| County of Sutherland until circa 1890 |
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| Geography | |
| Area - Total |
Ranked 5th 1,297,846 acres (5252 km²) |
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| County town | Dornoch |
| Chapman code | SUT |
Sutherland (In Gaelic the area is referred to according to its traditional areas: Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh (NW), Asainte (Assynt), and Cataibh (East). Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. Dornoch ( Gaelic: Dòrnach, d̪̊ɔːɾnəx is a town and Seaside resort, and former Royal burgh in the Highlands of Scotland Chapman codes are largely a superset of the ISO 3166-2GB and BS 6879 codes identifying administrative divisions in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. However, Cataibh will often be heard used as referring to the area as a whole) is a registration county, lieutenancy area and historic administrative county of Scotland. A registration county was in England Wales and Northern Ireland a statistical unit used for the output of Census information The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch 's representatives in Scotland. The counties of Scotland were the principal divisions of Scotland until 1975 Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It is now within the Highland local government area. The Highland Council area ( Sgìre Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd in Gaelic, s̪g̊ʲiːɾʲə kɔ For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as
The county town, and only burgh of the county, is Dornoch. A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. Dornoch ( Gaelic: Dòrnach, d̪̊ɔːɾnəx is a town and Seaside resort, and former Royal burgh in the Highlands of Scotland Other settlements include Lairg, Brora, Durness, Embo, Tongue, Golspie, Helmsdale, Lochinver and Kinlochbervie. Lairg ( Scottish Gaelic: An Luirg) is a small Town in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland. Brora ( Scottish Gaelic: Brùra) is a village in the east of Sutherland, in the Highland area of Scotland. Durness ( Diuranais in Gaelic) is a remote township in the northwestern Highlands of Scotland, lying on the Kyle of Durness For the scientific organisation see European Molecular Biology Organization. Tongue ( Scottish Gaelic: Tunga from Old Norse Tunga) is a coastal Village in northwest Highland, Scotland (in the Golspie is a coastal village in Sutherland, Highland, Scotland. Helmsdale ( Gaelic Bun Illidh) is a Village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland region of Scotland. Lochinver ( Loch an Inbhir in Gaelic) is a village on the coast in the Assynt district of Sutherland, Highland, Scotland Kinlochbervie ( Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Loch Biorbhaidh) is a harbour village in the north west of Sutherland, in the Highland region of The population of the county as at the 2001 Census was 13,466. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001
The administrative county became a local government area in 1890, and was abolished in 1975, when the Sutherland district was created as one of eight districts of the Highland local government region. Local government in Scotland is organised through 32 unitary authorities consisting of Councillors elected every four years by registered voters in each of the The regions and districts of Scotland were established under the Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 as a two-tier system of Local government in Scotland. The region was created at the same time as the district. The district was abolished in 1996, when the region became a unitary council area. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as
The Sutherland name dates from the era of norse rule over much of the Highlands and Islands, especially in the north and west, which was perhaps at its zenith in the early 11th century, when Sigurd the Stout was jarl of Orkney. Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language The Highlands and Islands of Scotland are broadly the Scottish Highlands plus Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides. Sigurd Hlodvisson ( Circa 960&ndash 23 April 1014) popularly known as Sigurd the Stout, was Earl of Orkney. Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning " Chieftain " and referring especially to chieftains Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Suðrland was then land to the south of, or in the south of, Norse Caithness. Geography Caithness extends about 40 Miles (64 Kilometres) north-south and about 30 miles (50 km east-west As a Scottish county, however, Sutherland also includes land which is to the west of the county of Caithness.
Sutherland,especially the great North-West corner of the County, traditionally known as Strathnaver, was the home,of the powerful and warlike Clan Mackay, and as such was named in Gaelic, Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh, the Homeland of Mackay. The Clan Mackay ( Gaelic: Mac Aoidh) is an ancient and once powerful Scottish clan from the country's far north in the Scottish Highlands, but Even today this part of the county is known as Mackay Country, and, unlike other areas of Scotland where the names traditionally associated with the area have become diluted, there is still a preponderance of Mackays in the Dùthaich.
As well as Caithness to the north and east, Sutherland has North Sea (Moray Firth) coastline in the east, the historic county of Ross and Cromarty (formerly Ross and Cromarty) to the south, and Atlantic coastline in the west and north. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Moray Firth ( Scottish Gaelic: An Cuan Moireach or Linne Mhoireibh) is a roughly triangular Inlet (or Firth) of the North Ross and Cromarty Committee area (1996-date Ross and Cromarty lieutenancy area (1996-date Ross-shire, or the County of Ross, ( Siorrachd Rois in Scottish Gaelic) is a former county of Scotland. Cromartyshire ( Siorrachd Chromba in Gaelic) was a county in the Highlands of Scotland, consisting of a series of Enclaves
The inland landscape is rugged and very little populated, being Scotland's 5th largest historic county, but with less population than a medium-size lowland Scottish town. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It stretches from the Atlantic in the west, up to the Pentland Firth and across to the North Sea. The Pentland Firth ( Scottish Gaelic: An Caol Arcach, meaning the Orcadian Strait which is actually more of a Strait than a Firth, separates The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The sea-coasts boast very high cliffs and deep ords in the east and north, ragged inlets on the west and sandy beaches in the north. As would be expected, much of the population is based in seaward towns, such as Helmsdale and Lochinver, which until very recently made much of their living from the rich fishing of the waters around the British Isles. Helmsdale ( Gaelic Bun Illidh) is a Village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland region of Scotland. Lochinver ( Loch an Inbhir in Gaelic) is a village on the coast in the Assynt district of Sutherland, Highland, Scotland The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan The remote far north west point of the county, Cape Wrath is the most north westerly point in Great Britain. For the television series see Cape Wrath (TV series. For the Morrissey-Mullen album see Cape Wrath (album Cape Wrath See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands
Transport links are poor: the A9 road main east coast road is challenging north of Helmsdale, particularly at the notorious Berriedale Braes, there are few inland roads, the east coast Far North Line north-south single-track railway line and no airports. Helmsdale ( Gaelic Bun Illidh) is a Village on the east coast of Sutherland, in the Highland region of Scotland. The A9 road on the east coast of Caithness, Scotland passes the Berriedale Braes between Helmsdale and Lybster, close to the boundary The Far North Line is a rural Railway line entirely within the Highland area of Scotland, extending from Inverness to Thurso and Much of the former county is poor relative to the rest of the United Kingdom with few job opportunities beyond government funded employment. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located There are no colleges or university presence in the former county either.
Sutherland is perhaps best known for its saddest memory: The Highland Clearances: a long folk-memory of people driven out of their homes in the 18th century by poverty, starvation, desperate clan chiefs, ambitious sheep farmers and rich landowners. The Highland Clearances ( Scottish Gaelic: Fuadaich nan Gàidheal the expulsion of the Gael were Forced displacements of the population of the Scottish Sutherland suffered more than most parts of the Highlands, scattering people with the surname Mackay far and wide across the globe.
Contents |
Local government
- See also: Politics of the Highland council area
County, burgh and parishes, 1890 to 1975
Sutherland became a local government county, with its own elected county council, in 1890, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Highland Council Management areas 1996 to 2007 For lists of wards see Highland Council wards 1995 to 1999 and Highland Council Local government in Scotland is organised through 32 unitary authorities consisting of Councillors elected every four years by registered voters in each of the The counties of Scotland were the principal divisions of Scotland until 1975 The Local Government (Scotland Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict c 50 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which was passed on 26 August 1889. At that time, one town within the county, Dornoch, was already well established as an autonomous burgh with its own burgh council. Dornoch ( Gaelic: Dòrnach, d̪̊ɔːɾnəx is a town and Seaside resort, and former Royal burgh in the Highlands of Scotland A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. Parish councils, covering rural areas of the county were established in 1894. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches
Dornoch, a royal burgh, served as the county's administrative centre. A royal burgh was a type of Scottish Burgh which had been founded by or subsequently granted a Royal charter.
The parish councils were abolished in 1931 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929. The Local Government (Scotland Act 1929 (19 & 20 Geo V C25 reorganised local government in Scotland from 1930, introducing joint County councils The county council and the burgh council were abolished in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. The Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 (1973 c 65 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland The 1973 act also created a new two tier system, with Sutherland as a district within the Highland region. The Highland Council area ( Sgìre Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd in Gaelic, s̪g̊ʲiːɾʲə kɔ The regions and districts of Scotland were established under the Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 as a two-tier system of Local government in Scotland.
District, 1975 to 1996
In 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, the county was divided between Caithness and Sutherland local government districts within the Highland region, with Tongue and Farr areas of the county of Sutherland becoming part of the Caithness district (which also included the area of the county of Caithness). The Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 (1973 c 65 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland The Highland Council area ( Sgìre Comhairle na Gàidhealtachd in Gaelic, s̪g̊ʲiːɾʲə kɔ The regions and districts of Scotland were established under the Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 as a two-tier system of Local government in Scotland. Tongue ( Scottish Gaelic: Tunga from Old Norse Tunga) is a coastal Village in northwest Highland, Scotland (in the Strathnaver or Strath Naver ( Scottish Gaelic, Srath Nabhair) is the Strath of the River Naver, in the Sutherland area of Also, the Kincardine area of the county of Ross and Cromarty was merged into the new Sutherland district. Ross and Cromarty Committee area (1996-date Ross and Cromarty lieutenancy area (1996-date Shortly after its creation, however the boundary between the districts of Sutherland and Caithness were redrawn to follow that between the counties.
The region was also created in 1975, as one of nine two-tier local government regions of Scotland. Each region consisted of a number of districts and both regions and districts had their own elected councils. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. The creation of the Highland region and of Sutherland as a district involved the abolition of the one burgh council in Sutherland, Dornoch, as well as abolition of the Sutherland county council. A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. Dornoch ( Gaelic: Dòrnach, d̪̊ɔːɾnəx is a town and Seaside resort, and former Royal burgh in the Highlands of Scotland A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County.
In 1996 local government in Scotland was again reformed, to create 32 unitary council areas. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as The Highland region became the Highland unitary council area, and the functions of the district councils were absorbed by the Highland Council.
Management area and area committees, 1996 to 2007
In 1996, Sutherland and the other seven districts of the Highland region were merged in to the unitary Highland council area, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as The Local Government etc (Scotland Act 1994 (1994 c 39 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government The new Highland Council then adopted the former districts as management areas and created a system of area committees to represent them. Many large Local government councils in the United Kingdom have a system of area committees, with responsibility for services in a particular part of the
Until 1999 the Sutherland management and committee areas consisted of seven out of the 72 Highland Council wards. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Each ward elected one councillor by the first past the post system of election. The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member
In 1999, however, ward boundaries were redrawn but management area boundaries were not. As a result area committees were named for and made decisions for areas which they did not exactly represent. The new Sutherland committee area consisted of six out of the 80 new Highland Council wards.
New wards were created for elections this year, 2007, polling on 3 May and, as the wards became effective for representational purposes, the Highland Council's management and committee structures were reorganised. The Sutherland management area and the Sutherland area committees were therefore abolished. The management area is now divided between two of the five new ward management areas of the council's new Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross corporate management area. Highland Council Management areas 1996 to 2007 For lists of wards see Highland Council wards 1995 to 1999 and Highland Council
Community councils, 1975 to present (2007)
Although created under local government legislation (the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973) community councils have no statutory powers or responsibilities and are not a tier of local government. The Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 (1973 c 65 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland Community councils (CCs are the most local statutory representative bodies in Great Britain. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Local government in Scotland is organised through 32 unitary authorities consisting of Councillors elected every four years by registered voters in each of the They are however the most local tier of statutory representation.
Under the 1973 act, they were created in terms of community council schemes created by the district councils which were created under the same act. The Sutherland district scheme was adopted in 1975.
Statutory status for community councils was continued under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, and the Sutherland scheme is now the responsibility of the Highland Council. The Local Government etc (Scotland Act 1994 (1994 c 39 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which created the current local government Highland Council Management areas 1996 to 2007 For lists of wards see Highland Council wards 1995 to 1999 and Highland Council
Constituency
The Sutherland constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom represented the county from 1708 to 1918. Sutherland was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories At the same time however the county town of Dornoch was represented as a component of the Northern Burghs constituency. Dornoch ( Gaelic: Dòrnach, d̪̊ɔːɾnəx is a town and Seaside resort, and former Royal burgh in the Highlands of Scotland
In 1918 the Sutherland constituency and Dornoch were merged into the then new constituency of Caithness and Sutherland. Caithness and Sutherland was a County constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1918 to 1997 In 1997 Caithness and Sutherland was merged into Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross. Caithness Sutherland and Easter Ross is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster)
The Scottish Parliament constituency of Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross was created in 1999 and now has boundaries slightly different from those of the House of Commons constituency. Caithness Sutherland and Easter Ross is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) In the Scottish Parliament Sutherland is represented also as part of the Highlands and Islands electoral region. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Constituencies and council areas The constituencies were created in 1999 with the names and boundaries of Westminster constituencies as existing in at that time The Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) has 73 constituencies, each electing one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP by the Plurality ( First
Footnotes
- 1. ^ Sutherland derives from a Norse perception of the land as 'southern' (Suðrland meaning "Southland"). Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language The Norse referred similarly to the Western Isles as Suðreyjar (the "Southern Isles"), southern in relation to the "Northern Isles" of Orkneys, Shetlands and Faroes). The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse
- 2. ^ Sutherland has two main names in the county's indigenous Scottish Gaelic: Cataibh may be used for the whole county, but tended historically to apply to the south east, and Dùthaich MhicAoidh (Mackay Country) which was used for the north west, sometimes referred to as Reay Country in English. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Cataibh can be read as meaning land of the Cat people and the Cat element appears as Cait in Caithness. The Scottish Gaelic name for Caithness, however, is Gallaibh, meaning land of the foreigner or of the Norse.
See also
External links
- Small Area Population Estimates 2004PDF (412 KB) (www. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as Clan Sutherland is a Highland Scottish clan whose traditional territory is located in the region of Sutherland in northern highlands of Scotland and was This is a list of Counties of Scotland created by the Local Government (Scotland Act 1889 and abolished in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 highland. gov. uk)
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