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See also: Sungkyunkwan University
Sungkyunkwan
The plaza of the Seonggyungwan.
The plaza of the Seonggyungwan. Sungkyunkwan University is a private university in Seoul ( and Suwon, South Korea.
Korean name
Hangul 성균관
Hanja 成均館
Revised Romanization Seong-gyun-gwan
McCune-Reischauer Sŏng-gyun-gwan

Sungkyunkwan, also called Taehak (태학, 太學), was the foremost education institution in Korea during the late Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon.

Contents

History

Gukjagam, the highest education system during the Goryeo Dynasty established in November of 992 by King Seongjong. The Gukjagam, known at times as Gukhak or Seonggyungwan, was the highest educational institution of the Korean Goryeo dynasty The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. Seongjong of Goryeo (960&ndash997 r 981&ndash997 was the sixth emperor of the medieval Korean kingdom Goryeo. Gukjagam was renamed Sungkyunkwan in June of 1304, and then relocated to the old site of Sungmoon-Gwan in 1367 during the reign of King Gongmin near the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. The Gukjagam, known at times as Gukhak or Seonggyungwan, was the highest educational institution of the Korean Goryeo dynasty King Gongmin (1330 &ndash 1374 ruled Goryeo ( Korea) from 1351 until 1374

After the founding of the Joseon Dynasty in 1392, King Taejo relocated Sungkyunkwan to Hanseong, current Seoul, and also founded 360 Hyanggyos nationwide in July of 1398, establishing a national education system. Taejo of Joseon ( October 11, 1335 &ndash May 24, 1408; r 1392-1398 born Yi Seong-gye, whose changed name is Yi Dan, was The History of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC Counting from now it has a history of over 2000 years Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. The Hyanggyo were government-run provincial schools in medieval Korea

Sungkyunkwan was destroyed by fire in 1400 and rebuilt in 1407. Sungkyunkwan was rebuilt again in 1601 after it was destroyed during the Japanese invasions. Two Japanese invasions of Korea and subsequent battles on the Korean peninsula took place during the years 1592-1598

During the Japanese occupation between 1910 - 1945, royal Sungkyunkwan was demoted to private institution and renamed to Gyunghakwon, and Korean education was prohibited and Japanese education was forced nationwide. Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire.

After Korea gained independence in 1945, Gyunghakwon was renamed to Sungkyunkwan and with the funding from Yurim (confucians) nationwide, Sungkyunkwan University was established. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Sungkyunkwan University is a private university in Seoul ( and Suwon, South Korea.

Buildings and Administration

The institution's administrator had a government rank of sam-pum (삼품), with lower ranking officials of Jwaeju (좨주), Akjeong (악정), Jik-gang (직강), Bak-sa (박사), Hakjeong (학정), Haknok (학록), Hak-yu (학유) as supporting staff.

Education

Sungkyunkwan's teachings were mainly Confucian-related, and was largely aimed at preparing students for government services. Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B The main goal was for the students to pass the civil service examinations, also known as Gwageo, which assessed the ability to interpret the Chinese classics in terms of official Neo-Confucian ideology. The gwageo (or kwago) were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea

The set number of students were 150 when Sungkyunkwan was founded, and raised to 200 in 1429.

Entrance examinations for Sungkyunkwan was extremely harsh, and was only allowed for the sons of high-ranking officials or yang-bans.

There were two ways to be accepted into Sungkyunkwan. Either the students had to pass the two admission exams, Saengwon-si (생원시) and Jinsa-si (진사시), or take the other two examinations, Seungbo (승보) and Eumseo (음서). If they passed these examinations, they were given the opportunity to be accepted.

Once accepted, the students had to complete the curriculum and also fulfill the minimal attendance score of 300 Wonjeom (원점) to qualify for the first test of the civil service exams.

Notable alumni

See also

External links

Jeong Inji ( 1396 - 1478) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar and government minister Yi Hwang ( 1501 - 1570) is one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his younger Yi I ( December 26, 1536 -1584 was one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his Yu Seongryong (1542-1607 also often spelled Yu Songnyong, was a scholar-official of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea Education in the Joseon Dynasty of Korea was largely aimed at preparing students for government service In its widest sense the history of Education is the history of Teaching and of Learning, and the history of what might be described as the Curricula The Gukhak, or National Confucian Academy, was the sole recorded institution of higher learning in the Silla period of medieval Korean history. The Gukjagam, known at times as Gukhak or Seonggyungwan, was the highest educational institution of the Korean Goryeo dynasty
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