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A map of the nearest (to Virgo) Superclusters
A map of the nearest (to Virgo) Superclusters
See Supercluster (genetic) for use of the word in genetics. The Virgo Supercluster or Local Supercluster is the galactic Supercluster that contains the Local Group, the latter containing in its turn Most usage of supercluster in Population genetics research articles applies to proposed large groups of human MtDNA Haplotype Lineages found Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is

Superclusters are large groupings of smaller galaxy groups and clusters, and are among the largest structures of the cosmos. Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest Gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation In Physical cosmology, the term large-scale structure refers to the characterization of observable distributions of Matter and Light In its most general sense a cosmos is an orderly or harmonious system The existence of superclusters indicates that the galaxies in our Universe are not uniformly distributed; most of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to 50 galaxies and clusters up to several thousand. A galaxy is a massive gravitationally bound system consisting of Stars an Interstellar medium of gas and dust, and Dark matter The Universe is defined as everything that Physically Exists: the entirety of Space and Time, all forms of Matter, Energy Those groups and clusters and additional isolated galaxies in turn form even larger structures called superclusters.

Once thought to be the largest structures in nature, superclusters are now understood to be subordinate to enormous walls or sheets, sometimes called "super cluster complexes", that can span a billion light-years in length, more than 5% of the observable universe. A light-year or light year (symbol ly) is a unit of Length, equal to just under ten trillion Kilometres As defined by In Big Bang Cosmology, the observable universe is the region of space bounded by a Sphere, centered on the observer that is small enough that Super clusters themselves can span several hundred million light-years. The typical speed of a galaxy is about 1000 km/s. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Hubble's law implies that typical galaxies would only move about 30 million light-years at that speed in a Hubble time of 1/H, which is approximately the age of the universe. Hubble's law is the statement in Physical cosmology that the Redshift in light coming from distant galaxies is proportional to their distance While this is a huge distance in human terms, it is much smaller than the size of super clusters. In an expanding universe, saying that the distance d an object has moved equals its present velocity v times the elapsed time t underestimates d when t is not small compared to 1/H. The calculation above still gives some idea of how long it would take the normal movements of galaxies to form or obliterate these structures, and thus indicates their great age. When we observe super clusters and larger structures today, we learn about the condition of the universe when these super clusters were created. The directions of the rotational axes of galaxies within super clusters also gives us insight into the formation process of galaxies early in the history of the Universe. [1]

No clusters of super clusters (“hyperclusters”) are known, and the existence of structures larger than superclusters is debated (see Galaxy filament). In Physical cosmology, filaments are the largest known structures in the Universe, thread-like structures with a typical length of 50 to 80 ''h''-1 Interspersed among super clusters are large voids of space in which few galaxies exist. Even though superclusters are the largest structures confirmed, the total number of superclusters leaves possibilities for structural distribution; the total number of super clusters in the universe is believed to be close to 10 million.

Super clusters are frequently subdivided into groups of clusters called galaxy clouds. A galaxy cloud is a group of galaxy clusters and a substructure of a Supercluster.

Nearby superclusters

Distant Superclusters

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Hu, F. The Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, or the Hydra and Centaurus superclusters, is a Supercluster in two parts and the closest Neighbour of The Perseus-Pisces Supercluster is one of the largest known structures in the Universe. The Pavo-Indus Supercluster is a neighboring supercluster to the Local Supercluster containing Local Group, a group of galaxies that contains our home galaxy The Coma Supercluster is a nearby Supercluster of Galaxies comprising the Coma Cluster (Abell 1656 and the Leo Cluster (Abell 1367 The Shapley Supercluster ( Shapley Concentration) is the largest concentration of Galaxies in our nearby Universe that forms a gravitationally interacting unit thereby The Sloan Great Wall is a giant wall of Galaxies which may be the largest known structure in the Universe. The Horologium Supercluster (also known as Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster) is a massive Supercluster, about 550 million light-years across and has a In Physical cosmology, the term large-scale structure refers to the characterization of observable distributions of Matter and Light Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest Gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation In Physical cosmology, filaments are the largest known structures in the Universe, thread-like structures with a typical length of 50 to 80 ''h''-1 A galaxy cloud is a group of galaxy clusters and a substructure of a Supercluster. A galaxy is a massive gravitationally bound system consisting of Stars an Interstellar medium of gas and dust, and Dark matter X. ; Wu, G. X. ; Song, G. X. ; Yuan, Q. R. ; Okamura, S. (2006). "Orientation of Galaxies in the Local Supercluster: A Review". Astrophysics and Space Science 302 (1-4): 43–59. doi:10.1007/s10509-005-9006-7. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
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