Sun Yat-sen 孫文 孫中山 孫逸仙
President of the Republic of China Acting
In office 01 January 1912 – 01 April 1912
Vice President	Li Yuanhong
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Yuan Shikai
Born	12 November 1866(1866-11-12) Xiangshan, China
Died	12 March 1925 (aged 58) Beijing, China
Political party	Kuomintang
Spouse	Lu Muzhen (1885 – 1915) Soong Ching-ling (1915 – 1925)
Alma mater	Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese
Occupation	Physician Politician Revolutionary Writer
Religion	Congregationalist[1]

This article contains Chinese text. The President of the Republic of China ( is the Head of state of the Republic of China (ROC (commonly known as Taiwan since the 1970s New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Li Yuanhong ( Traditional Chinese: 黎元洪 Pinyin: Lí Yuánhóng courtesy Songqing 宋卿 1864 - June 3, 1928) was Yuan Shikai ( Courtesy Weiting 慰亭 Pseudonym: Rong'an 容庵 ( September 16, 1859 &ndash June 6, Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Zhongshan ( is a Prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Lú Mùzhēn ( (1867 - 1952 was the first wife of Chinese revolutionary leader and first President of the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen. Soong Ch'ing-ling ( (27 January 1893 &ndash 29 May 1981 also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters &mdashwho along with their husbands Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (Chinese 香港華人西醫書院 was the first college in Hong Kong to fully adopt and accept Western medical science A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A revolutionary when used as a noun is a person who either actively engages in some kind of Revolution, or advocates the revolution with recognition from some government or A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (

Sun Yat-sen (Traditional Chinese: 孫逸仙； Pinyin: Sūn Yìxiān) or Sun Zhongshan (Traditional Chinese: 孫中山; Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān) (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the Father of Modern China. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A revolutionary when used as a noun is a person who either actively engages in some kind of Revolution, or advocates the revolution with recognition from some government or A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae) also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin Honorific meaning " Father Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912 and later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) where he served as its first leader. The President of the Republic of China ( is the Head of state of the Republic of China (ROC (commonly known as Taiwan since the 1970s REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both Mainland China and in Taiwan. The period of Chinese history following the fall of the last Imperial Dynasty the Qing Dynasty. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Although Sun is considered one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return After the success of the revolution, he quickly fell out of power in the newly-founded Republic of China, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. The Warlord era is the period in the History of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s when the country was divided among military cliques, a division Sun did not live to see his party bring about consolidation of power over the country. The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Communists, split into two factions after his death. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Sun's chief legacy resides in his developing a political philosophy known as the Three Principles of the People (The People's Relation/Connection, The People's Power, and the People's Livelihood/Welfare, or sometimes known as nationalism, democracy, and socialism depending on the translation). Political philosophy is the study of questions about the City, Government, Politics, Liberty, Justice, Property, Rights The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy "Social welfare" redirects here For other uses see Welfare A social welfare provision refers to any program which seeks to provide The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution

Early years

Sun Yat-sen (back row, fifth from left) and his family.

Sun Yat-sen was born on November 12, 1866, to a peasant family in the village of Cuiheng, Xiangshan county , Guangzhou prefecture, Guangdong province (26 km or 16 miles north of Macau). Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Cuiheng ( Chinese: 翠亨村 Pinyin: Cuìhéngcūn is a village located inside the territory of the town of Nanlang (南郎鎮 depending from the Zhongshan ( is a Prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. When Sun Yat-sen died in 1925, the name of Xiangshan was changed to Zhongshan in his honor. When Sun Yat-sen was a child, he listened many stories about Taiping Rebellion from Taiping old soldier the Lai han-ing(賴漢英). The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China After receiving a few years of local school, at age thirteen, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei, in Honolulu. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Sun Mei, who was fifteen years Sun Yat-sen's senior, had emigrated to Hawaii as a laborer and had become a prosperous merchant. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Though Sun Mei was not always supportive of Sun's later revolutionary activities, he supported his brother financially, allowing Sun to give up his professional career. Sun Yat-sen studied at the prestigious Iolani School where he learned English, mathematics and science. Iolani redirects here For the palace see ʻIolani Palace. History Early years On December 16, 1861 Originally unable to speak the English language, Sun Yat-sen picked up the language so quickly that he received a prize for outstanding achievement in English from King David Kalakaua. Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836 He became a citizen of the United States and was issued an American passport. It is unclear whether or not he maintained his original citizenship as a subject of the Qing empire. After graduation from Iolani School in 1882,^[2] Sun enrolled in Oahu College (now Punahou School) for further studies for one semester. Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private Co-educational, Nonsectarian College preparatory school located in Honolulu Punahou School, once known as Oahu College, is a private Co-educational, Nonsectarian College preparatory school located in Honolulu ^[3]. He was soon sent home to China as his brother was becoming afraid that Sun Yat-sen was about to embrace Christianity. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings While at Iolani, he befriended Tong Phong, who later founded the First Chinese-American Bank.

His American experience was to be of lasting influence. Sun attached particular importance to the ideas of Alexander Hamilton and Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Sun often said that the formulation from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, “government of the people, by the people, for the people”, had been the inspiration for the Three Principles of the People. The Gettysburg Address is a speech by US President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy He incorporated these ideas, later in life, in two highly influential books. One, The Vital Problem of China (1917), analyzed some of the problems of colonialism: Sun warned that “…the British treat nations as the silkworm farmer treats his worms; as long as they produce silk, he cares for them well; when they stop, he feeds them to the fish. See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons ” The second book, International Development of China (1921), presented detailed proposals for the development of infrastructure in China, and attacked the ideology of laissez-faire, as well as that of Marxism adhering more to the ideas of Henry George's, particularly land value taxation. Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” Henry George ( September 2, 1839 &ndash October 29, 1897) was an American Political economist and the most influential proponent of His ideology remained flexible, however, reflecting his audience as much as his personal convictions. He presented himself as a strident nationalist to the nationalists, as a socialist to the socialists, and an anarchist to the anarchists, declaring at one point that “the goal of the Three Principles of the People is to create socialism and anarchism. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The origins of Chinese Anarchism are traceable to the early Chinese Nationalist movement The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i ” It is an open matter of debate whether this eclecticism reflected a sincere effort to incorporate ideas from the multiple competing schools of thought or was simply opportunistic posturing. In any case, his ideological flexibility allowed him to become a key figure in the Nationalist movement since he was one of very few people who had good relations with all of the movement's factions.

When he returned home in 1883, he became greatly troubled by what he saw as a backward China that demanded exorbitant taxes and levies from its people. The schools maintained their ancient methods, leaving no opportunity for expression of thought or opinion. Under the influence of Christian missionaries in Hawaii, Sun had developed a disdain for traditional Chinese religious beliefs. One day, Sun and his childhood friend Lu Hao-tung passed by Beijidian(北極殿), a temple in Cuiheng Village, where they saw many villagers worshipping the Beiji (literally North Pole) Emperor-God in the temple. Lu Hao-tung (陸皓東 Pinyin: Lù Hàodōng (1868-1895 born Lu Chung-gui (中桂 Zhōngguì Courtesy name Hsien-hsiang (獻香 Xiànxiāng was the first The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern They broke off the hand of the statue, incurring the wrath of fellow villagers, and escaped to Hong Kong. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders

Sun studied English at the Anglican Diocesan Home and Orphanage (currently Diocesan Boys' School) in Hong Kong. Diocesan Boys' School is a boys' school located at 131 Argyle Street, Mongkok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. In April 1884, Sun was transferred to the Central School of Hong Kong (later renamed Queen's College). Brief history The Central School was established in 1862 at Gough Street, Central Sun was later baptized in Hong Kong by an American missionary of the Congregational Church of the United States, to his brother's disdain. Sun pictured a revolution as similar to the salvation mission of the Christian church. A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively His conversion to Christianity was related to his revolutionary ideals and push for advancement^[4]. As a result, his baptismal name, Rixin (日新), literally means "daily renewal. "

Photograph of Sun Yat-sen and his friends, the so-called "Si Da Kou" (Four Great Gangs, 四大寇) in the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (from left to right: Yang Heling, Sun Yat-sen, Chen Shaobai and You Lie. Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae) also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin Honorific meaning " Father The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (Chinese 香港華人西醫書院 was the first college in Hong Kong to fully adopt and accept Western medical science The one standing was Guan Jingliang. ).

Sun studied medicine at the Guangzhou Boji Hospital under the medical missionary John G. Kerr. John Glasgow Kerr (1824 &ndash 1901 was a Presbyterian medical Missionary to China with the American Presbyterian Mission. Ultimately, he earned the license of medical practice as a medical doctor from the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (the forerunner of The University of Hong Kong) in 1892, of which he was one of the first two graduates. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health The Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (Chinese 香港華人西醫書院 was the first college in Hong Kong to fully adopt and accept Western medical science He subsequently practiced medicine in that city briefly in 1893. He had an arranged marriage with fellow villager Lu Muzhen at age twenty; she bore him a son Sun Fo, who would grow up to become a high ranking official in the Republican government, and two daughters, Sun Yan and Sun Wan. Arranged marriage (also called prearranged marriage) is a Marriage arranged by someone other than the persons getting married curtailing or avoiding the process Lú Mùzhēn ( (1867 - 1952 was the first wife of Chinese revolutionary leader and first President of the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen. Sun Fo or Sun Ke ( Chinese: 孫科 Pinyin: Sūn Kē October 21, 1891 &ndash September 13, 1973) was a high-ranking

During and after the Qing Dynasty rebellion, Sun was a leader within Tiandihui, a precursor to modern triad groups. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The Tiandihui ( Yale Cantonese: tin1 dei6 wui2 Vietnamese: Thiên Địa Hội literally "Heaven and Earth Society" is a Fraternal Triad ( also known as) is a term that describes many branches of Chinese underground society and/or organizations based in Hong Kong and Macau and also Tiandihui provided much of Sun's funding. His protégé, Chiang Kai Shek, was also a member of Tiandihui . Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash

Transformation into a revolutionary

Sun, who had grown increasingly troubled by the conservative Qing government and its refusal to adopt knowledge from the more technologically advanced Western nations, quit his medical practice in order to devote his time to transforming China. At first, Sun aligned himself with the reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who sought to transform China into a Western-style constitutional monarchy. > Kang Youwei Liang Qichao ( Chinese: 梁啟超 Liáng Qǐchāo; Courtesy: Zhuoru, 卓如 Pseudonym: Rengong, 任公 ( February In 1894, Sun wrote a long letter to Li Hongzhang, the governor-general of Zhili and a reformer in the court, with suggestions on how to strengthen China, but he was rebuffed. Li Hongzhang, Marquis Suyi of the First Class, GCVO, ( February 15, 1823 &ndash November 7, 1901) was a Chinese ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Since Sun had never been trained in the classics, the gentry did not accept Sun into their circles. From then on, Sun began to call for the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

Sun went to Hawaii in October 1894 and founded the Revive China Society to unveil the goal of a prospering China and as the platform for future revolutionary activities. The Xingzhonghui ( translated as the Revive China Society or the Society for Regenerating China, was founded by Dr Members were drawn mainly from fellow Cantonese expatriates and from the lower social classes.

From exile to Wuchang Uprising

Plaque in London marking the site of a house where Sun Yat-sen lived while in exile

In 1895 a coup he plotted failed, and for the next sixteen years Sun was an exile in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan, raising money for his revolutionary party and bankrolling uprisings in China. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. In Japan, where he was known as Nakayama Shō (Kanji: 中山樵, lit. are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with Hiragana (ひらがな 平仮名 Katakana The Woodcutter of Middle Mountain), he joined dissident Chinese groups (which later became the Tongmenghui) and soon became their leader. A dissident, broadly defined is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine policy or institution The Tongmenghui (中國同盟會 Pinyin: Tóngménghuì Wade-Giles: T'ung-meng Hui lit He spent, on and off, about ten years in Japan while befriending and being financially aided by a democratic revolutionary in Japan, Miyazaki Toten (1871-1922). Nanjing Historical Remains Museum of Chinese Modern History exhibits a bronze statue of Sun and Miyazaki placed alongside. Miyazaki wrote a series of articles for newspapers including nationally-circulated Asahi about Sun and his revolutionary efforts under the title "33-year dream". His last name Nakayama came from the imperial family which occupied Sun's favorite estate mansion located in central Tokyo. He eventually left Japan due to fears of the excessively large level of support he had there and went to the States. In Japan, He met and befriended Mariano Ponce, then a diplomat of the First Philippine Republic. -- 1211545 ( talk) 0321 11 October 2008 (UTC Mariano Ponce ( March 23, 1863 - May 23, 1918) was a Filipino República Filipina ( English: Philippine Republic Tagalog: Unang Republika ng Pilipinas) also known as the First Philippine Sun also supported the cause for Philippine Independence and even supplied the Philippine army with guns. On October 10, 1911, a military uprising at Wuchang in which Sun had no direct involvement (at that moment Sun was still in exile and Huang Xing was in charge of the revolution), began a process that ended over two thousand years of imperial rule in China. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Wuchang Uprising of October 10 1911 started the Xinhai Revolution, which led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment Huang Xing or Huang Hsing ( October 25, 1874 – October 31, 1916) Chinese Revolutionary leader Militarist When he learned of the successful rebellion against the Qing emperor from press reports, Sun immediately returned to China from the United States. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Later, on December 29, 1911 a meeting of representatives from provinces in Nanking elected Sun as the provisional President of the Republic of China and set January 1, 1912 as the first day of the First Year of the Republic. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles The President of the Republic of China ( is the Head of state of the Republic of China (ROC (commonly known as Taiwan since the 1970s New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting In the fields of Chronology and Periodization, an epoch means an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular Era. This republic calendar system is still used in Taiwan today. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

The official history of the Kuomintang (and for that matter, the Communist Party of China) emphasizes Sun's role as the first provisional President, but many historians now question the importance of Sun's role in the 1911 revolution and point out that he had no direct role in the Wuchang uprising and was in fact out of the country at the time. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the In this interpretation, his naming as the first provisional President was precisely because he was a respected but rather unimportant figure and therefore served as an ideal compromise candidate between the revolutionaries and the conservative gentry. Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past

However, Sun is credited for the funding of the revolutions and for keeping the spirit of revolution alive, even after a series of failed uprisings. Also, as mentioned, he successfully merged minor revolutionary groups to a single larger party, providing a better base for all those who shared the same ideals.

Sun is highly regarded as the National Father of modern China. His political philosophy, known as the Three Principles of the People, was proclaimed in August 1905. The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy In his Methods and Strategies of Establishing the Country completed in 1919, he suggested using his Principles to establish ultimate peace, freedom, and equality in the country. Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression Social equality is a social state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in a certain respect He devoted all efforts throughout his whole lifetime until his death for a strong and prosperous China and the well being of its people.

Republic of China

Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou, 1924

After taking the oath of office, Sun Yat-sen sent telegrams to the leaders of all provinces, requesting them to elect and send new senators to establish the National Assembly of the Republic of China. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. The National Assembly of the Republic of China ( refers to several Parliamentary bodies that existed in the History of the Republic of China. The Assembly then declared the provisional government organizational guidelines and the provisional law of the Republic as the basic law of the nation.

The provisional government was in a very weak position. The southern provinces of China had declared independence from the Qing dynasty, but most of the northern provinces had not. Moreover, the provisional government did not have military forces of its own, and its control over elements of the New Army that had mutinied was limited, and there were still significant forces which had not declared against the Qing. The New Armies ( Traditional Chinese: 新軍 Simplified Chinese: 新军 Pinyin: Xīnjūn Manchu: Ice cooha) were the modernized

The major issue before the provisional government was gaining the support of Yuan Shikai, the man in charge of the Beiyang Army, the military of northern China. Yuan Shikai ( Courtesy Weiting 慰亭 Pseudonym: Rong'an 容庵 ( September 16, 1859 &ndash June 6, The Beiyang Army ( meaning "North Western Army" was a powerful Western-style Chinese military force created by the Qing Dynasty government After Sun promised Yuan the presidency of the new Republic, Yuan sided with the revolution and forced the emperor to abdicate. Puyi ( ( February 7, 1906 &ndash October 17, 1967) of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro ruling family was the last Emperor (Eventually, Yuan proclaimed himself emperor and afterwards opposition snowballed against Yuan's dictatorial methods, leading him to renounce the throne shortly before his death in 1916. ) In 1913 Sun led an unsuccessful revolt against Yuan, and he was forced to seek asylum in Japan, where he reorganized the Kuomintang. He married Soong Ching-ling, one of the Soong sisters, in Japan on October 25, 1915, without divorcing his first wife Lu Muzhen due to opposition from the Chinese community. Soong Ch'ing-ling ( (27 January 1893 &ndash 29 May 1981 also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters &mdashwho along with their husbands The Soong Sisters (宋家姐妹 Pinyin: Sòngjiā Jiěmèi or 宋氏三姐妹 were three women who were along with their husbands amongst China 's most significant Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Lu pleaded with him to take Soong as a concubine but this was also unacceptable to Sun's Christian ethics. Ethics is a branch of Philosophy dealing with right and wrong in human behavior

Guangzhou militarist government

In the late 1910s, China was greatly divided by different military leaders without a proper central government. Sun saw the danger of this, and returned to China in 1917 to advocate unification. He started a self-proclaimed military government in Guangzhou (Canton), Guangdong Province, southern China, in 1921, and was elected as president and generalissimo. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral.

In a February 1923 speech presented to the Students' Union in Hong Kong University, he declared that it was the corruption of China and the peace, order and good government of Hong Kong that turned him into a revolutionary. A students' union, student government, student senate, students' association, or guild of students is a Student Organization ^[5][6] This same year, he delivered a speech in which he proclaimed his Three Principles of the People as the foundation of the country and the Five-Yuan Constitution as the guideline for the political system and bureaucracy. The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy The Constitution of the Republic of China ( Tongyong Pinyin: JhongHuá MínGuó SiànFǎ is the basic governing document for the Republic of China (ROC with jurisdiction Part of the speech was made into the National Anthem of the Republic of China. " National Anthem of the Republic of China " is the current National anthem of the Republic of China (ROC

To develop the military power needed for the Northern Expedition against the militarists at Beijing, he established the Whampoa Military Academy near Guangzhou, with Chiang Kai-shek as its commandant and with such party leaders as Wang Ching-wei and Hu Han-min as political instructors. The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. The Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy ( commonly known as the Whampoa Military Academy ( was a Military academy in the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash Commandant (pronounced /'cɒmʊndɑnt/ or /'cɒmʊndænt/ COM-un-dahnt, -dant is a military or police title or rank Wang Jingwei ( Traditional Chinese: 汪精衛 Simplified Chinese: 汪精卫 Pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei ( Hu Hanmin ( Traditional:胡漢民 Simplified: 胡汉民 born in Panyu, Guangdong, China, December 9, 1879; The Academy was the most eminent military school of the Republic of China and trained graduates who fought in the Second Sino-Japanese War and on both sides of the Chinese Civil War. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the

Sun Yat-sen (middle) and Chiang Kai-shek (on stage in uniform) at the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash The Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy ( commonly known as the Whampoa Military Academy ( was a Military academy in the Republic of China

However, as soon as he established his government in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen came into conflict with entrenched local power. Sun's militarist government was not based on the Provisional Constitution of 1912, which the anti-Beiyang forces vowed to defend in the Constitutional Protection War. The Constitutional Protection Movement ( Chinese: 护法运动 was a series of movements led by Sun Yat-sen to resist the Beiyang Government between 1917 In addition, Sun was elected president by a parliament that did not meet quorum following its move from Beijing. In Law, a quorum is the minimum number of members of a Deliberative body necessary to conduct the business of that group Thus, many politicians and warlords alike challenged the legitimacy of Sun's militarist government. Sun's use of heavy taxes to fund the Northern Expedition to militarily unify China also came at odds with reformers such as Chen Jiongming, who advocated establishing Guangdong as a “model province” before launching a costly military campaign. The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. Chen Jiongming (1878-1933 was a revolutionary figure in the early periods of the Republic of China. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the In sum, Sun's military government was opposed by the internationally-recognized Beiyang government in the north, Chen's Guangdong provincial government in the south, and other provincial powers that shifted alliance according to their own benefit. The Beiyang government ( or Warlord government collectively refers to a series of military regimes that ruled from Beijing from 1912 to 1928 at Zhongnanhai

Path to Northern Expedition and death

Sun's portrait adorns Taiwan's NT$100 bill. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The New Taiwan dollar ( ( Currency code TWD and common abbreviation NT$) or simply Taiwan dollar, is the official Currency of the

He again became premier of the Kuomintang from 10 October 1919 – 12 March 1925. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the early 1920s Sun received help from the Comintern for his reorganization of the Kuomintang as a Leninist Democratic-Centrist Party and negotiated the First CCP-KMT United Front. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist In 1924, in order to hasten the conquest of China, he began a policy of active cooperation with the Chinese Communists. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the

By this time, Sun was convinced that the only hope for a unified China lay in a military conquest from his base in the south, followed by a period of political tutelage that would culminate in the transition to democracy. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Sun then prepared for the later Northern Expedition with help from foreign powers until his death.

On November 10, 1924, Sun traveled north and delivered another speech to suggest gathering a conference for the Chinese people and the abolition of all unequal treaties with the Western powers. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Two days later, he yet again traveled to Peking (Beijing) to discuss the future of the country, despite his deteriorating health and the ongoing civil war of the warlords. A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority Although ill at the time, he was still head of the southern government. On November 28, 1924 Sun traveled to Japan and gave a remarkable speech on Pan-Asianism at Kobe, Japan. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture and a prominent port city in Japan with a population of about 1 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. He left Guangzhou to hold peace talks with the northern regional leaders on the unification of China. Sun died of liver cancer on March 12, 1925, at the age of 58 at the Rockefeller Hospital in Beijing. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC also called hepatoma) is a primary malignancy (cancer of the Liver. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Peking Union Medical College Tsinghua University (北京协和医学院，清华大学医学部 is among the most selective medical colleges in the People's Republic of China ^[7]

Legacy

Sun Yat-sen tribute in Tiananmen Square, 2005. Tiananmen Square ( is the large Plaza near the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen (literally Gate of Heavenly Peace

One of Sun's major legacies was his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People (sanmin zhuyi, 三民主義). The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy These Principles included the principle of nationalism (minzu, 民族), democracy (minquan, 民權) and the People's Livelihood (minsheng, 民生). The Principles retained a place in the rhetoric of both the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party with completely different interpretations. This difference in interpretation is due partly to the fact that Sun seemed to hold an ambiguous attitude to both capitalist and communist methods of development, as well as due to his untimely death, in 1925, before he had finished his now-famous lecture series on the Three Principles of the People. In addition, Sun is also one of the primary saints of the Vietnamese religion Cao Dai. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Cao Đài ( Vietnamese:) is a relatively new syncretist, Monotheistic Religion, officially established in Tây Ninh,

Power struggle

After Sun's death, a power struggle between his young protégé Chiang Kai-shek and his old revolutionary comrade Wang Jingwei split the KMT. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash Wang Jingwei ( Traditional Chinese: 汪精衛 Simplified Chinese: 汪精卫 Pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei ( At stake in this struggle was the right to lay claim to Sun's ambiguous legacy. In 1927 Chiang Kai-shek married Soong May-ling, a sister of Sun's widow Soong Ching-ling, and subsequently he could claim to be a brother-in-law of Sun. Soong May-ling or Soong Mei-ling, also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek ( ca 1897 She was the third of six children she was born in Shanghai Soong Ch'ing-ling ( (27 January 1893 &ndash 29 May 1981 also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters &mdashwho along with their husbands When the Communists and the Kuomintang split in 1927, marking the start of the Chinese Civil War, each group claimed to be his true heirs, a conflict that continued through World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

The official veneration of Sun's memory, especially in the Kuomintang, was a virtual cult, which centered around his tomb in Nanking. This article does not discuss "cult" in the original sense of "veneration" or "religious practice" for that usage see Cult (religious practice ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles His widow, Soong Ching-ling, sided with the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and served from 1949 to 1981 as Vice President (or Vice Chairwoman) of the People's Republic of China and as Honorary President shortly before her death in 1981. Soong Ch'ing-ling ( (27 January 1893 &ndash 29 May 1981 also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters &mdashwho along with their husbands Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES

Father of the Nation

Sun Yat-sen remains unique among twentieth-century Chinese leaders for having a high reputation both in mainland China and in Taiwan. Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction In Taiwan, he is seen as the Father of the Republic of China, and is known by the posthumous name Father of the Nation, Mr. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Sun Chungshan (Chinese: 國父　孫中山先生, where the one-character space is a traditional homage symbol). His likeness is still almost always found in ceremonial locations such as in front of legislatures and classrooms of public schools, from elementary to senior high school, and he continues to appear in new coinage and currency.

Forerunner of the Revolution

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing

On the mainland, Sun is also seen as a Chinese nationalist and proto-socialist, and is highly regarded as the Forerunner of the Revolution. The Mausoleum of Dr Sun Yat-sen (中山陵 is situated at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin ( Purple Mountain) in Nanjing ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution He is mentioned by name in the preamble to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. In most major Chinese cities one of the main streets is named "Zhongshan" (中山) to memorialize him, a name even more commonly found than other popular choices such as "Renmin Lu" (人民路), or The People's Road, and "Jiefang Lu" (解放路), or Liberation Road. There are also numerous parks, schools, and geographical features named after him. The city of Zhongshan in Guangdong, where Sun was originally from, is named after Sun, and there is a hall dedicated to his memory at the Temple of Azure Clouds in Beijing. Zhongshan ( is a Prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. Guangdong ( EFEO: Kouangtong; Pinyin Guǎngdōng; Postal map spelling: Kwangtung) is a province on the The Temple of Azure Clouds ( Chinese: 碧[[wikt 云|云]] 寺; pinyin Bìyún Sì is a Buddhist temple located in the eastern part of the

In recent years, the leadership of the Communist Party of China has been increasingly invoking Sun, partly as a way of bolstering Chinese nationalism in light of Chinese economic reform and partly to increase connections with supporters of the Kuomintang on Taiwan which the PRC sees as allies against Taiwanese independence. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the Chinese nationalism ( sometimes synonymous with Chinese Patriotism ( lit The Chinese economic reform ( refers to the program of economic reforms called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics " in the People's Republic of Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Sun's tomb was one of the first stops made by the leaders of both the Kuomintang and the People First Party on their trips to mainland China in 2005. The People First Party (親民黨 Pinyin: Qīnmíndǎng is a Centre-right conservative Political party in the Republic of China The 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China, also known as the Third United Front of China (第三次國共合作 were a series of groundbreaking visits by delegations A massive portrait of Sun continues to appear in Tiananmen Square for May Day and the National Day. Tiananmen Square ( is the large Plaza near the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen (literally Gate of Heavenly Peace May Day occurs on May 1 and refers to any of several Public holidays In many countries May Day is synonymous with International Workers' Day, or Labour See also National Day of the Republic of China ( October 10) The National Day of the People's Republic of China ( is celebrated

Sun and the overseas Chinese

Sun's notability and popularity extends beyond the Greater China region, particularly to Nanyang where a large concentration of overseas Chinese reside in Singapore and Malaysia. Greater China ( is a term referring collectively to both the territories administered by the People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau) Nanyang ( is the Chinese name for the geographical region south of China, particularly Southeast Asia. Singapore For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Sun recognised the contributions that the large number of overseas Chinese could make, beyond the sending of remittances to their ancestral homeland. He therefore made multiple visits to spread his revolutionary message to these communities around the world.

Sun made a total of eight visits to Singapore between 1900 and 1911. Singapore His first visit made on September 7, 1900, was to rescue Miyazaki Toten, an ardent Japanese supporter and friend of Sun's, who was arrested there, an act which also resulted in his own arrest and a ban from visiting the island for five years. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Upon his next visit in June 1905, he met local Chinese merchants Teo Eng Hock, Tan Chor Nam and Lim Nee Soon in a meeting which was to mark the commencement of direct support from the Nanyang Chinese. Upon hearing their reports on overseas Chinese revolutionists organising themselves in Europe and Japan, he urged them to establish the Singapore chapter of the Tongmenghui, which came officially into being on 6 April the following year upon his next visit. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Tongmenghui (中國同盟會 Pinyin: Tóngménghuì Wade-Giles: T'ung-meng Hui lit Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus

Sun Yat-sen's original handwriting (to his wife Soong Ching-ling)

The chapter was housed in a villa known as Wan Qing Yuan (晚晴園) and donated for the use of revolutionalists by Teo. Soong Ch'ing-ling ( (27 January 1893 &ndash 29 May 1981 also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters &mdashwho along with their husbands A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably The Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall ( also known as Wan Qing Yuan, 晚晴园 and formerly as Sun Yat Sen Villa, 孙中山故居 is a double-storey colonial In 1906, the chapter grew in membership to 400, and in 1908, when Sun was in Singapore to escape the Qing government in the wake of the failed Zhennanguan Uprising, the chapter had become the regional headquarters for Tongmenghui branches in Southeast Asia. Sun and his followers travelled from Singapore to Malaya and Indonesia to spread their revolutionary message, by which time the alliance already had over twenty branches with over 3,000 members around the world. British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century

Sun's foresight in tapping on the help and resources of the overseas Chinese population was to bear fruit on his subsequent revolutionary efforts. In one particular instance, his personal plea for financial aid at the Penang Conference held on November 13, 1910 in Malaya, helped launch a major drive for donations across the Malay Peninsula, an effort which helped finance the Second Guangzhou Uprising (also commonly known as the Yellow Flower Mound revolt) in 1911. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast Yellow Flower Mound revolt ( Traditional Chinese: 黃花岡之役 Simplified Chinese 黄花岗起义 is an uprising led by Huang Xing and his fellow revolutionaries

The role that overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia played during the 1911 Revolution was so significant that Sun himself recognized "Overseas Chinese as the Mother of the Revolution".

Today, Sun's legacy is remembered in Nanyang at Wan Qing Yuan, which has since been preserved and renamed as the Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall, and gazetted as a national monument of Singapore on October 28, 1994. The Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall ( also known as Wan Qing Yuan, 晚晴园 and formerly as Sun Yat Sen Villa, 孙中山故居 is a double-storey colonial The Preservation of Monuments Board (PMB a statutory board within the Government of Singapore under the Ministry of Information Communications and the Arts Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)

In Penang, the Penang Philomatic Union which was founded by Sun in 1908, has embarked on a heritage project to turn its premises at 65 Macalister Road into Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Museum. The project is expected to complete in late 2006. Penang (pəˈnæŋ Malay: Pulau Pinang) is a state in Malaysia, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Names

Main article: Names of Sun Yat-sen

See also

• Three Principles of the People
• History of the Republic of China
• Politics of the Republic of China
• Father of the Nation
• Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, in Nanjing
• Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum, in Hong Kong
• Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, in Taipei
• Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall
• Sun Yat-sen House (Nanjing)
• Zhongshan Park
• Sun Yat-sen stamps
• Sun Yat-sen University, one of the top twenty universities in China; and National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. Like many Chinese, Sun Yat-sen used different names at different points in his life and he is known in China under several of them The Three Principles of the People, also Translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a Political Philosophy This article discusses history of the state which currently governs Taiwan Area. The Politics of the Republic of China (ROC takes place in a framework of a Semi-presidential representative democratic Republic, Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae) also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin Honorific meaning " Father The Mausoleum of Dr Sun Yat-sen (中山陵 is situated at the foot of the second peak of Mount Zijin ( Purple Mountain) in Nanjing ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum ( is a Museum in Hong Kong. It is located in Kom Tong Hall ( at 7 Castle Road Central. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The National Dr Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall ( POJ: Kok-ui Kok-hu Ki-liam-koan is located in Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China. Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of The Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall ( also known as Wan Qing Yuan, 晚晴园 and formerly as Sun Yat Sen Villa, 孙中山故居 is a double-storey colonial Sun Yat-sen House （中山樓） is located in the South Garden of Nanjing University. Zhongshan Park ( 中山[[wikt 公园|公园]] is a common name of Chinese parks in honour of Sun Yat-sen, better-known in Chinese as Sun Zhongshan who is considered Numerous Chinese stamps depict Sun Yat-sen, and a representative collection can be acquired with little trouble This article is about the Sun Yat-sen University located in the People's Republic of China; see also National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan The National Sun Yat-sen University ( is a Public university located in Kaohsiung, Republic of China ( Taiwan)
• Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden, in Vancouver, the largest classical Chinese gardens outside of Asia
• Kuomintang
• Warlord era
• Whampoa Military Academy
• Communist Party of China
• Chinese Anarchism
• Chinese Nationalism
• Postage stamps and postal history of China
• Chiang Kai-shek

References

External links

• ROC Government Biography
• Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Foundation of Hawaii A virtual library on Dr. Sun in Hawaii including sources for six visits
• Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "immigration" into the U. S. with his successfully claimed (but of course illicit) "Certificate of Hawaiian birth" NARA Government documents cf. also Dr. Sun Yat-sen Foundation Hawaii, 5th visit
• Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong, from HKU website
• Contemporary views of Sun among overseas Chinese
• National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Official Website
• Dr. Sun Yat Sen Middle School 131, New York City
• Dr. Sun Yat Sen Museum, Penang, Malaysia