Susenyos of Ethiopia

Susenyos (also Sissinios, as in Greek, Ge'ez ሱስንዮስ sūsinyōs; throne name Malak Sagad III, Ge'ez መልአክ ሰገድ, mal'ak sagad, Amh. mel'āk seged, "to whom the angel bows"; 1572 - September 7, 1632) was nəgusä nägäst (1606 - 1632) of Ethiopia. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Ge'ez (gez ግዕዝ) also called Ethiopic, is an Abugida script that was originally developed to write Ge'ez, a Semitic language Ge'ez (ግዕዝ, ɡɨʕɨz also transliterated Gi'iz, and referred to as Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic Language Amharic (አማርኛ amarəñña) is a Semitic language spoken in North Central Ethiopia by the Amhara. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. The Emperor ( Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት nəgusä nägäst " King of Kings " of Ethiopia was the hereditary NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page His father was Abeto (Prince) Fasilides, a grandson of Dawit II; as a result, while some authorities list him as a member of the Solomonic dynasty, others consider him, instead of his son, as the founder of the Gondar line of the dynasty (ultimately a subset, however, of the Solomonic dynasty). Dawit II ( Ge'ez ዳዊት dāwīt) enthroned as Emperor Anbasa Segad ( Ge'ez አንበሳ ሰገድ anbassā sagad, Amh The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is said Gondar or Gonder ( Ge'ez: ጎንደር Gōnder, older ጐንደር Gʷandar, modern pronunciation Gʷender) is a city in

Manoel de Almeida, a Jesuit who lived in Ethiopia during Susenyos' reign, described him as "tall, with the features of a man of quality, large handsome eyes, pointed nose and an ample and well groomed beard. Manuel de Almeida (1580&mdash1646 was a native of Viseu, who entered at an early age into the Society of Jesus, and went out as a Missionary to India The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order He was wearing a tunic of crimson velvet down to the knee, breeches of the Moorish style, a sash or girdle of many large pieces of fine gold, and an outer coat of damask of the same colour, like a capelhar"^[1]

As a boy, a group of marauding Oromo captured him and his father, holding them captive for over a year until they were rescued by the Dejazmach Assebo. This is a list of Ethiopian Aristocratic and Court Titles used in Ethiopia until the end of the Monarchy in 1974. Upon his rescue, he went to live with Queen Admas Mogasa, the mother of Sarsa Dengel and widow of Emperor Menas. Sarsa Dengel ( Ge'ez ሠረጸ ድንግል śarṣa dingil, Amh

In 1590s, Susenyos was perceived as one of potential successors, as Emperor Sarsa Dengel's sons were very young. At the death of his one-time ally, Emperor Za Dengel, he was proclaimed his successor, although the fight against Emperor Yaqob continued. Za Dengel was {{IPA|negusä nägäst}} (throne name Asnaf Sagad II or As

Susenyos became ruler following the defeat of first Za Sellase, then Yaqob at the Battle of Gol, located in southern Gojjam, in 1607. Yaqob I ( Ge'ez ያዕቆብ yāʿiqōb, Amh yā'iqōb; died 1638 was {{IPA|nəgusä nägäst}} (throne name Malak Gojjam ( Ge'ez ጎጃም gōjjām, originally ጐዛም gʷazzam, later ጐዣም gʷažžām, ጎዣም gōžžām) was a province However, he delayed being crowned until March 18, 1608, in a ceremony at Axum described by Joao Gabriel, the captain of the Portuguese in Ethiopia. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Axum, or Aksum, is a City in northern Ethiopia named after the Kingdom of Aksum, a naval and trading power that ruled from the region ca Because the body of Yaqob had never been found after the Battle of Gol, for the first few years of his reign Susenyos was troubled by revolts from a number of men claiming to be the dead king.

Susenyos campaigned against the Agaw in the north, the encroaching Oromo in the south, and is said in his Royal Chronicle to have made his power felt along his western frontier from Fazogli north to Suakin. The Agaw ( Ge'ez አገው Agaw, modern Agew) are a people of Ethiopia. Fazogli (فازوجلي or Fazokl, was a district in colonial Egypt under British rule Suakin is a port in north eastern Sudan, on the Red Sea. It was formerly the region's chief port on the Red Sea but is now a secondary port to Port Sudan ^[2]

He was interested in Catholicism, in part due to Pedro Páez' persuasion, but also hoping for military help from Portugal and Spain (in union at the time of Susenyo's reign). Pedro Páez or Pêro Pais ( 1564 - May 25, 1622) was a Jesuit Missionary in Ethiopia. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Some decades earlier, in 1541, Christopher da Gama (son of the legendary Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama) had been in charge of a military expedition to save the Ethiopian emperor Gelawdewos from the onslaught of Ahmed Gragn, a Muslim Imam who almost destroyed the existence of the Ethiopian state. Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira ('vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ ( Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca Gelawdewos ( Ge'ez ገላውዴዎስ galāwdēwōs, modern gelāwdēwōs, "Claudius" 1521/ 1522 - March 23, 1559 Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (c 1506 - February 21, 1543) ("the Conqueror" was an Imam and General of Adal An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community Susenyos hoped to receive a new contingent of well-armed European soldiers, this time against another enemy, the Oromo who were invading from the south, and to put down constant internal rebellion. He showed the Jesuit missionaries his favor by a number of land grants, most importantly those at Gorgora, located on a peninsula on the northern shore of Lake Tana. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Gorgora ( Ge'ez: ጎርጎራ Gōrgōrā, also especially formerly ጐርጐራ Gʷargʷarā, modern prononciation Gʷergʷerā) is a town and Lake Tana (also spelled T'ana, Amharic: ጣና ሐይቅ Ṭānā Hāyḳ,"Lake Tana" an older variant is Tsana, Ge'ez

In 1613, Susenyos sent a mission heading for Madrid and Rome, led by Fr. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Antonio Fernandes. For the US Representative from New Mexico see Antonio M Fernández. The plan was to head south, in an attempt to reach Malindi, a port on the Indian Ocean in what is Kenya today, hoping to break through the effective blockade that the Ottoman conquests had created around the Ethiopian empire by sailing all the way around the southern tip of Africa. Malindi (once known as Melinde) is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies Troops information or aid from reaching an opposing force The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish However, they failed to reach Malindi, due to delays caused by local Christians hostile to the mission.

Despite several letters from Susenyos to the King of Spain (and Portugal), Philip III, asking for military help, no Spanish or Portuguese soldiers ever arrived. after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King Even so, Susenyos at last converted to Catholicism in 1622 in a public ceremony, and separated himself from all of his wives and concubines except for his first wife. However, the tolerant and sensitive Pedro Paez died soon afterwards, and his replacement Alfonso Mendez, who arrived at Massawa on January 24, 1624, proved to be haughty and less tolerant of traditional practices. Pedro Páez or Pêro Pais ( 1564 - May 25, 1622) was a Jesuit Missionary in Ethiopia. Massawa, formerly known as Mitsiwa ( Ge'ez ምጽዋ miṣṣiwa, Arabic مصوع maṣṣawaʿ Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Strife and rebellions over the enforced changes began within days of Mendez' public ceremony in 1626, where he proclaimed the primacy of Rome and condemned local practices, suppressing even the use of the Ethiopian calendar. The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar,

In 1630, the Viceroy of Begemder, Sarsa Krestos, proclaimed Susenyos's son Fasilides emperor; Sarsa Krestos was promptly captured and hanged. Begemder (also Gondar or Gonder after its capital) was a province in the northwestern part of Ethiopia. Two years later, Susenyos's brother Malta Krestos revolted in Lasta, which was put down at the cost of 8,000 lives. Lasta ( Ge'ez: ላስታ lāstā) is a historic district in north-central Ethiopia. This purposeless loss of life depressed Susenyos, and on returning to his palace at Dankaz, he granted his subjects freedom of worship, in effect restoring the traditional Ethiopian Church. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (in transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is an Oriental ^[3]

He ended his reign by abdicating in favor of his son, Fasilides. He was buried at the church of Genneta Iyasus.

Notes

^ C. F. Beckingham and G. W. B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. 189. Beckingham and Huntingford gloss capelhar as a "kind of short mantle of Moorish origin. "
^ Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 369
^ Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time (New York: Palgrave, 2000), pp. 98f

Notes

Further reading