Sunbirds and Spiderhunters
Purple-rumped Sunbird
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Suborder: Passeri Family: Nectariniidae Vigors, 1825
Genera
15

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. The Purple-rumped Sunbird, Leptocoma zeylonica (formerly placed in the Genus Nectarinia) is a Sunbird. Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. SongBird is a Dutch Record label owned by Tijs Verwest and Arny Bink Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785 &ndash October 26, 1840) was an Irish Zoologist and Politician. The spiderhunters are birds of the Genus Arachnothera, part of the Sunbird family Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Nectar is a Sugar -rich liquid produced by plants It is produced either by the Flowers in which it attracts pollinating animals or by extrafloral Flight is fast and direct on their short wings.

The sunbirds find counterparts in two very distantly related groups: the hummingbirds of the Americas and the honeyeaters of Australia. Hummingbirds are Birds in the family Trochilidae, and are endemic to the Americas. The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea, The resemblances are due to convergent evolution due to the similar nectar-feeding lifestyle. Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages Most sunbird species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed.

The sunbirds are tropical species, with representatives from Africa to Australasia; the greatest variety of species is in Africa, where the group probably arose. Australasia is a Region of Oceania: New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea, and neighbouring Islands in the Pacific Most species are sedentary or short-distance seasonal migrants. Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of Birds Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability

Like the hummingbirds, they are strongly sexually dimorphic, with the males usually brilliantly plumaged in metallic colours. Sunbirds have long thin down-curved bills and brush-tipped tubular tongues, both adaptations to their nectar feeding. Up to three eggs are laid in a purse-shaped suspended nest.

Contents 1 Systematics 2 Gallery 3 External links

Systematics

FAMILY NECTARINIIDAE

• Genus Chalcoparia (sometimes included in Anthreptes)
  • Ruby-cheeked Sunbird, Chalcoparia singalensis

• Genus Deleornis (sometimes included in Anthreptes)
  • Scarlet-tufted Sunbird, Deleornis fraseri
  • Grey-headed Sunbird, Deleornis axillaris - sometimes included in D. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic UserPolbot. -->The Ruby-cheeked Sunbird ( Anthreptes singalensis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae Deleornis is a genus of African Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Anthreptes. UserPolbot. -->The Scarlet-tufted Sunbird ( Anthreptes fraseri) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Grey-headed Sunbird, Anthreptes axillaris, is a small Passerine Bird which breeds in mixed forest in Zaire, Uganda and Tanzania fraseri

• Genus Anthreptes (c. Anthreptes is a Genus of Birds in the sunbird family, Nectariniidae. 12 species)
  • Green Sunbird, Anthreptes rectirostris
  • Banded Sunbird, Anthreptes rubritorques

• Genus Hedydipna (sometimes included in Anthreptes)
  • Collared Sunbird, Hedydipna collaris
  • Pygmy Sunbird, Hedydipna platura
  • Nile Valley Sunbird, Hedydipna metallica
  • Amani Sunbird, Hedydipna pallidigaster

• Genus Hypogramma
  • Purple-naped Sunbird, Hypogramma hypogrammicum

• Genus Anabathmis (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Reichenbach's Sunbird, Anabathmis reichenbachii
  • Principe Sunbird, Anabathmis hartlaubii
  • Newton's Sunbird, Anabathmis newtonii

• Genus Dreptes (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Sao Tome Sunbird, Dreptes thomensis

• Genus Anthobaphes - Orange-breasted Sunbird (sometimes included in Nectarinia)

• Genus Cyanomitra (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Green-headed Sunbird, Cyanomitra verticalis
  • Blue-throated Brown Sunbird, Cyanomitra cyanolaema
  • Blue-headed Sunbird, Cyanomitra alinae
  • Cameroon Sunbird, Cyanomitra oritis
  • Bannerman's Sunbird, Cyanomitra bannermani
  • Eastern Olive Sunbird, Cyanomitra olivacea
  • Western Olive Sunbird, Cyanomitra obscura
  • Mouse-coloured Sunbird, Cyanomitra veroxii

• Genus Chalcomitra (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Buff-throated Sunbird, Chalcomitra adelberti
  • Carmelite Sunbird, Chalcomitra fuliginosa
  • Green-throated Sunbird, Chalcomitra rubescens
  • Amethyst Sunbird, Chalcomitra amethystina
  • Scarlet-chested Sunbird, Chalcomitra senegalensis
  • Hunter's Sunbird, Chalcomitra hunteri
  • Socotra Sunbird, Chalcomitra balfouri

• Genus Leptocoma (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Purple-rumped Sunbird, Leptocoma zeylonica
  • Crimson-backed Sunbird, Leptocoma minima
  • Copper-throated Sunbird, Leptocoma calcostetha
  • Purple-throated Sunbird, Leptocoma sperata
  • Black Sunbird, Leptocoma sericea - formerly Nectarinia aspasia

• Genus Nectarinia (8 species in the strict sense)

• Genus Cinnyris (sometimes included in Nectarinia)
  • Olive-bellied Sunbird, Cinnyris chloropygius
  • Tiny Sunbird, Cinnyris minullus
  • Miombo Sunbird, Cinnyris manoensis
  • Southern Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris chalybeus
  • Neergaard's Sunbird, Cinnyris neergaardi
  • Stuhlmann's Sunbird, Cinnyris stuhlmanni - sometimes included in C. UserPolbot. -->The Green Sunbird ( Anthreptes rectirostris) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Banded Sunbird ( Anthreptes rubritorques) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae Hedydipna is a genus of African Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Anthreptes. The Collared Sunbird, Hedydipna collaris (formerly placed in the Genus Nectarinia) is a Sunbird. UserPolbot. -->The Pygmy Sunbird ( Anthreptes platurus) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Nile Valley Sunbird ( Anthreptes metallicus) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Amani Sunbird ( Anthreptes pallidigaster) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Purple-naped Sunbird ( Hypogramma hypogrammicum) is a species of Bird in the Anabathmis is a genus of African Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia. UserPolbot. -->The Reichenbach's Sunbird ( Nectarinia reichenbachii) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Príncipe Sunbird ( Nectarinia hartlaubii) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Newton's Sunbird ( Nectarinia newtonii) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Giant Sunbird ( Nectarinia thomensis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Orange-breasted Sunbird, Anthobaphes violacea, is a small bird the only member of the genus Anthobaphes although it is sometimes placed in the Genus Cyanomitra is a genus of African Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia The sunbirds are a group of very UserPolbot. -->The Green-headed Sunbird ( Nectarinia verticalis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Blue-throated Brown Sunbird ( Nectarinia cyanolaema) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Blue-headed Sunbird ( Nectarinia alinae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Cameroon Sunbird ( Nectarinia oritis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Bannerman's Sunbird ( Nectarinia bannermani) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Olive Sunbird ( Nectarinia olivacea) is a species of Sunbird found in a large part UserPolbot. -->The Olive Sunbird ( Nectarinia olivacea) is a species of Sunbird found in a large part UserPolbot. -->The Mouse-coloured Sunbird ( Nectarinia veroxii) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae Chalcomitra is a genus of African Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia The sunbirds are a group of very small UserPolbot. -->The Buff-throated Sunbird ( Nectarinia adelberti) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Carmelite Sunbird ( Nectarinia fuliginosa) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Green-throated Sunbird ( Nectarinia rubescens) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Amethyst Sunbird ( Nectarinia amethystina) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. --> The Scarlet-chested Sunbird ( Nectarinia senegalensis) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Hunter's Sunbird ( Nectarinia hunteri) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Socotra Sunbird ( Nectarinia balfouri) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae Leptocoma is a genus of Sunbirds found from tropical South Asia to Papua New Guinea. The Purple-rumped Sunbird, Leptocoma zeylonica (formerly placed in the Genus Nectarinia) is a Sunbird. The Crimson-backed Sunbird, Leptocoma minima (formerly Nectarinia minima) is a Sunbird. UserPolbot. -->The Copper-throated Sunbird ( Nectarinia calcostetha or Leptocoma calcostetha UserPolbot. -->The Purple-throated Sunbird ( Nectarinia sperata or Leptocoma sperata) is a UserPolbot. -->The Black Sunbird ( Nectarinia aspasia) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae Nectarinia is a Genus of Bird in the sunbird family, Nectariniidae. Cinnyris is a genus of Sunbirds Its members are sometimes included in Nectarinia The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World UserPolbot. -->The Olive-bellied Sunbird ( Nectarinia chloropygia) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Tiny Sunbird ( Nectarinia minulla) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Miombo Double-collared Sunbird ( Nectarinia manoensis) is a species of Bird in the The Southern Double-collared Sunbird or Lesser Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris chalybeus (formerly placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a small UserPolbot. -->The Neergaard's Sunbird ( Nectarinia neergardi) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Greater Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris afer (formerly placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a small Passerine Bird which breeds in southern afer
  • Prigogine's Sunbird, Cinnyris prigoginei - sometimes included in C. The Greater Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris afer (formerly placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a small Passerine Bird which breeds in southern afer
  • Montane Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris ludovicensis - sometimes included in C. The Montane Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris ludovicensis (sometimes placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a small Passerine Bird which breeds afer
  • Northern Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris preussi
  • Greater Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris afer
  • Regal Sunbird, Cinnyris regius
  • Rockefeller's Sunbird, Cinnyris rockefelleri
  • Eastern Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris mediocris
  • Moreau's Sunbird, Cinnyris moreaui
  • Beautiful Sunbird, Cinnyris pulchellus
  • Loveridge's Sunbird, Cinnyris loveridgei
  • Mariqua Sunbird, Cinnyris mariquensis
  • Shelley's Sunbird, Cinnyris shelleyi
  • Congo Sunbird, Cinnyris congensis
  • Red-chested Sunbird, Cinnyris erythrocerca
  • Black-bellied Sunbird, Cinnyris nectarinioides
  • Purple-banded Sunbird, Cinnyris bifasciatus
  • Tsavo Sunbird, Cinnyris tsavoensis - sometimes included in C. UserPolbot. -->The Northern Double-collared Sunbird ( Nectarinia preussi) is a species of Bird in the The Greater Double-collared Sunbird, Cinnyris afer (formerly placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a small Passerine Bird which breeds in southern UserPolbot. -->The Regal Sunbird ( Nectarinia regia) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Rockefeller's Sunbird ( Nectarinia rockefelleri) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Eastern Double-collared Sunbird ( Nectarinia mediocris) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Moreau's Sunbird ( Nectarinia moreaui) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Beautiful Sunbird, Cinnyris pulchella (formerly placed in the Genus Nectarinia) is a Sunbird. UserPolbot. -->The Loveridge's Sunbird ( Nectarinia loveridgei) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Mariqua Sunbird ( Nectarinia mariquensis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Shelley's Sunbird ( Nectarinia shelleyi) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Congo Sunbird ( Nectarinia congensis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Red-chested Sunbird ( Nectarinia erythrocerca) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Black-bellied Sunbird ( Nectarinia nectarinioides) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Purple-banded Sunbird ( Nectarinia bifasciata or Cinnyris bifasciatus) The Tsavo Sunbird, Nectarinia (or Cinnyris) tsavoensis is a small Passerine Bird of Kenya and Tanzania bifasciatus
  • Violet-breasted Sunbird, Cinnyris chalcomelas
  • Pemba Sunbird, Cinnyris pembae
  • Orange-tufted Sunbird, Cinnyris bouvieri
  • Palestine Sunbird, Cinnyris oseus
  • Shining Sunbird, Cinnyris habessinicus
  • Splendid Sunbird, Cinnyris coccinigaster
  • Johanna's Sunbird, Cinnyris johannae
  • Superb Sunbird, Cinnyris superbus
  • Rufous-winged Sunbird, Cinnyris rufipennis
  • Oustalet's Sunbird, Cinnyris oustaleti
  • White-breasted Sunbird, Cinnyris talatala
  • Variable Sunbird, Cinnyris venustus
  • Dusky Sunbird, Cinnyris fuscus
  • Ursula's Sunbird, Cinnyris ursulae
  • Bates' Sunbird, Cinnyris batesi
  • Copper Sunbird, Cinnyris cupreus
  • Purple Sunbird, Cinnyris asiaticus
  • Olive-backed Sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis
  • Apricot-breasted Sunbird, Cinnyris buettikoferi
  • Flame-breasted Sunbird, Cinnyris solaris
  • Souimanga Sunbird, Cinnyris sovimanga
  • Seychelles Sunbird, Cinnyris dussumieri
  • Madagascar Sunbird, Cinnyris notatus
  • Humblot's Sunbird, Cinnyris humbloti
  • Anjouan Sunbird, Cinnyris comorensis
  • Mayotte Sunbird, Cinnyris coquerellii
  • Long-billed Sunbird, Cinnyris lotenius

• Genus Aethopyga
  • Gray-hooded Sunbird, Aethopyga primigenia
  • Mount Apo Sunbird, Aethopyga boltoni
  • Lina's Sunbird, Aethopyga linaraborae
  • Flaming Sunbird, Aethopyga flagrans
  • Metallic-winged Sunbird, Aethopyga pulcherrima
  • Elegant Sunbird, Aethopyga duyvenbodei
  • Lovely Sunbird, Aethopyga shelleyi
  • Handsome Sunbird, Aethopyga belli
  • Gould's Sunbird, Aethopyga gouldiae
  • White-flanked Sunbird, Aethopyga eximia
  • Green-tailed Sunbird, Aethopyga nipalensis
  • Fork-tailed Sunbird, Aethopyga christinae
  • Black-throated Sunbird, Aethopyga saturata
  • Western Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga vigorsii - sometimes included in A. UserPolbot. -->The Violet-breasted Sunbird ( Nectarinia chalcomelas) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Pemba Sunbird ( Nectarinia pembae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Orange-tufted Sunbird ( Nectarinia bouvieri) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Palestine Sunbird or Northern Orange-tufted Sunbird ( Cinnyris oseus) is a small Passerine Bird of the Sunbird family which UserPolbot. -->The Shining Sunbird ( Nectarinia habessinica) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Splendid Sunbird, Cinnyris coccinigaster (formerly placed in the genus Nectarinia) is a Sunbird. UserPolbot. -->The Johanna's Sunbird ( Nectarinia johannae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Superb Sunbird ( Nectarinia superba) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. --> The Rufous-winged Sunbird ( Nectarinia rufipennis) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Oustalet's Sunbird ( Nectarinia oustaleti) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The White-breasted Sunbird ( Nectarinia talatala) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Variable Sunbird, Cinnyris venustus (formerly Nectarinia venusta) is a Sunbird. UserPolbot. -->The Dusky Sunbird ( Nectarinia fusca) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Ursula's Sunbird ( Nectarinia ursulae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Bates's Sunbird ( Nectarinia batesi) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Copper Sunbird ( Nectarinia cuprea) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Purple Sunbird, Cinnyris asiaticus, is a Sunbird. The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World Passerine Birds which feed The Olive-backed Sunbird, Cinnyris jugularis, also known as Yellow-bellied Sunbird and formerly Nectarinia jugularis, is an Asian UserPolbot. -->The Apricot-breasted Sunbird ( Nectarinia buettikoferi) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Flame-breasted Sunbird ( Nectarinia solaris) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Souimanga Sunbird ( Cinnyris sovimanga) is a small Passerine Bird of the Sunbird family, Nectariniidae The Seychelles Sunbird ( Cinnyris dussumieri) is a small passerine from the family of Sunbirds It is named after the French explorer Jean-Jacques Dussumier UserPolbot. -->The Long-billed Green Sunbird ( Cinnyris notatus) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Humblot's Sunbird ( Nectarinia humbloti) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Anjouan Sunbird ( Nectarinia comorensis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Mayotte Sunbird ( Nectarinia coquerellii) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Loten's Sunbird or Long-billed Sunbird, Cinnyris lotenius (formerly placed in the Genus Nectarinia) is one of a group of very small UserPolbot. --> Aethopyga is a genus of Birds in the Nectariniidae family UserPolbot. --> The Grey-hooded Sunbird ( Aethopyga primigenia) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. --> The Lina's Sunbird ( Aethopyga linaraborae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Flaming Sunbird ( Aethopyga flagrans) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Metallic-winged Sunbird ( Aethopyga pulcherrima) is a species of Bird in the The Elegant Sunbird, Aethopyga duyvenbodei is a large up to 12cm long Australasian Sunbird in the genus Aethopyga. UserPolbot. -->The Lovely Sunbird ( Aethopyga shelleyi) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. --> The Handsome Sunbird ( Aethopyga bella) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Gould's Sunbird ( Aethopyga gouldiae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The White-flanked Sunbird ( Aethopyga eximia) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. --> The Green-tailed Sunbird ( Aethopyga nipalensis) is a species of Bird in the UserPolbot. -->The Fork-tailed Sunbird ( Aethopyga christinae) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae UserPolbot. -->The Black-throated Sunbird ( Aethopyga saturata) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga siparaja, is a Sunbird. The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World Passerine Birds which siparaja
  • Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga siparaja
  • Scarlet Sunbird, Aethopyga mystacalis
  • Temminck's Sunbird, Aethopyga temminckii - sometimes included in A. The Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga siparaja, is a Sunbird. The sunbirds are a group of very small Old World Passerine Birds which UserPolbot. -->The Scarlet Sunbird ( Aethopyga mystacalis) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The Temminck's Sunbird ( Aethopyga temminckii) is a species of Sunbird. mystacalis
  • Fire-tailed Sunbird, Aethopyga ignicauda

• Genus Arachnothera - spiderhunters (10-11 species)

Gallery

External links

• Sunbird videos on the Internet Bird Collection
• Picture of Superb Sunbird

UserPolbot. -->The Fire-tailed Sunbird ( Aethopyga ignicauda) is a species of Bird in the Nectariniidae The spiderhunters are birds of the Genus Arachnothera, part of the Sunbird family

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