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Sun Diangying (Traditional Chinese: 孫殿英; Simplified Chinese: 孙殿英; pinyin: Sun Dianying; Wade-Giles: Sun Tienying) (1887 - 1947) was one of the minor warlords during the Warlord Era. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin The Warlord era is the period in the History of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s when the country was divided among military cliques, a division

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Biography

Born in 1889 in Yongcheng, Henan, Sun was originally a bandit in the area of Henan Anhui. Yongcheng ( Chinese: 永城 Pinyin: Yǒngchéng is a County-level city in the Shangqiu, Henan province China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China. He gradually extended his influence and power through years. In 1925 Sun joined the National Revolutionary Army. The National Revolutionary Army ( NRA) ( sometimes shortened to 國軍 or National Army) was the National Army In 1928, he plotted the notorious looting of the Eastern Mausoleum of the Manchu emperors. In the pre-dawn hours of July 8 1928 the warlord Sun Dianying led his army into the Eastern Mausoleums of the Qing Dynasty in Malanyu, West northwest of Zunhua The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Latter with Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan, Sun participated in various anti-Chiang Kai-shek movements. Feng Yuxiang ( (1882&ndash1948 was a Warlord during Republican China. Yen Hsi-shan, ( ( 8 October, 1883 &ndash 22 July, 1960) was a Chinese Warlord who served in the government of the Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash

In 1932-33, when the Japanese forces of the IJA 4th Cavalry and 6th Division in Operation Nekka invaded Jehol/Rehe he commanded the 41st Army in effective opposition to the Japanese in the Battle of Rehe. The Defense of the Great Wall ( (January 1 1933 &ndash May 31 1933 was a campaign between the armies of Republic of China and Empire of Japan, which Administration Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. Administration Rehe was located north of the Great Wall, west of Manchuria, and east of Mongolia. The Battle of Rehe (sometimes called the Battle of Jehol) was the second part of Operation Nekka, a campaign by which the Empire of Japan successfully This slightly rehabilitated his reputation, but he also seized the chance to expand his strength. At the time of the Tanggu Truce, Sun's troops garrisoned the strategic Peiking Suiyuan railroad. The Tanggu Truce, sometimes called the Tangku Truce ( Japanese, was a Cease-fire signed between China and Empire of Japan in

In May 1933, with Feng Yuxiang in Chahar province organizing the Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army, Sun too advocated opposition to Japan and criticised Chiang Kai-shek's Central government, yet protested his loyalty to Chiang. Feng Yuxiang ( (1882&ndash1948 was a Warlord during Republican China. Administration and history Chahar is a tribal group of the Mongols. The Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army consisted mostly of former Northwestern Army units under Feng Yuxiang, troops from Fang Zhenwu 's Resisting Japan and Saving The national government feared Sun Dianying would cooperate with Feng's Anti-Japanese Army, allowing them to use the railroad to support their forces. However Sun was also not willing to be involved in a conflict with Chiang. He hoped to be involved in northwest development and control a territory of his own there. In mid June, when Chiang ordered Sun's army to leave the railroad garrison and open up wasteland in Qinghai he was willing to go. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. Chiang's troops replaced them in July, cutting off the Anti-Japanese Army from communication with the rest of China.

Chiang intended the allied northwest Ma Sultanates would have the strength to cope with Sun Dianying and be weakened themselves. The Ma clique ( was a family of Warlords who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910's until 1949 Additionally Chiang sent Zhu Shaoliang to the northwest as Gansu Pacification Director, who for his own benefit, secretly encouraged the three Ma Sultanates to block and prevent Sun from entering his new post. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Strong protests from the region, and Chiang's weakness in the area eventually persuaded him to halt Sun's advance through Suiyuan province in November 1933. However his forces became short of food and restive from their inactivity.

In January 1934 with his army threatened with starvation and mutiny, Sun Dianying was forced to march his 60,000 man army west from Suiyuan province into Ningxia, governed by Ma Hongbin. Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic Ma Hongbin 馬鴻賓 (b 1884 Linxia Gansu, China - d October 21, 1960, Lanzhou, Gansu) was a prominent Muslim Supported by his fellow Ma Clan rulers Ma Hongkui in Gansu, and Ma Bufang with his younger brother Ma Buqing in Qinghai, Ma Hungpin refused and with the united Ma forces began the Four Ma Jusun Campaign. Ma Hongkui 馬鴻逵 (1892-1970 was a prominent Warlord in China during the Republic of China era ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Ma Bufang ( Chinese: 馬步芳 1903&ndash1975 was a prominent Ma clique Warlord in China during the Republic of China era ruling the northwestern Ma Bufang ( Chinese: 馬步芳 1903&ndash1975 was a prominent Ma clique Warlord in China during the Republic of China era ruling the northwestern Both sides battled for three months, with heavy loss to both sides. At last in March Yan Xishan dispatched troops into the battle cutting Sun's avenue of retreat, while Chiang Kai-Shek seized the chance to publicly abolish Sun's various duties. Sun Dianying was compelled to retreat back to Baotou in the beginning of April, and then went to Taiyuan to live in seclusion, the remnants of his defeated troops were incorporated by Yan Xishan into his provincial forces. Baotou ( Buɣutu) is a Prefecture-level city and the largest city in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

In 1937, when the Second Sino-Japanese War erupted, Sun resurfaced once again commanding troops against the Japanese, taking command of the Hebei-Chahar Guerillas in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the In 1943 he became the General commanding 5th Army. However he surrendered to the Japanese soon after and was given command of 24th Group Army, a unit of Nanjing puppet troops. In August 1943 his command was defeated by PLA forces in the Linnan Campaign. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The Linnan Campaign was one of the battles of the Eighth Route Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

When the Second Sino-Japanese War was over, Sun participated in the Chinese Civil War on Nationalist's side. In 1947, he was defeated by People's Liberation Army and was taken prisoner. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. He died in a POW camp.

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See also

External links

The Warlord era is the period in the History of the Republic of China, from 1916 to the late-1930s when the country was divided among military cliques, a division
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