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Surf music
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
1955 - 1957 California, United States
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularity High mainstream success in the early 1960s, revival in late 1980s and into 1990s
Derivative forms Surf rock - Surf pop

Surf music is a genre of popular music associated with surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. The music of the Middle East and North Africa spans across a vast region from Morocco to Afghanistan and its influences can be felt even further afield Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind Surf rock is a style of music that originated in the USA that mixes elements of Surf music and Rock music, and partially due to the number of Mexican Surf music is a Genre of Popular music associated with Surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more Surf culture includes the people language fashion and life surrounding the sport of modern Surfing. Orange County is a county in Southern California, United States.

It has two basic subgenres:

Many notable surf bands have been equally noted for both surf instrumental and surf pop music, so surf music is generally considered as a single genre despite the variety of these styles. Surf rock is a style of music that originated in the USA that mixes elements of Surf music and Rock music, and partially due to the number of Mexican 1950s 1960s Al Casey The Astronauts The Atlantics The Beach Boys The Bel-Airs

Recordings are normally attributed to the bands that performed them, rather than to individual artists.

Additionally, surfers have internalized a form of reggae music and created their own Rasta identity. Both in Puerto Rico and the United States, youth surfers in the late 80's and early 90's found their own niche in the reggae world. Interestingly enough, the surfers in both countries were not urban youth, such as the genre had previously been identified, but were upper middle class, light skinned "blanquitos" or whities[1]. This shows the diversity of the surfing subculture and its ability to adopt aspects of completely different cultures. Also, this permits a cross-cultural connection to be formed between the origins of the music base (Jamaica in the case of reggae) and the locations where it is being listened to by the surfers (the United States and Puerto Rico) [2]

Contents

Surf Rock

Generally dance music of medium to fast tempo, with electric guitars dominating the sound, and almost always in straight 4/4 common time. This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. 2266-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl or TEMPO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH23(CMe22NO An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats

Surf guitarists are noted for extensive use of the "wet" spring reverb sound and use of the tremolo arm on their guitar to bend the pitch of notes downward. Reverberation is the persistence of Sound in a particular space after the original sound is removed A tremolo arm or tremolo bar (also called a "whammy bar" or "wang bar" is a lever attached to the bridge and/or the Tailpiece of Tube (valve) amplification, often through a Fender amplifier, is standard to achieve the Surf sound. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation of Quincy Illinois is a manufacturer of stringed instruments such as solid-body Electric guitars including the The use of vibrato units (or more properly, tremolo) is also common; these were typically built into the guitar amplifiers of the late 1950s and 1960s, and more recently in effects pedals. A vibrato unit is an Effects unit used to modify the sound of an Electric guitar by producing a regular variation in the Amplitude (volume of the sound Tremolo, or tremolando, is a Musical term with several meanings A regular and repetitive variation in Amplitude for the duration A guitar amplifier is an Electronic amplifier designed for use with an electric or electronic Musical instrument, such as an Electric guitar. An effects pedal (or a " Stomp Box " is an electronic Effects unit housed in a small metal or plastic chassis used by musicians usually Electric Distortion is not commonly used, but occasionally a fuzz effect may be heard.

A typical surf instrumental band has the following instruments at its core:

The addition of tenor or baritone saxophone was common in the "classic" era of the early 1960s, but is rare today. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind Additional guitars, organ, electric piano, or hand drums or other percussion are also frequently used. A hand drum is any type of Drum that is typically played with the bare Hand rather than a Stick, Mallet, Hammer, or other type of

This basic configuration is identical to that adopted in the early development of rock and roll music, and the two styles developed in parallel, with some bands clearly in both genres. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Both styles influenced the development of the electric guitar, electric bass and drum kit, in the process each affecting the other. For example, Dick Dale the self-proclaimed "King" of the surf guitar, worked closely with Leo Fender to design higher-wattage amplifiers, which in turn allowed rock musicians to play louder. Dick Dale (born Richard Anthony Monsour on May 4, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a Surf rock guitarist, Clarence Leonidas Fender ( August 10, 1909 - March 21, 1991) also known as Leo Fender, was an American inventor who

Surf music was one of the first genres to universally adopt the electric bass. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The Fender Precision Bass was virtually standard amongst early surf groups, and was cutting-edge at the time. The Fender Precision Bass (sometimes shortened to the " P Bass " is an electric bass guitar, and was the first widely-available model of the instrument Unlike the double bass, a simple electric bass line can be learned by musicians with a minimal skill level. The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. Thus, it was common practice to assign a marginal guitarist to play bass in many groups. Still, the promotion of more creative uses of electric bass as part of surf music influenced both rock and jazz music of the era. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States

Surf music also shared with rock and roll and jazz in the development of drum kit technique. A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Both surf and rock music (and some jazz styles) adopted a back beat as standard at about the same time, and using similar fills and rhythms. In Music, back beat (also backbeat) is a term applied both to a specific style of Rhythmic Accentuation with accent on even Both surf and rock styles were predominantly 4/4 common time. The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats It can also be said that Surf drummers looked to the jazz world for inspiration; Gene Krupa, a hard-hitting jazz drummer, was a specific influence on the surf genre. Gene Krupa ( January 15, 1909 &ndash October 16, 1973) was an influential American Jazz and Big band Drummer

History

In the 1960s, Southern California was a melting-pot of many strains of musical thought. Rock and Roll music was popular, with instrumental rockers such as Duane Eddy, Link Wray, and Santo and Johnny proving that strong vocal ability was unnecessary to achieve a level of stardom. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Duane Eddy (born April 26, 1938) is a Grammy Award -winning American Guitarist. Fred Lincoln "Link" Wray Jr ( May 2, 1929 – November 5, 2005) was an American Rock and roll Guitarist Santo & Johnny were an Italian-American Rock and roll duo from Brooklyn comprised of brothers Santo and Johnny Farina Los Angeles was a hub of Jazz activity, and the biggest acts typically played there. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Unlike much of the US at the time, large numbers of Mexicans lived in this part of California, and their music was no doubt heard by many aspiring musicians of the era. Rock instrumentation, with an aggressive jazz-influenced drummer and some Latin influences equals Surf music. It merely required a few local talents to achieve a level of popularity before a trend was born. In actuality, Dick Dale had essentially created the surf sound around 1957. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar)

Most Early surf bands were formed in Southern California area, with groups such as Dick Dale and the Del-Tones, the Challengers, Eddie & the Showmen and the Surfaris. Dick Dale (born Richard Anthony Monsour on May 4, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a Surf rock guitarist, Eddie & the Showmen were a Surf rock band of the 1960s Formed in Southern California by Eddie Bertrand, formerly of The Bel-Airs The Surfaris were an American Surf music band formed in Glendora, California in 1962 Orange County in particular had a strong surf culture, and the Rendezvous Ballroom in Balboa hosted many surf-styled acts. A typical night's entertainment featured not only Surf music, but cover versions of popular hits of the day.

The popularity of the genre led groups from other areas to try their hand as well. Both the Astronauts (Boulder, Colorado) and The Trashmen (Minneapolis, Minnesota) played surf music and their Billboard hits "Baja" (Astronauts, #94, 1963) and "Surfin Bird" (#4, 1964) showed that the popularity of the genre was spreading widely. The Trashmen were a Rock and roll band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1962 The Rivieras from South Bend, Indiana, hit #5 in 1964 with "California Sun".

In 1963, Checker Records released the album "Surfin' With Bo Diddley" (Checker LP-2987) and the track "Surfer's Love Call" as the A-side of a single (Checker 1045) by the rock and roll pioneer Bo Diddley. Checker Records was started in 1952 as Bo Diddley ( December 30 1928 &ndash June 2 2008, born Ellas Otha Bates) was an original and influential American

The Atlantics, from Sydney, Australia, were not exclusively surf musicians, but made significant contributions to the genre, the most famous example with being their hit "Bombora" (1963). This article refers to the Australian Surf rock band See paragraph at the end of this page for information on other bands called The Atlantics Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Another Australian surf band who were known outside their own country's surf scene was the Joy Boys, whose hit "Murphy the Surfie" (1963) was later covered by the Surfaris. The Surfaris were an American Surf music band formed in Glendora, California in 1962

European bands around this time generally focused more on the style played by the Shadows. The Shadows are an English instrumental and vocal Rock and roll group active from the 1950s to the 2000s A notable example of European surf instrumental is Spanish band Los Relampagos' rendition of "Misirlou". The Dakotas, who were the British backing band for mersey-beat singer Billy J. Kramer gained some attention as surf musicians with "Cruel Sea" (1963), which was later covered by the Ventures and eventually other instrumental surf bands, including the Challengers and the Revelairs. The Dakotas is a group of British invasion Musicians which initially convened as a Backing band in Manchester, England Billy J Kramer (born William Howard Ashton 19 August 1943, in Bootle, Liverpool, England) was a British Invasion

For decades, "Vibrations" (The Ventures) was used in TV program in the Soviet Union called "International Panorama".

While known as a genre that developed on the West Coast of the United States in the 1960s, a 1990s revival has sparked a resurgence worldwide. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States Man or Astro-man?, Los Straitjackets, Pollo Del Mar and many others perform on a regular basis. Man or Astro-man? is a Surf rock group that formed in Auburn Alabama in the late 1980s and came to prominence in the 1990s Los Straitjackets is an Instrumental Rock and roll group Members include Guitarists Eddie Angel and Danny Amis Bassist Pete Curry and Pollo Del Mar are a Surf rock band from San Francisco California. Other groups such as Simon and the Bar Sinisters and Southern Culture on the Skids also dabble in this genre. Southern Culture on the Skids, also known to fans as SCOTS, is an American music group composed of Rick Miller (vocals guitar Dave Hartman (percussion and Mary Huff

Examples

Surf Instrumental Record Labels:

Surf Pop

Surf pop music can be split into two styles. Martin Cilia was born in Essex England in 1958 He moved to Perth Western Australia with his family in January 1968 Green Cookie Records is an Independent record label based in Thessaloniki, Greece. Surf music is a Genre of Popular music associated with Surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California

Surf Ballads

Surf ballads tend to be slow and dominated by male vocal harmonies, often including a falsetto descant part and sometimes also a falseto lead. Surf music is a Genre of Popular music associated with Surf culture, particularly Orange County and other areas of Southern California The term falsetto (Italian diminutive of falso, false refers to the Vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the Modal voice register and Descant or Discant can refer to several different things in music depending on the period in question etymologically the word means a voice ( cantus) They may be in any time signature. The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats Themes tend to be romantic and linked to surf culture. Surf culture includes the people language fashion and life surrounding the sport of modern Surfing. They can be said to descend directly from the Rhythm and Blues harmony groups of the late 1950s.

Examples:

Beach Music

Not to be confused with the Carolina genre, this is medium to fast dance music which adds a male or female vocal line and often harmonies, but shares many of the instrumental roots of surf rock music. Beach music, also known as Carolina beach music, is a regional genre which developed from various musical styles of the Forties, Fifties and Sixties Themes of the lyrics often derive from surf culture, teenage issues, and can be lighthearted or even humorous. Such music appealed to non-surfers on a level that the instrumentalists did not. With the exception of Dick Dale, the Beach Music groups enjoyed much higher sales and popularity than the Instrumental bands. Dick Dale (born Richard Anthony Monsour on May 4, 1937, in Boston, Massachusetts) is a Surf rock guitarist, They were also more likely to gain the national spotlight and make the Billboard chart. The Billboard charts are music sales airplay and digital ranking reports distributed to the general public by Billboard magazine

Examples:

Sources

  1. ^ Giovannetti, Jorge L. "Popular Music and Culture in Puerto Rico: Jamaican and Rap Music as Cross-Cultural Symbols. " In Musical Migrations: Transnationalism and Cultural Hybridity in the Americas, ed. Frances R. Aparicio and Cándida F. Jáquez, 81-98. New Y
  2. ^ World Cities and World Beat: Low-Wage Labor and Transnational Culture George Lipsitz The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 68, No. 2, Orange Empires. (May, 1999), pp. 213-231. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199905%2968%3A2%3C213%3AWCAWBL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C

See also

1950s 1960s Al Casey The Astronauts The Atlantics The Beach Boys The Bel-Airs Surf rock is a style of music that originated in the USA that mixes elements of Surf music and Rock music, and partially due to the number of Mexican
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