontarddulais which are served by Arriva Trains Wales. Gowerton railway station serves the village of Gowerton, Wales. Llansamlet railway station is a minor railway station in Llansamlet, Swansea, Wales. Pontarddulais railway station serves the town of Pontarddulais and village of Hendy in Wales. Arriva Trains Wales (Trenau Arriva Cymru is a train operating company that operates urban and inter urban passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches
Swansea is served by Cardiff International Airport, 44 miles east, in the Vale of Glamorgan, which provides scheduled domestic and international flights. Cardiff International Airport (Maes Awyr Rhyngwladol Caerdydd is the main airport for Wales serving around 2 million people in Cardiff and the rest of South and Geography It has been a County borough (unitary authority since 1996, previously being part of South Glamorgan county It is approximately 40 minutes away by road or 70 minutes by rail. Swansea Airport is a minor airport situated in the Gower providing recreational flights only. Swansea Airport is an Aerodrome located at Fairwood Common on the Gower peninsula to the west of Swansea. Further development of the airport is strongly resisted by the local communities and environmental groups. Pembrey Airport, 17 miles to the west offers charter flights to a few European destinations. Pembrey Airport is located in Pembrey, Carmarthenshire, in Wales.
Mumbles railway and tram
The Swansea and Mumbles Railway was built in 1804 to move limestone from the quarries of Mumbles to Swansea and to the markets beyond. The Swansea and Mumbles Railway was the world's first passenger Railway service, located in Swansea, Wales. It carried the world's first fare-paying railroad passengers on the day the British Parliament abolished the transportation of slaves from Africa. It later moved from horse power to steam locomotion, and finally converting to electric trams, before closing in January 1960, in favour of motor buses. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2]. At the time of the railway's decommissioning, it had been the world's longest serving railway and it still holds the record for the highest number of forms of traction of any railway in the world - horse-drawn, sail power, steam power, electric power, diesel and petrol.
There are some groups trying to bring trams back to Swansea one example is Trams4Swansea. [42]
Leisure and tourism
The beaches at Langland, Caswell and Limeslade are used by swimmers and tourists with children, whereas Swansea Bay tends to attract water-sport enthusiasts. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast Coastal paths connect most of the Gower bays and Swansea Bay itself, and can attract hikers to the countryside views throughout the year. Although little known on the tourist map, areas north of Swansea offer various panoramas of mountain landscapes. The former fishing village of Mumbles (located on the western edge of Swansea Bay) has a Victorian pier and a number of restaurants, pubs and coffee shops. Mumbles (otherwise The Mumbles &ndash Welsh Y Mwmbwls) is a large village with adjacent headland stretching into Swansea Bay. Swansea Bay ( Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is an bay on the Bristol Channel on the South Wales coast Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Mumbles Pier is an 835ft/225m long Victorian Pier built in 1898. The promenade at Mumbles offers a panoramic view of Swansea Bay.
Attractions
On the Waterfront [3], Swansea Bay has a five mile (8 km) sweep of coastline which features a beach, promenade, children's lido, leisure pool, marina and maritime quarter featuring the newest and oldest museums in Wales - the National Waterfront Museum and Swansea Museum. The National Waterfront Museum, Swansea or NWMS ( Welsh: Amgueddfa genedlaethol y glannau) is a Museum situated in Swansea, Wales The Swansea Museum in Swansea, Wales, UK is the oldest Museum in Wales. Also situated in the maritime quarter is the Dylan Thomas Centre which celebrates the life and work of the author with its permanent exhibition 'Dylan Thomas - Man and Myth'. The Dylan Thomas Centre is an arts centre located in the Maritime Quarter in Swansea, Wales, UK. The centre is also the focal point for the annual Dylan Thomas Festival (27 October - 9 November). The SA1 Waterfront area is the latest development for living, dining and leisure. SA1 Swansea Waterfront is the marketing name given to the brownfield development area located in northern part of Swansea Docks. Swansea Bay, Mumbles and Gower are home to various parks and gardens and almost 20 nature reserves. Clyne Gardens is home to a collection of plants set in parkland and host to 'Clyne in Bloom' in May. The Clyne Valley Country Park is an area of parkland in Swansea, Wales. Singleton Park has acres of parkland, a botanical garden, a boating lake with pedal boats, and crazy golf. Singleton Park is the largest urban park in Swansea located in the Sketty district Plantasia is a tropical hothouse pyramid featuring three climatic zones, housing a variety of unusual plants, including several species which are extinct in the wild, and monkeys, reptiles, fish and a butterfly house. The Plantasia is a large public hothouse located in the Parc Tawe retail park Swansea, Wales. Other parks include Cwmdonkin Park, where Dylan Thomas played as a child, and Victoria Park which is close to the promenade on the seafront. Cwmdonkin Park is an urban park situated in the Uplands area of Swansea, south Wales.
Activities
Swansea has a range of outdoor activities like swimming, sailing, water skiing, surfing, sea angling, canoeing, rowing, hiking and cycling. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Water skiing is a Sport where an individual (or more than one individual is pulled behind a Motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) Canoeing is the activity of paddling a Canoe for the purpose of recreation (also called a float trip Sport, or transportation. With regard to Watercraft, rowing is the act of propelling a boat using the motion of Oars in the water The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles Part of the Celtic Trail and the National Cycle Network, Swansea Bay provides a range of traffic-free cycle routes including routes along the seafront and through Clyne Valley Country Park. The Celtic Trail cycle route ( NCR 47 4 is a dedicated cycle route crossing West Wales and South Wales, covering some 377 miles The National Cycle Network is a network of cycle routes in the United Kingdom. The Clyne Valley Country Park is an area of parkland in Swansea, Wales. The Cycling Touring Club CTC has a thriving local group in the area [4]. Swansea Bay, Mumbles and Gower have a selection of golf courses. Swansea also attracts surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, kite buggying, sailing, canoeing, waterskiing and fishing enthusiasts.
Prior to closure in 2003, Swansea Leisure Centre was one of the top ten visitor attractions in the UK. Swansea Leisure Centre is a Leisure centre located in the city centre of Swansea, Wales, UK. It has been redeveloped as an indoor waterpark[43] and was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 7 March 2008. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II [44]. The Wales National Pool is based in Swansea. The Wales National Pool (Pwll Cenedlaethol Cymru in the Sketty area of Swansea, Wales, UK is a 50 metre Swimming pool built to [45]
Nightlife
Swansea has a range of bars, clubs and restaurants within the city centre. The majority of bars and clubs are situated on Wind Street, which has a large number of mainstream chains with different atmospheres and music genres such as Varsity, Walkabout and Aspers Casino. Swansea The Varsity chain of forty bars is owned and operated by Barracuda Group in Marlow in Buckinghamshire. Walkabout is a chain of Australian themed bars operating in the UK. Most Wednesdays and Thursdays are popular with students, although Thursday is the 'official' student night, with many bars offering a discount. There are clubs situated on the Kingsway such as Jumping Jaks, Flares and Escape. Swansea Oceana opened their largest UK venue on Swansea's Kingsway in April 2008. Oceana is a chain of nightclubs in the United Kingdom owned and managed by Luminar Leisure.
There are also alternative bars and clubs located in the city centre, with some having live music from local bands. The Office, Sin City, Crowleys, Milkwood Jam and Inferno are the rock clubs sometimes playing live music. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. There is also a Jazz club, Jazzland. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States
The gay club and bar scene in Swansea is mostly based along High Street. Venues include the clubs Hush and 2-10 and the bars Champers, The Kings and Exchange, which is located on The Strand nearer Wind Street.
Beaches
Oxwich Bay on the Gower peninsula was named the most beautiful beach in Britain by travel writers who visited more than 1,000 around the world in search of the perfect sands (2007). Oxwich Bay is a Bay on the south of the Gower peninsula, Wales. The Travel Magazine praised Oxwich for "magnificent and unspoilt" scenery and as a "great place for adults and children to explore". It boasts over three miles (5 km) of soft, golden sands, making it the ideal family getaway. Not surprisingly, The Guardian voted it one of Britain's top 10 sandy beaches (2007). The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Independent newspaper hailed Rhossili Bay as "the British supermodel of beaches" (2006) and the best beach in Britain for breathtaking cliffs (2007), whilst The Sunday Times listed it as one of the 25 best beaches in the world (2006). The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Rhossili ( is a small Village and Community on the southwestern tip of the Gower peninsula near Swansea in Wales. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Thanks to its clear air and lovely golden sand, this romantic stretch of sand was voted the best place in the UK to watch the sun set (Country Living magazine 2005) and one the top romantic spots in the country (The Guardian 2007). Country Living is a lifestyle and decorating magazine published by the Hearst Corporation. Nearby Llangennith Beach, with its soft sands, consistent beach break and great facilities, was listed as the best place to learn how to surf in Britain by The Observer (2006) and one of the 10 'classic surfing beaches by The Guardian (2007). Gower also claims Britain's Best Beach, Three Cliffs Bay. Three Cliffs Bay ( otherwise Three Cliff Bay, is a bay on the south coast of the Gower peninsula in the City and County of Swansea, Wales The Gower landmark topped the BBC Holiday Hit Squad nationwide competition (2006) and was voted Britain's best camping beach by The Independent thanks to its superb setting and quiet location (2007). Three Cliffs Bay also made the final of the ITV series Britain's Favourite View - the only nomination in Wales and backed by singer Katherine Jenkins. Three Cliffs Bay ( otherwise Three Cliff Bay, is a bay on the south coast of the Gower peninsula in the City and County of Swansea, Wales Katherine Jenkins (born 29 June 1980 in Neath, Wales) is an award-winning Welsh Mezzo-soprano. Nearby Brandy Cove came sixth in an online poll to find the UK's top beach for the baby boomer generation (2006). Brandy Cove is a very small beach in the Gower peninsula, south Wales, that is much less accessible than Caswell Bay immediately to the east Beaches which won 2006 Blue Flag Beach Awards are: Bracelet Bay, Caswell Bay, Langland Bay, Port Eynon Bay and Swansea Marina (one of the few Blue Flag Marinas in Wales). Bracelet Bay is a bay on the south side of the Gower peninsula, Wales, just to the southwest of Swansea Bay. Caswell Bay is a popular UK holiday resort in the south east of the Gower peninsula, Swansea, Wales. Langland Bay is a popular coastal holiday resort near Mumbles, Swansea, Wales. Port Eynon is a Village and community in the city and county of Swansea, Wales. All of these beaches also won a Seaside Award 2006. Limeslade was awarded the Rural Seaside Award and the Green Coast Award. Limeslade Bay is a small cove just to the west of Bracelet Bay in the south east corner of the Gower peninsula, Wales. Other Green Coast Awards went to Pwll Du, Rhossili Bay and Tor Bay. Rhossili ( is a small Village and Community on the southwestern tip of the Gower peninsula near Swansea in Wales. Three Cliffs Bay ( otherwise Three Cliff Bay, is a bay on the south coast of the Gower peninsula in the City and County of Swansea, Wales
References
- ^ Census 2001: Key Statistics for urban areas in England and Wales. ONS (2004). Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Graham Pointer. The UK’s major urban areas: Chapter 3. ONS. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ (2007-07-26) in Glanmor Williams: Swansea, An Illustrated History. Christopher Davies. ISBN 0-7154-0714-7.
- ^ Swansea Timeline (English). Genuki (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
- ^ Swansea (English). Classic Encyclopedia (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
- ^ London Gazette, issue no. 44986, 12 December 1969
- ^ Prince announces city status for Swansea. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Times. 4 July 1969.
- ^ London Gazette, issue no. 48932, 25 March 1982
- ^ a b Physical Description (English). Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) City and County of Swansea (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Gower Heritage Centre. One Big Garden (2005). Retrieved on 2008-05-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ Student information - Swansea geography (English). City and County of Swansea (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Soggiest city in Britain pays high price for rain (English). icWales (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ uk.weather.com Monthly Climate Statistics: Swansea united Kingdom (English). uk. weather. com (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler
- ^ Swansea, Wales (English). MSN News & Weather (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler
- ^ 2001 Census Socio Economic Profile
- ^ Swansea City and County: Population 2004 Mid Year Estimates, Population Estimates Unit, ONS. Crown Copyright. (English). City and County of Swansea (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ News Release: Urban Areas in Wales (English). National Statistics Office (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ The Welsh Academy Encyclopedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2008
- ^ Rosser, C. and Harris, C. C. (1998) The Family and Social Change: A Study of Family and Kinship in a South Wales Town. Routledge
- ^ Swansea's Three Nights Blitz. BBC (2005-09-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Tourism joins shopping at market (English). BBC News (2003). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ The Swansea Earthquake of 27 June 1906 (English). British Geological Survey (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ The Living Tradition Festival Listing, 2007 (English). The Living Tradition (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Brangwyn Hall & The Empire Panels (English). BBC (2006). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ South Wales Evening Post, September 8, 2004, and subsequent issues. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
- ^ Results of the 2001 Census of Population on the Language in Electoral Wards (English). Welsh Language Board (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Two pieces of Welsh sporting history auctioned (English). icWales. co. uk (2006). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ see Swansea City and County and National Council on Archives: Rules for the Construction of place names
- ^ Council leader resigns after defeat (English). BBC News (2004). Retrieved on 2007-07-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat
- ^ City Centre Strategic Framework (English). City and County of Swansea (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Work Begins On Wales Tallest. Skyscrapernews. com (2006-06-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Academic Expertise (English). WDA (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. ; Knowledge Transfer from the Civil and Computational Engineering Centre and Future Interaction Technologies (English). Swansea University (2007). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Award winners announced! (English). The Times Higher Education Supplement (2005). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ List of Schools 2006/2007 (English). City and County of Swansea (2006). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Minutes of the Meetings Held at Broadcasting House, Llandaff, Friday 9 December 2005 (English). BBC (2004). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Astra 2A at 28.2°E. Lyngsat. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Robin Turner (2004-09-22). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Ex-Doctor 'may return as villain'. icWales. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Police 'not soft' on car crime (English). BBC News (2002). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ British Hooligan Scene (English). view from the terrace (1997). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Young 'turning to cheaper heroin' (English). BBC News (2006). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ The Wright Group
- ^ Rob Speht (2007-09-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Trams4Swansea. Rob Speht. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Swansea Leisure Centre to shut (English). BBC News (2003). Retrieved on 2007-07-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus
- ^ Swansea's New Leisure Centre (English). City and County of Swansea (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev
- ^ National Pool 'not just for elite' (English). BBC News (2004). Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
External links
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