Surya
Surya
the sun
Devanagari	सूर्य
image = surya . jpg
Affiliation	Graha
Consort	Saranyu, Ragyi, Prabha and Chhaya
Mount	Chariot drawn by seven white horses / by seven headed horse (Charioteer:Aruna)[1]
Planet	Sun
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In Hinduism, Surya (Devanagari: सूर्य, sūrya, lit "the Supreme Light" ^[2] ) is the chief solar deity, one of the Adityas, son of Kasyapa and one of his wives Aditi^[3], of Indra, or of Dyaus Pitar (depending by the versions). Graha (from Sanskrit ग्रह gráha -- seizing laying hold of holding is a 'cosmic influencer' on the living beings of mother Bhumidevi ( Earth) Saranyu ( Saraṇyū) or Saraniya is the wife of Surya, and a goddess of the dawn and the clouds in Hindu mythology, and is sometimes associated Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. "Sun god" redirects here For the Ramsey Lewis album see Sun Goddess (album. In Hinduism, the Ādityas are a group of Devas or celestial gods the sons of Āditi and Kashyapa. This article is about the Hindu sage Kashyapa or Kasyapa See also Kassapa Buddha for information on the ancient buddha and Mahakasyapa information on the disciple Aditi ( Sanskrit अदिति - limitless) ''a'' not + ''diti'' bound from the verbal root ''da'' to bind unbounded free as a noun infinite and shoreless Indra ( Sanskrit: इन्द्र or इंद्र Indra, Malay: Indera, Thai: พระอินทร์ Phra-Intra In the Vedic religion Dyauṣ Pitar   is the Sky Father, husband of Prithvi and father of Agni and Indra ( RV 4 He has hair and arms of gold. Hair is a keratinised protein filament that grows through the epidermis from follicles deep within the Dermis. In Anatomy, an arm is one of the Upper limbs of an animal The term arm can also be used for analogous structures such as one of the paired upper limbs Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Surya drives through the heaven in his triumphal chariot harnessed by seven horses or one horse with seven heads ^[4], which represent the seven colours of the rainbow or the seven chakras. The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Chakra ( Pali: chakka Tibetan: khorlo Malay: cakera is a Sanskrit term meaning Circle or Wheel He presides over "Ravi-waar" or Sunday. Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. In the Jewish law it is the first day of the Hebrew calendar week

In Hindu religious literature, Surya is notably mentioned as the visible form of God that one can see every day. Furthermore, Shaivites and Vaishnavas often regard Surya as an aspect of Shiva and Vishnu, respectively. Shaivism, also spelled "Saivism" names the oldest of the four sects of Hinduism. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva For other meanings see Vishnu (disambiguation. Vishnu ( IAST viṣṇu Devanagari विष्णु (honorific For example, the sun is called Surya Narayana by Vaishnavas. Narayana ( Sanskrit: नारायण nārāyaṇa) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary In Shaivite theology, Surya is said to be one of eight forms of Shiva, named the Astamurti. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva

His other names include Vivasvat (Sanskrit: वैवस्वत) (also Visvakarma or Vivasvan), Ravi (lit. "the Fire Bird" ^[5]), Aditya (lit. the son of Aditi) ^[6], Pusha (the best Purifier), Divakar (the maker of the day), Savita (the vivifier), Arka (the ray), Mitra (friend) ^[7], Bhanu (light), Bhaskar (maker of Light) and Grahapati (the Lord of Grahas) ^[8] . Aditi ( Sanskrit अदिति - limitless) ''a'' not + ''diti'' bound from the verbal root ''da'' to bind unbounded free as a noun infinite and shoreless In Vedic religion, Savitr ( stem) Savitā ( Nominative singular) is a Solar deity (see Deva) and one of the *mitra ( Proto-Indo-Iranian, nominative *mitras) was an important Indo-Iranian divinity Graha (from Sanskrit ग्रह gráha -- seizing laying hold of holding is a 'cosmic influencer' on the living beings of mother Bhumidevi ( Earth)

Contents 1 Depictions 2 Surya Namaskara, or the "Sun salutation" 3 Surya's religious role and mythic relationships 4 In astrology 5 Temples 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Depictions

Sometimes Surya has two hands with a lotus in each of them; sometimes four with a lotus, chakra, a conch and the fourth hand makes the gesture of protection. Chakra ( Pali: chakka Tibetan: khorlo Malay: cakera is a Sanskrit term meaning Circle or Wheel ^[9]

Surya Namaskara, or the "Sun salutation"

A well-known Hindu mode of worship of the devotional movements of Surya is done at the rising of the Sun, known as Sūrya namaskāra (Sun Salutation). A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Devotional movements refers to various forms of Hinduism in India that co-exist with differing doctrines and practices For the chapter from the holy text Taittirīya Āranyaka, see Surya namaskara chapter. Ten yogic postures are assumed in successive flowing movements to complete one namaskar. Twelve sacred Hindu mantras uttered and for each mantra one complete namaskar is done. Ancient practice is to do 108 namaskaras a day. It is considered most auspicious by Hindus to do this.

The 12 mantras for surya namaskara:

1. ॐ मित्राय नमः aum mitrāya namah
2. ॐ रवये नमः aum ravayé namah
3. ॐ सूर्याय नमः aum sūryāya namah
4. ॐ भानवे नमः aum bhānavé namah
5. ॐ खगय नमः aum khagāya namah
6. ॐ पुष्णे नमः aum pushné namah
7. ॐ हिरण्यगर्भाय नमः aum hiranyagarbhāya namah
8. ॐ मारिचाये नमः aum mārichāyé namah
9. ॐ आदित्याय नमः aum ādityāya namah
10. ॐ सावित्रे नमः aum sāvitré namah
11. ॐ आर्काय नमः aum ārkāya namah
12. ॐ भास्कराय नमः aum bhāskarāya namah

The mantra frequently recited to praise the Surya comes from the Rig Veda, Book 1 Hymn 35:

आ कृष्णेन् रजसा वर्तमानो निवेशयन्न अमृतं मर्त्यं च ।

हिरण्ययेन सविता रथेना देवो याति भुवनानि पश्यन ॥

Throughout the dusky firmament advancing, laying to rest the immortal and the mortal,

Borne in his golden chariot he cometh, Savitar, God who looks on every creature. The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge"

The Gayatri Mantra is also associated with Surya. This is an article dedicated to Gayatri Mantra or sacred religious chant common to Hinduism and Brahmoism. Another hymn associated with Surya is the Aditya Hridayam, recited by the great sage Agastya to Rama on the warfield before the fight with Ravana. Aditya Hridayam, is a hymn associated with the Sun or Surya and was recited by the great sage Agastya to Rama on the battlefield before fighting with In Hinduism, Agastya (अगस्त्य in Devanagari, pronounced /ə gəs tyə/ is a legendary Vedic sage or Rishi. Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: For the South Indian film see Ravana (film. Ravanaa, also transliterated as Raavana, Ravan or

Surya's religious role and mythic relationships

In Hindu religious literature, Surya is notably mentioned as the visible form of God that one can see every day. Furthermore, Shaivites and Vaishnavas often regard Surya as an aspect of Shiva and Vishnu, respectively. Shaivism, also spelled "Saivism" names the oldest of the four sects of Hinduism. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva For other meanings see Vishnu (disambiguation. Vishnu ( IAST viṣṇu Devanagari विष्णु (honorific For example, the sun is called Surya Narayana by Vaishnavas. Narayana ( Sanskrit: नारायण nārāyaṇa) or Narayan is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary In Shaivite theology, Surya is said to be one of eight forms of Shiva, named the Astamurti. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva

Vivasvat (Surya) had three queens - Saranya (also called Sanjna or Sangya), Ragyi and Prabha. Saranyu ( Saraṇyū) or Saraniya is the wife of Surya, and a goddess of the dawn and the clouds in Hindu mythology, and is sometimes associated Ragyi had a son named Revanta or Raivata while Sangya was the mother of Vaivasvata Manu or Sraddhadeva Manu ( the seventh i. Revanta or Raivata (Sanskrit रेवन्त lit "brilliant" is a minor Hindu deity In Hindu mythology, Sraddhadeva Manu or Vaivasvata Manu ( Sanskrit: वैवस्वत मनु is one of the 14 Manus and the son of e. present Manu) , the twins Yama Dev (the Lord of Death) & his sister Yami ( associated with the river Yamuna). For other uses of Manu see Manu In Hinduism, Manu is a title accorded the progenitor of mankind, first king to rule | Llama, the animal Yama ( Sanskrit: यम also known as Yamarāja (यमराज in India Yanluowang (閻羅王 or simply Yan In Vedic beliefs Yamī is the First woman, along with her twin brother Yama. For the goddess of the river who is sometimes called Yamuna see Yami The Yamuna (Sanskrit यमुना Surya is the father of the twins known as the Ashwins, divine horsemen and physicians to the Devas, from Sanranya. The Ashvins (अश्विन ( aśvin- "possessor of horses" "horse tamer" "cavalier" dual aśvinau) or Ashwini Kumaras Deva (देव in Devanagari script pronounced as /'d̪evə/ is the Sanskrit word for "god Deity " Once, Sangya being unable to bear the extreme radiance of Surya created a superficial entity from her shadow called Chhaya and instructed her to act as Surya's wife in her absence. Chhaya mothered two sons - Savarni Manu( the eighth i. Sarvabhauma comes as Savarni Manu, a son born to the sun-god and wife named Chaya e. next Manu) and Shani Dev (the planet Saturn), while the names of her daughters were Tapti(goddess of river Tapti) and Vishti. For other uses of Manu see Manu In Hinduism, Manu is a title accorded the progenitor of mankind, first king to rule Shani ( Sanskrit Śani शनि is one of the Navagraha which are the nine primary celestial beings in Hindu astrology or The Tapti River (original name Tapi River) is a river in central India. ^[10]

In Ramayana, he is described as father the Monkey King Sugriva, who helped Rama and Lakshmana defeat the demon king Ravana. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Devanāgarī: sa रामायण is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the Hindu sage ( Maharishi) Valmiki In Hindu mythology Sugriva ( Sanskrit: सुग्रीव Sugrīva, Malay: Sugriwa, Thai: Sugreep) Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: Lakshmana ( Sanskrit: लक्ष्मण IAST Lakṣmaṇa Malay: Laksmana Thai / Lao: Phra Lak was the brother and close companion For the South Indian film see Ravana (film. Ravanaa, also transliterated as Raavana, Ravan or He also trains Hanuman as his guru. Hanuman (हनुमत् sa-Latn '''Hanumat''' nominative singular sa हनुमान् sa-Latn ''Hanumān'' known also as ' Anjaneya' (son of Anjana is one of the The Suryavanshi dynasty of kings, Rama being one of them, also claims descent from him. The Sun Dynasty or Solar Dynasty or Suryavansha is one of the most prominent dynasties in the history of Hinduism, along with the "Chandravansha"

In the Mahabharata, princess Kunti receives instruction for a mantra from sage Durvasa by which reciting she is able to summon any god and bear a child with him. Kunti ( Sanskrit: कुंती is the mother of the eldest three of the Pandava brothers from the Indian epic Mahābhārata. A mantra ( Devanāgarī मन्त्र (or mantram is a religious or mystical syllable or poem typically from the Sanskrit language In Hinduism, Durvasa (दुर्वास is an ancient sage, son of Atri and Anasuya. Unable to believe the power of this mantra she tries to summon Surya. When Surya appears, she is overawed and requests him to go back, but Surya is compelled to fulfil the mantra before returning. Surya magically causes Kunti to bear a child immediately so that she, an unmarried princess, would not be subject to questions from the king or his court. Kunti discards this child, Karna, who grows up to become one of the central characters in the great battle of Kurukshetra. Karna ( Sanskrit: कर्ण written Karṇa in IAST transliteration is one of the central characters of the Mahābhārata. Kurukshetra ( Hindi: कुरुक्षेत्र is the name of a City in Kurukshetra District of the Indian state of Haryana हरियाणा

In astrology

In Vedic astrology Surya is considered a mild malefic, on account of his hot, dry nature. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Jyotiṣa ( Sanskrit jyotiṣa, from jyótis- "light heavenly body" also spelled Jyotish and Jyotisha in English Surya represents soul, will power, fame, the eyes, general vitality, courage, kingship, father, highly placed persons and authority. He is exalted in the sign Mesha (Aries) and is in his fall in the sign Tula (Libra). The strongest placement for Surya is directly overhead in the 10th house, and on the angles, (the 1st, 4th and 7th houses). Surya is lord of three nakshatras or lunar mansions: Krittika, Uttara Phalguni and Uttara Ashadha. A nakshatra ( Devanagari: नक्षत्र or lunar mansion is one of the 27 or 28 divisions of the sky identified by the prominent star(s in them that the The star cluster Kṛttikā, ( Devanagari: कृत्तिका kɹ̩t̪t̪ikɑː popularly transliterated "Krittika" sometimes known as Kārtikā Surya has the following associations: the colors copper or red, the metals gold or brass, the gemstone ruby, the direction east and the season of summer. The Food Grain associated with him (One of Nava Dhanyas) is Wheat.

Temples

There are Surya temples all across the country. The most famous one is World Heritage Site of the Sun Temple, Konark, Orissa. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Konark ( Sanskrit: कोनार्क) is a small town in Puri district of Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. Besides Konark, there is also another sun temple in Orissa called Biranchi khetra (Biranchi Narayan Temple) in Buguda, Ganjam District. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Buguda is a town and a Notified area committee in Ganjam district in the state of Orissa There is a sun temple in Modhera,Gujarat, created by king Bhimdev of Solanki dynasty and Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> The Solanki (from Chalukya, an ancient Indian dynasty are a Hindu clan who ruled parts of western and central India between the 10th Arasavalli is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to the Sun god Surya, located near Srikakulam town of Andhra Pradesh, India There are temples of Surya in cluster of Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu and Assam. Navagraha temples are temples devoted to the nine (nava major celestial bodies ( Grahas of Hindu astronomy. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city

See also

• Hindu deities
• Sun deity
• Aditya
• Solar Deity
• Surya Namaskara
• Navagraha

References

External links

• An ancient hymn to Surya - from the Rig Veda
• Weekly podcast on Vedic Chanting and Vedic Mythology with stories from the Puranas
• Surya Upanishad (Wikisource)

Padma Purana ( Devanagari: पद्म पुराण one of the major eighteen Puranas, a Hindu religious text is divided into five parts The Rigveda ( Sanskrit sa ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, a compound of ṛc "praise verse" and veda "knowledge"

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