| Surabaya Soerabaya |
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| Motto: Surabaya bersih dan hijau (English: Surabaya green and clean) |
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  Surabaya
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country | Indonesia | ||
| Province | East Java | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 459. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. East Java (Jawa Timur is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 50 km² (177. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) | ||
| Population (2005) | |||
| - Total | approx. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 4 million [1] | ||
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) | ||
| Website: surabaya.go.id | |||
Surabaya (formerly Soerabaja) is Indonesia's second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia UTC+7 is a Time zone used in Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. This is a list of the largest and second largest cities by population in each Country. ||-||-||}The Province ( Indonesian: provinsi or propinsi) is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. East Java (Jawa Timur is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura It is also one of the biggest cities in Southeast Asia. It is located on the northern shore of eastern Java at the mouth of the Mas River and at the side of the Madura Strait. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Madura Strait is a narrow stretch of water that separates the Indonesian islands of Java and Madura. Known as the city of heroes, because of its heroic role in the history of Indonesia. In 2007, the population of the city is approximately 4 million. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
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Etymology
Surabaya is commonly said to derive its name from the words sura or suro (shark) and baya or boyo (crocodile), two creatures which, in a local myth, fought each other in order to gain the title of "the strongest and most powerful animal" in the area according to a Jayabaya prophecy. Sharks ( Superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of Fish with a full cartilaginous Skeleton and a highly streamlined body A crocodile is any Species belonging to the family Crocodylidae (sometimes classified instead as the Subfamily Crocodylinae) The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Ratu Joyoboyo, also Sri Mapanji Jayabaya or Jayabhaya, reigned over the Indianized kingdom of Kediri in East Java from AD[[ This prophecy tells about a big fight between a giant white shark and a giant white crocodile in seizing the city upstream. Now the two animals are used as the city's logo, the two facing each other while circling the city's monument, the Heroic Monument (also known as Heroes' monument). This folk etymology, though embraced enthusiastically by city leaders, is somewhat dubious. Alternate derivations proliferate: e. g. from the Javanese sura ing baya, meaning "bravely facing danger". Some people consider this Jayabaya prophecy as a great war between Surabaya native people and invaders in 1945, while another story is about two heroes that fought each other in order to be the king of the city. The two heroes were Sura and Baya.
History
In the fifteenth and sixteenth century, Surabaya was a sultanate and a major political and military power in eastern Java. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings It entered a conflict with, and was later captured by, the more powerful Sultanate of Mataram in 1625 under Sultan Agung. The Sultanate of Mataram (pronounced muh-TAR-uhm was the last major independent Javanese empire on Java before the island was colonized by the Dutch Sultan Agung of Mataram or Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo or Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo ( Ha and A is the same character in Javanese letter was It was one of Mataram's fiercest campaigns, in which they had to conquer Surabaya's allies, Sukadana and Madura and to lay siege to the city before capturing it. Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. With this conquest, Mataram then controlled almost the whole of Java, with the exception of the Sultanate of Banten and the Dutch settlement of Batavia. The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the sixteenth century It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, who later went on to found Cirebon. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia.
The expanding East Indies Companies took the city over from a weakened Mataram in November 1743. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Year 1743 ( MDCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Surabaya became a major trading center under the Dutch colonial government, and hosted the largest naval base in the colony. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below
In 1917 a revolt occurred amongst the soldiers and sailors of Surabaya, led by the Indies Social Democratic Association. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Communist Party of Indonesia (in Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was the largest non-ruling Communist party in the world prior The revolt was firmly crushed and the insurgents given harsh sentences.
During World War II Surabaya was captured by the Japanese in 1942, until the Allies bombed it in 1944. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After that it was seized by Indonesian nationalists. Timeline of the Indonesian National RevolutionThe Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between However, the young nation was soon put into conflict with the Allied-backed Dutch who tried to retake their colony. The Battle of Surabaya was one of the most important battles of the Indonesian revolution. The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-Independence Indonesian soldiers and militia against British and the Netherlands troops as a part of the Indonesian It was started after British Brigadier General Mallaby was killed in October 30, 1945 near Jembatan Merah (the "Red Bridge"). Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Allies gave an ultimatum to the Indonesian freedom fighters inside the city to surrender, but this was refused. The ensuing battle took place on 10 November, nowadays celebrated as Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan). Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Because of prolonged international pressure, the Dutch transferred sovereignty of Indonesian in December 1949. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The city
As the main seaport and commercial center in the eastern region of Indonesia, Surabaya has become one of the largest cities in Southeast Asia. Today, Surabaya's population is around five million, and the surrounding metropolitan area houses at least 7 million. The areas surrounding Surabaya include Lamongan to the northwest, Gresik to the west, Bangkalan to the northeast, Sidoarjo to the south, and Mojokerto and Jombang to the southwest. Lamongan is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia, with a width of 1182 Gresik is the capital of the sub-region of Gerbangkartasusilo, East Java, Indonesia. Bangkalan Regency is a regency (kabupaten of East Java province in Indonesia. Sidoarjo is a regency ( kabupaten) of East Java, Indonesia. Sidoarjo is bordered by Surabaya city and Gresik regency Mojokerto is one of the districts in East Java Province Indonesia. Jombang may refer to the following places in Indonesia Jombang Regency, a regency of East Java Jombang Jombang, a subdistrict of Jombang
Currently, the Indonesian government is building the Suramadu Bridge between Surabaya and the island of Madura; when completed, it will be the longest bridge in the country. The Suramadu Bridge ( Jembatan Suramadu) also known as the Surabaya-Madura Bridge, is a bridge with cable-stayed section currently under construction Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. Madura is currently accessible by a ferry service that operates regularly from Surabaya's port, Tanjung Perak (which literally means: "Silver Cape" in Indonesian). See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of
BRI Tower, BII Tower, and Graha Pena are three of the highest towers in Surabaya. BRI Tower is a Skyscraper building in Surabaya. It is one of the highest tower in Surabaya. BII Tower is a skyscraper building in Surabaya. It is located at the heart of the city and has a height of 200 m Graha Pena is a Skyscraper building in Surabaya. It is one of the highest tower and is located at the south part of Surabaya.
Plaza Tunjungan, Galaxy Mall, Surabaya Plaza, Supermal Pakuwon Indah, and Royal Plaza Surabaya are the famous shopping centres in Surabaya. Plaza Tunjungan or Tunjungan Plaza is a shopping mall located in Surabaya, Indonesia. Galaxy Mall is a shopping centre in Surabaya. It is one of the biggest shopping centres in Surabaya and Surabaya Plaza is a shopping centre in Surabaya. It is one of the important shopping centres in Surabaya and is also located at the heart of the city same like Supermal Pakuwon Indah is a shopping centre in Surabaya. It is one of the biggest shopping centres in the city and is located at the west part of Surabaya. Royal Plaza Surabaya is a shopping centre in Surabaya. It is one of the biggest shopping centres in Surabaya and is located at the south part of Surabaya
Surabaya is home to the Eastern Armada, one of two in the Indonesian Navy. The Indonesian Navy (Indonesian Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, TNI-AL) is the territorial force responsible for the patrol of Indonesia 's immense Its strong maritime heritage is also reflected with the Submarine Monument, a real retired Russian submarine, called Pasopati, that was converted into a museum ship in the city centre. For ships that are not original see Ship replica. For preserved incomplete ships see Ships preserved in museums.
Flooding is common in many areas of the city during the rainy season, mostly caused by clogged sewers and inept bureaucracy. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge The fact that Surabaya is located in a river delta and has a flat and relatively low elevation doesn't help the matter either. A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river
Surabaya is the location of the only synagogue in Indonesia, although it is currently inactive. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of [1][2]
Surabaya's zoo, opened in 1916, was the first in the world to have successfully bred orangutans in captivity. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The orangutans are two Species of great apes known for their intelligence long arms and reddish-brown hair
Other points of interest include:
- Grand Mosque of Surabaya, the largest mosque in East Java.
- Cheng Ho Mosque, the first mosque in Indonesia built with a Chinese style architecture
- Jales Veva Jaya Mahe Monument, a large, admiral-like statue which commemorates the Indonesian Navy. Zheng He ( Birth name 馬三寶 / 马三宝; Arabic / Persian name حجّي محمود شمس Hajji Mahmud Shams) (1371&ndash1433 was a Hui Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers The Armed Forces of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI, formerly Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, best known by
- Mpu Tantular Museum, has a large collection of ancient Javanese artifacts. In Archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological
- Monkasel, abbreviated from Monumen Kapal Selam (English: Submarine Monument), an old submarine placed as a tourism attraction inside which people can wander. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Right beside the monument there is a building where a short movie about the history of the submarine itself can be watched.
- Bonbin Surabaya is one of the famous zoos in Southeast Asia
- Heroic Monument is the main symbol and one of the attractive tourist destinations in Surabaya and Southeast Asia
Surabaya has 31 subdistricts. Bonbin Surabaya, also known as Kebun Binatang Surabaya or Bonbin is a botanic zoo located in Surabaya. A Subdistrict ( kecamatan) is a subdivision of a regency ( kabupaten) or city ( kota) in Indonesia. They are: Genteng, Bubutan, Tegalsari, Simokerto, Tambaksari, Gubeng, Krembangan, Semampir, Pabean Cantikan, Wonokromo, Sawahan, Tandes, Karang Pilang, Wonocolo, Rungkut, Sukolilo, Kenjeran, Benowo, Lakarsantri, Mulyorejo, Tenggilis Mejoyo, Gunung Anyar, Jambangan, Gayungan, Wiyung, Dukuh Pakis, Asem Rowo, Sukomanunggal, Bulak, Pakal and Sambikerep. [3]
Surabays consists of 163 villages. The village (desa is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia. [4]
Transport
The city is served by Juanda International Airport. Juanda International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda, is an Airport located in Sidoarjo, a small town near Surabaya, East Java For trains, the city has several stations. They are Semut, Pasar Turi, and Gubeng. The city terminal is Bungurasih.
Surabaya is also a transit city between Jakarta and Bali if using the ground transportations. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to Many tourists go through the city of Surabaya to sight seeing before they come back to Jakarta or continue their journey to Bali. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to Another bus routes are between Jakarta and Madura island which is nearest to Surabaya. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java.
Tanjung Perak is the main port of the city and is one of the busiest ports in the country. Nowadays, it is also one of the top ten busiest cargo harbors in Southeast Asia. Although the operational of the port is nearly traditional, it is also used to carry modern cargo ships worldwide. The other port of the city is located in Gresik, the city which is located not far from Surabaya. Gresik is the capital of the sub-region of Gerbangkartasusilo, East Java, Indonesia. It is not more than an hour drive from Surabaya city centre to Gresik via highway. Gresik is the capital of the sub-region of Gerbangkartasusilo, East Java, Indonesia. In the future, Gresik will be the location for the new harbor and Tanjung Perak will be demolished and will be a recreation area for Surabaya. Gresik is the capital of the sub-region of Gerbangkartasusilo, East Java, Indonesia.
Juanda International Airport is the second busiest airport in Indonesia in terms of transit passengers. Juanda International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Juanda, is an Airport located in Sidoarjo, a small town near Surabaya, East Java The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Many passengers transit through the airport. It is famous as a transit airport between West and East Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. And it is also the focused airport of many airlines. In the future, the international airport activities will be removed to the new airport somewhere at Lamongan which will be operated internationally. Lamongan is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia, with a width of 1182 But the domestic airport activities will remain at the old airport.
Economy
The city is one of the busiest ports in the country. Its principal exports include sugar, tobacco and coffee. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom It has a large shipyard, and numerous specialized naval schools. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military As the province capital, Surabaya is also home for many offices and business centres.
Demographics
Surabaya is the second most populous city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. The city is highly urbanized, due to the many industries located in the city, resulting in many slum areas. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing As the main education center, Surabaya has been the home for many students from around Indonesia, thus they have created their own community. Also, Surabaya is the commercial center for the eastern Indonesian region, hence many outsiders live in Surabaya.
Ethnicity
Most of its population are of Javanese descent. The Javanese are an Ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. Madurese is largest minority, from nearby Madura Island and eastern part of East Java. The Madurese are an Ethnic group originally from the island of Madura but now found in many parts of Indonesia, where they are the third-largest ethnic Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. Notable minorities include Chinese Indonesians, Arab Indonesians and people originating from nearby islands. Chinese Indonesians ( Hakka: Thong ngin Min: Teng lang Indonesian: Tionghoa Indonesia, or (derisively Cina totok) are ethnically
Language
Most citizens speak a unique dialect of Javanese called Suroboyoan. Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. This dialect is noted for equality and directness in speech. The usage of register is less strict than the Central Javan dialect. Central Java ( Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. The Surabaya dialect is actively promoted in local media, such as in local TV shows, radio and traditional dramas called Ludruk. The Madurese language influences the Surabayan dialect of Javanese spoken in the streets. Madurese is the spoken language of the Madurese people from Madura Island, Indonesia; it is also spoken on Kangean Islands, Sapudi
Religion
Islam and Christianity are the main religions in Surabaya. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Other religions include Hinduism, Konghucu, Buddhism, and ancient religions of jawa (Kejawen). Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Established in 1955 The Supreme Council for Kongzi Religion in Indonesia ( Majelis Tinggi Agama Konghucu Indonesia or MATAKIN is a religious organization to promote the development Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Javanese beliefs ( Kebatinan or Kejawen) have principles embodying a "search for inner self" but at the core is the concept of Peace Of Mind
Sports
Surabaya has a soccer team, Persebaya Surabaya. Persebaya Surabaya ( Persatuan Sepakbola Surabaya) is an Indonesian Soccer team located in Surabaya, East Java. And the team home base is Gelora 10 November Stadium. Gelora 10 November Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Surabaya, Indonesia. Recently, the government planned to build a new stadium for the team. And it will be done on early 2009. The new stadium name will be Gelora Bung Tomo (GBT). It will be the second biggest stadium in Indonesia, after Gelora Bung Karno. Gelora Bung Karno Stadium (formerly known as Gelora Senayan or Istora) is a multi-use Stadium in Central Jakarta, Indonesia,
Education
Surabaya has several major universities and other institutions with religious or technical specialties. One of them is Airlangga University (Unair), the oldest and largest public university in eastern Java, with eleven departments in a variety of fields, including an especially well-regarded medical school and psychology department
The Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember is one of the country's most selective technology institutions, and is well-known for its robotics, mechanical engineering, and marine engineering programs. University of Airlangga is one of the oldest state universities in Indonesia. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember or ITS is a public university in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, focused in the higher education of
As one of the Indonesian military's major naval ports, Surabaya is the site of the national Naval Military Academy. The Armed Forces of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI, formerly Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, best known by
Sister relationships
Surabaya has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
- Seattle, U.S., since 1992
- Beijing, China, since 2006
- Kochi, Japan
- Mashhad, Iran
- Busan, South Korea
- Sydney, Australia since 1986
- Guangzhou, China, since 2005
References
- ^ The Synagogue of Surabaya, Indonesia
- ^ The Jews of Surabaya, by Jessica Champagne and Teuku Cut Mahmud Aziz. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National is the capital city of Kōchi Prefecture on Shikoku island of Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Mashhad ( literally the place of martyrdom) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
- ^ Surabaya City Regulation No. 5 2006
- ^ Surabaya City Regulation No. 5 2006
External links
- Official website
- Surabaya travel guide from Wikitravel
- Satellite picture by Google Maps
- Surabaya Tourism Website
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