| Sun Ce | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Warlord | |
| Born | 175 |
| Died | 200 |
| Predecessor | Sun Jian |
| Successor | Sun Quan |
| Names | |
| Simplified Chinese | 孙策 |
| Traditional Chinese | 孫策 |
| Pinyin | Sūn Cè |
| Wade-Giles | Sun Tse |
| Courtesy name | Bofu (伯符) |
| Posthumous name | Prince Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王) |
| Other names | Little Conqueror (小霸王) |
Sun Ce (175 – 200) was a military general and warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority Events By Place Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius suppresses a revolt of the legate Avidius Cassius in Syria Events By Place World Human population reaches about 257 million Sun Jian (155 &ndash 191 was a military general and minor Warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu Personal Names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name ( zì) is a given name to be used later in life A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Events By Place Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius suppresses a revolt of the legate Avidius Cassius in Syria Events By Place World Human population reaches about 257 million A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Three Kingdoms period ( is a period in the History of China, part of an era of disunity called the Six Dynasties following immediately the loss of China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National He was the eldest of five sons and one daughter of Sun Jian, who was killed in battle when Sun Ce was only sixteen. Sun Jian (155 &ndash 191 was a military general and minor Warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China Sun Ce then broke away from his father's former overlord Yuan Shu and headed into Southeastern China to establish his own power base there. This article is about the warlord during the Eastern Han Dynasty With the help of several capable men, including Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu, Sun Ce managed to lay down the foundation of the later Eastern Wu, of which his younger brother Sun Quan eventually became the first emperor. Zhang Zhao (156 – 236 was a civil officer who served Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Zhou Yu (周瑜 175-210 was a famous and one of the most capable military strategists for Sun Ce and his successor Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms era the Eastern Wu ( Chinese: 東吳 Pinyin: Dōng Wú also known as Sun Wu ( Traditional Chinese: 孫吳 pinyin Sūn Wú refers to a Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of After Sun Quan declared himself emperor, he posthumously honored Sun Ce with the title Prince Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王, literally "the diligent prince").
In 200, when the rising warlord Cao Cao was away battling Yuan Shao in the decisive Battle of Guandu, Sun Ce was rumored to be plotting an attack against Cao Cao's capital of Xuchang. Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰 was a Battle during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history that took place at the Yellow River Xuchang ( is a Prefecture-level city in central Henan province, People's Republic of China. However, he was assassinated before he could carry out the plan.
The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms describes Sun Ce as handsome and full of laughter. The Records of Three Kingdoms ( is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, He was also a generous and receptive man who could employ people according to their abilities. Thus his subjects were willing to risk their lives for him. One detractor named Xu Gong, in a letter to Emperor Xian, likened Sun Ce to Xiang Yu, the general renowned for overthrowing Qin Dynasty . Xu Gong (fl 200 CE was the governor of a Wu territory in China. Emperor Xian of Han ( Traditional 漢獻帝 Simplified 汉献帝 Pinyin Hàn Xiàn dì, Wade-Giles Han Hsien-ti; Xiang Yu ( 232 BC – 202 BC was a prominent general during the fall of the Qin Dynasty. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China As Xiang Yu was often referred to as the Conqueror of Chu, Sun Ce henceforth became known as the Little Conqueror in popular culture.
Contents |
Life
Early life and career
Born in 175, Sun Ce was the eldest among five sons and one daughter of Sun Jian, a military general loyal to the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Sun Jian (155 &ndash 191 was a military general and minor Warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. In 190, a year after Emperor Ling died, the warlord Dong Zhuo usurped power, placing in the throne the puppet Emperor Xian. Emperor Ling of Han, trad ch 漢靈帝, sim ch 汉灵帝, py. A warlord is a person with power who has military control over a subnational area due to Armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority Dong Zhuo (died May 22, 192) was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Emperor Xian of Han ( Traditional 漢獻帝 Simplified 汉献帝 Pinyin Hàn Xiàn dì, Wade-Giles Han Hsien-ti; Regional warlords in eastern China then formed a coalition against Dong Zhuo. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Campaign against Dong Zhuo (董卓討伐戰 in 190 was initiated by a coalition of regional officials hoping to end Chancellor Dong Zhuo 's influence Sun Jian rendered his service to Yuan Shu, one of the leaders of the coalition. This article is about the warlord during the Eastern Han Dynasty The attempt to oust Dong Zhuo soon failed and China slid into a series of massive civil wars. In the next year, Sun Jian was sent by Yuan Shu to attack Liu Biao, governor of Jingzhou (荆州, present day Hubei and Hunan), but he was killed in an ambush. Liú Biǎo (? - August208 AD was the governor of the Jing province during the late Eastern Han Dynasty Jingzhou ( is a city in the Hubei province of the People's Republic of China, on the banks of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang ( Postal map spelling: Hupeh) is a central province of the People's Republic of China. ( is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning
Sun Ce brought his father's body to Qu'e (曲阿, present day Situ Town, Jiangsu) for burial and settled his mother down before heading for Danyang (丹楊, present day Xuancheng, Anhui), where his uncle Wu Jing was the governor. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country Danyang (Chinese 丹阳 is a county-level city administered by Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Chizhou administers 7 county-level divisions, including 1 district, 1 County-level city Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China. There he raised a small militia a few hundred in strength. This small force was far from sufficient for him to establish his own power so in 194 Sun Ce went to Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu was very impressed with Sun Ce and often lamented that he had no son like him. He also returned Sun Jian's former division of troops to Sun Ce.
Initially, Yuan Shu promised to appoint Sun Ce the governor of Jiujiang but eventually gave the governorship to Chen Ji. Jiujiang (, formerly called Kiukiang, is a Prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River (ChangJiang in northwest Chen Ji an officer of the Three Kingdoms Period that served under Yuan Shu. Later, when Yuan Shu was denied a large loan of grains from the governor of Lujiang, he sent Sun Ce to attack the latter, promising to make Sun Ce the governor of Lujiang should he succeed. Lujiang County ( Simplified Chinese: 庐江县 Pinyin: Lújiāng Xiàn is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Chaohu. When Sun Ce did, however, Yuan Shu again went back on his words and appointed someone else instead. The disappointed Sun Ce then began to contemplate leaving.
Meanwhile, Liu Yao, who was by imperial decree the governor of Yangzhou (揚州, present day southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian), occupied Qu'e as the regional seat Shouchun (壽春, present day Shou County, Anhui) was already occupied by Yuan Shu. Liu Yao was an official in the Jiangdong region during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsi is a southern province of the People's Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. This article is about the People's Republic of China province Shou County (寿县 is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Lu'an. Shou County (寿县 is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Lu'an. He then forced Wu Jing back west across the Yangtze River to Liyang (歷陽, present day He County, Anhui) However, Yuan Shu claimed to be the rightful governor and sent Wu Jing and Sun Ce's elder cousin Sun Ben to attack Liu Yao. He County ( Simplified Chinese: 和县 Pinyin: Hé Xiàn is a district in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Chaohu. Sun Ben (Boyang (伯陽 (173–209 eldest son of Sun Qiang (Sun Jian's twin brother and elder brother of Sun Fu. After they were unable to break down the defense for more than a year, Sun Ce requested to lead a force to assist the effort.
A kingdom's beginning
Though Yuan Shu knew Sun Ce intended to leave, he believed the latter would not be able to defeat Liu Yao. Thus he deployed the young general off with merely a thousand odd troops and a tiny cavalry force. Along with a few hundred more willing followers, Sun Ce proceeded to Liyang, where he boosted his strength to more than 5,000. He then launched an offensive across the Yangtze River and successfully occupied the strategic position of Niuzhu (牛渚, present day Caishiji, southwest of Ma'anshan, Anhui) in 195. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Ma'anshan administers 4 county-level divisions, including 3 districts and 1 county Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China.
Two of Liu Yao's allies then came south from Pengcheng and Xiapi respectively to aid him. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Xuzhou administers eleven county-level divisions, including five districts, two county-level Pizhou City (邳州 Pinyin: Pīzhōu is a County-level city in northern Jiangsu province in China. Sun Ce chose to first attack one of them, Ze Rong, who made camp south of Moling. Ze Rong (d 195 AD was a general during the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After suffering initial defeat in the hands of the aggressor, Ze Rong fell back in defense and refused to engage in battle. Sun Ce then marched further north and attacked Xue Li (薛禮) in Moling. Xue Rengui ( 614-683 formal name Xue Li (薛禮 but went by the Courtesy name of Rengui was one of the most famous Chinese generals during the early Tang Although Xue Li soon gave up the city and escaped, Liu Yao's subject Fan Neng and others had regrouped their forces and launched a renewed attack on Niuzhu. Fan Neng the protector of Yang under Liu Yao. At one time Neng attacked Sun Ce for capturing his ally Gan Mi. Turning back, Sun Ce defeated Fan Neng and secured Niuzhu. He then began a second offensive against Ze Rong. However, he was struck by a stray arrow in the thigh. Returning to Niuzhu, he sent out false words that he was killed in battle. The exalted Ze Rong then sent a force to attack. Sun Ce led the enemies into an ambush and annihilated them. When Ze Rong heard that Sun Ce was still alive, he further reinforced his defense works.
Sun Ce then temporarily gave up attacking Ze Rong and focused his forces on Qu'e. After all the surrounding areas were taken over by Sun Ce, Liu Yao gave up the city and escaped south to Yuzhang (豫章, present day Nanchang, Jiangxi), where he would later die. Nanchang ( is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. As Sun Ce implemented strict discipline among his troops, he won the instant support of the local people and gathered many talented men, such as Chen Wu, Zhou Tai, Jiang Qin, Zhang Zhao, Zhang Hong, Qin Song, and Lü Fan. Chen Wu was a military general who served under the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Zhou Tai (d 225 courtesy name Youping (幼平 was an officer who served the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Jiang Qin (168 – 219 AD) Courtesy name Gongyi (公奕 was a military general for the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms Zhang Zhao (156 – 236 was a civil officer who served Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Zhang Hong was a minister for Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. The Emperor's Shadow ( is a 1996 film made in the People's Republic of China by the Xi'an Film Studio. Lü Fan, styled Ziheng (子衡 (d 228 was an officer serving Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He then pushed his force deeper into Yangzhou and conquered Kuaiji (會稽, present day Shaoxing, Zhejiang), whose governor Wang Lang surrendered. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Shaoxing administers 1 district, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties. Wang Lang (? - 228 was a politician during the end of the Han Dynasty and during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Sun Ce made Kuaiji his base city and struck out at the wandering bandit army led by Yan Baihu. Yan Baihu was a bandit leader in the Wu territory during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Yan Baihu sent his younger brother Yan Yu to offer Sun Ce a position alongside Yan Baihu, but Sun Ce showed no mercy and personally slew the emissary. Yan Yu (? - 196 was the younger brother of Yan Baihu. Yu was an envoy for peace when Baihu was attacked by Sun Ce. As Yan Yu was known among Yan Baihu's men as a fierce warrior, his death struck fear into their hearts and they were soon defeated. Sun Ce then appointed his relatives and a trusted subject to govern Danyang and Yuzhang, from which he divided a new commandery named Luling (廬陵). The commandery ( 郡 in Pinyin: jùn was a historical administrative level of China. His campaign, from the occupation of Niuzhu to the conquest of the entire region southeast of the Long River, took less than a year. He then defeated and received the services of Zu Lang (祖朗), the Chief of Danyang, and Taishi Ci, the leader of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces; he then urged the surrender of Hua Xin, another one of the remnants of Liu Yao's forces. Taishi Ci (166–206 was a military general of the Three Kingdoms period of China. Hua Xin (157 - 231 was an adviser under the Chinese Warlord Cao Cao. Thus, with the exception of the scattered but still numerous army of Yan Baihu, the lands south of the Yangtze were mostly pacified.
The barbarians of Shanyue tribe, however, were not easily dealt with. To counter the frequent rebellions of the Shanyue (who would continue to rebel for many years), Sun Ce appointed a certain He Qi to a military rank with orders to subdue the Shanyue. He Qi (d 227? Courtesy name Gongmiao (公苗 was an officer of the Three Kingdoms Period that served under the Kingdom of Wu. He Qi would go on to become a highly successful general; truly, his appointment by Sun Ce was the first important step to Wu's eventual subjugation of the Shanyue.
Late life
In 195, Yuan Shu declared himself the unrecognised "Zhongjia" Emperor. In a letter to Yuan Shu, Sun Ce denounced the move and broke ties with the former. In an effort to garner support from Sun Ce, the rising warlord Cao Cao then recommended him to be appointed the Rebellions-Suppressing General(討逆將軍) and enfeoffed as Marquis of Wu (吳侯). Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the [1] In 199 Yuan Shu died of sickness along with his short-lived dynasty. His cousin Yuan Yin feared Cao Cao and gave up Shouchun. Yuan Yin was a minister of the Three Kingdoms Period that was the cousin of Yuan Shu. Bringing along Yuan Shu's coffin and his former troops, he headed to Huancheng (皖城, present day Qianshan County, Anhui) to seek refuge under Liu Xun (劉勳). Qianshan County is a county in Anhui under the jurisdiction of Anqing City. As Liu Xun had insufficient food supplies in his realm to support the additional troops, he led a force south to pillage Haihun (海昏, east of present day Yongxiu County, Jiangxi).
Sun Ce was en route to attack Huang Zu, who was Sun Jian's killer, in Xiakou (夏口, present day Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei) when he received the news. Huang Zu (? - 208 was a high-ranked naval officer and Prefect of Jiangxia under the governor of Jingzhou, Liu Biao during the later Han Dynasty Hankou ( Wade-Giles: Hankow is one of the three towns together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital Hankou ( Wade-Giles: Hankow is one of the three towns together with Wuchang and Hanyang, which are included in modern day Wuhan, the capital ( is the capital of Hubei province and is the most populous city in central People's Republic of China. He then turned back and captured the poorly defended Huancheng, taking over all of Yuan Shu's 30,000 former troops. Hearing that his base city had been taken, Liu Xun headed west and sought help from Huang Zu, who sent a 5,000-strong naval force to assist him. Sun Ce pressed forward and defeated Liu Xun, who escaped north to Cao Cao. Sun Ce annexed more than 2,000 former troops and 1,000 ships of his enemy and came upon Huang Zu. Despite reinforcements from Liu Biao, Huang Zu was utterly defeated.
The victorious Sun Ce in 199 looked poised to take over the entire southern China. As he was threatened by rival Yuan Shao in the north and could not divide his attention, Cao Cao attempted to further reinforce the alliance with Sun Ce by marrying his niece to Sun Ce's youngest brother Sun Kuang. Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Sun Kuang, styled Jizuo (季佐 was the fourth son of Sun Jian and part of the Sun clan that founded and ruled the Eastern Wu during the Three Sun Ce in turn agreed to marry Sun Ben's daughter to Cao Cao's son Cao Zhang. Cao Zhang (189 &ndash 223 was the son of the powerful warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of China
The former governor of Wu Commandery (吳郡, south of present day Suzhou, Jiangsu) Xu Gong, had long opposed Sun Ce. Suzhou ( ancient name 吳) is a City on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu Xu Gong (fl 200 CE was the governor of a Wu territory in China. Xu Gong wrote to Emperor Xian, recommending the emperor to summon Sun Ce to the capital as he deemed Sun Ce to be a hero comparable to Xiang Yu and too dangerous to be allowed to occupy a territory. Xiang Yu ( 232 BC – 202 BC was a prominent general during the fall of the Qin Dynasty. However, the letter was intercepted by an official loyal to Sun Ce, who attacked and then had Xu Gong executed. Xu Gong's former servants then kept a low profile and waited for chance to revenge.
In the year 200, Cao Cao engaged in the decisive Battle of Guandu with Yuan Shao along the shores of the Yellow River, leaving the capital and his base city Xuchang poorly guarded. The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰 was a Battle during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history that took place at the Yellow River Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the Xuchang ( is a Prefecture-level city in central Henan province, People's Republic of China. Sun Ce is said to have then plotted to attack Xuchang under the banner of rescuing Emperor Xian, who was a figurehead held under Cao Cao's control. Preparations were underway for the military excursion when Sun Ce ran into three former servants of Xu Gong during a solo hunting trip. One of them managed to plant an arrow into Sun Ce's cheek before Sun Ce's men arrived and slew the assassins. Many differing accounts of Sun Ce's death exist (see below). One generally accepted scenario is that he died that same night.
Another possible scenario has Sun Ce living for quite some time. The physician told Sun Ce to rest still for a hundred days to allow the wound to heal, but Sun Ce looked into the mirror one day and, seeing his scar, became so enraged that he slammed his table. The large movement caused the wound to break and he died in the same night. Although he was survived by one son, Sun Ce passed his legacy to his younger brother Sun Quan. Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu When Sun Quan declared himself the first emperor of the Kingdom of Wu in 222, he bestowed upon Sun Ce the posthumous title of Prince Huan of Changsha (長沙桓王). The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of Eastern Wu ( Chinese: 東吳 Pinyin: Dōng Wú also known as Sun Wu ( Traditional Chinese: 孫吳 pinyin Sūn Wú refers to a
Sun Ce was succeeded by a posthumous son, Sun Shao, as well as at least two (possibly three) daughters, married to Gu Shao (顧卲) and later Zhu Ji (朱紀), and Lu Xun respectively. Sun Shao (孫紹 (200-? was the posthumous son of Sun Ce, a warlord in the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun (183 &ndash 245 was an officer of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Sun Shao bore one son, Sun Feng (孫奉), who was executed by Sun Hao for alleged treason due to his popularity. Sun Hao (孫皓 (242-284 Courtesy name Yuanzong (元宗 originally named Sun Pengzu (孫彭祖 with the Courtesy name Yuanzong (元宗
Dispute over cause of death
Sun Sheng (孫盛) in his Exposition on Disparities and Similarities (異同評) discounted the theory that Sun Ce made plans to attack Xuchang. Gan Ji (? &ndash 200 was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. In 1995, CCTV produced a television adaptation of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Xuchang ( is a Prefecture-level city in central Henan province, People's Republic of China. He believed that although Sun Ce was a rising power, he was threatened in the west by Huang Zu, who was defeated but not eliminated, in the north by Chen Deng, governor of Guangling (廣陵, present day Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and in the south by indigenous tribes yet to be assimilated. Huang Zu (? - 208 was a high-ranked naval officer and Prefect of Jiangxia under the governor of Jingzhou, Liu Biao during the later Han Dynasty Chen Deng (170 - 208 styled Yuan Long was a strategist of the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yangzhou administers 7 county-level divisions. ( Postal map spelling: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country These prevented Sun Ce from striking far out at Xuchang and moving the emperor to southeastern China. He further argued that Sun Ce died in the fourth month of 200, before the Battle of Guandu even took place. The Battle of Guandu (官渡之戰 was a Battle during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history that took place at the Yellow River
The annotator of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms Pei Songzhi (裴松之) rebutted Sun Sheng, arguing that Huang Zu was newly broken and had yet to recollect his forces while the indigenous tribes were scattered and not much of a threat. Pei Songzhi believed that the first objective of Sun Ce's planned northward excursion was to attack Chen Deng, which would provide a platform for capturing Xuchang. On the other hand, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao had been engaging in skirmishes and small-scale battles before Sun Ce's death. Cáo Cāo ( 曹[[wikt 操|操]] 155 &ndash March 15, 220) was a regional Warlord and the penultimate Chancellor of the Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Thus there was in fact no discrepancy in timing.
A historically implausible legend regarding Sun Ce's death involves a popular Taoist priest of his time named Gan Ji (干吉), whom he regarded as a sorcerer. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Gan Ji (? &ndash 200 was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. Despite petitions from his subjects and his own mother, Sun Ce ordered Gan Ji's execution. According to In Search of the Supernatural (搜神記) by Gan Bao (干竇), a compilation largely based on legends and hearsay, Sun Ce began to see apparitions of Gan Ji ever since the execution of the latter. Gan Bao (or Kan Pao) (干竇 (fl 315 died 336 was a Chinese Historian and writer at the court of Emperor Yuan of Eastern Chin. After he was injured by assassins, Sun Ce was told by the physician to rest still to allow the wound to heal. However, he looked into the mirror one day and saw Gan Ji's face, whereupon he let out a cry and slammed the mirror. His wound broke and he died shortly. This version was adopted and further dramatized by Luo Guanzhong in his historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which Gan Ji's name was taken to be "Yu Ji" (于吉). Luo Guanzhong ( c 1330?-1400? born Luo Ben (罗本 was a Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三国演义 An historical novel is a Novel in which the story is set among historical events or more generally in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the Author Romance of the Three Kingdoms ( written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese Historical novel based upon events in [2]
Sun Ce in art
Chinese opera
In Peking opera, Sun Ce's role is usually that of a hero or tragic hero, while his brother, Sun Quan is usually portrayed as a villain at worst or self-seeking at best. Beijing opera or Peking opera ( is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music vocal performance mime dance and acrobatics A hero (from Greek grc ἥρως hērōs) in Greek mythology and Folklore, was originally a Demigod, the offspring of a mortal and A tragic hero is the main character in a Tragedy who makes an error in his or her actions that leads to his or her downfall Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu Several operas even toy with the idea that Quan had Cè assassinated so that he could take control of the warlord state, though there is no historical evidence to support this view. In the opera Fenghuang Er Qiao, Sun Ce borrows 3,000 troops from Yuan Shu and allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. According to Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the Two Qiaos, daughters of Qiao Xuan, were known as two of the great beauties of ancient China Sun Ce, the protagonist of the opera, eventually gains the Elder Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and the Younger Qiao. The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story.
Comics and anime
In the anime Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi, Sun Ce fights alongside his father against Dong Zhuo and is befriended by Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei, with whom he trains to become a hero. is a Japanese Anime series based on the Sangokushi Manga by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, itself based on Eiji Yoshikawa 's retelling of Dong Zhuo (died May 22, 192) was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. Liu Bei (161– June 21 223) styled Xuándé (玄徳 was a general warlord and later the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Guan Yu ( Chinese: 關羽 Guān Yǔ was a general under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Zhang Fei (?-221 AD was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. When Sun Jian finds the Imperial Seal and decides to keep it for himself, Sun Ce is troubled by his father's actions and leaves him, seeking advice from Liu Bei. Liu Bei convinces him that his father likely has a good reason for holding onto the Imperial Seal, and Sun Ce returns just in time to save his father from an attack made by Yuan Shao and help him escape. Yuan Shao (? - 202 was a powerful warlord during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. The rest of Sun Ce's actions, including his passing, are mentioned only in passing.
The character Sonsaku Hakufu in Ikki Tousen is loosely based on the historical figure Sun Ce (her surname's characters being identical to those of Sun Ce). The following is a list of Ikki Tousen characters. Characters are listed by the school they are affiliated with and the character from Romance of the Three Kingdoms or "Bakunyū" Hyper-Battle Ikki Tōsen is a 13 episode Anime series loosely based on the Manga by Yuji Shiozaki, which Her guardian, Shuuyu Koukin, bears the same name and personality as Zhou Yu. The following is a list of Ikki Tousen characters. Characters are listed by the school they are affiliated with and the character from Romance of the Three Kingdoms Zhou Yu (周瑜 175-210 was a famous and one of the most capable military strategists for Sun Ce and his successor Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms era the
In the anime Kōtetsu Sangokushi, Sun Ce is portrayed as a once kind-hearted and virtuous hero who was corrupted by the power of the Imperial Seal, causing him to kill its protector, who happens to be Lu Xun's father. (anime in Japanese, Lu Xun ( or Lu Hsün ( Wade-Giles) was the Pen name of Zhou Shuren ( ( September 25, 1881 &ndash October 19 Lu Xun is then convinced by Zhuge Liang to serve Sun Ce, who repeatedly reminds Lu Xun of his father's death before suddenly being attacked by assassins, the Imperial Seal being stolen from him. Zhuge Liang (181–234 was Chancellor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China Before dying, he apologizes to Lu Xun for the death of his father, suggesting that before he died, he broke free of the Seal's influence. It is later revealed that Zhuge Liang was the mastermind behind Sun Ce's assassination and later events in the series.
In the Chinese manhua Ravages of Time, Sun Ce is a cunning, ruthless, and manipulative character. Manhua ( are Chinese Comics originally produced in China. Possibly due to their greater degree of artistic freedom of expression and closer international ties The Ravages of Time (火鳳燎原 is an on-going Chinese Manhua series re-telling the events in the Three Kingdoms Period of Chinese history and the story He hires Zhao Yun to assist him in retrieving the Imperial Seal from Yuan Shu, but a last minute ambush by Gan Ning supposedly kills Sun Ce right in front of Zhao Yun, who is surrounded and barely escapes. For the Song Emperor see Emperor Lizong of Song. Zhao Yun (? - 22 This article is about the warlord during the Eastern Han Dynasty Gān Níng (175&ndash219/220? was a military general for Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China It is later revealed that Sun Ce is alive and well, having posed as a relative, and that the man slain was his double, Ling Cao. Ling Cao (? &ndash 203 was a general of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period and the father of Wu general Ling Tong. In addition, Sun Ce had foreseen the ambush and saw it as a way to be rid of any sort of commitment to pay Zhao Yun. He is also very talented in martial art as he easily kills two generals of Liu Yao and then fights to a tie with Taishi Ci, who makes a good impression to him. Later, he asks one of his loyal men to desecrate Ling Cao's grave and pretends as if it was a revenge of their enemy, therefore, the spirits of his troops greatly rises and they easily broke the enemy force although they were outnumbered. He frankly admits his ruthless action to Ling Cao's son and swears that if there is justice, he will be killed painfully as he deserves.
Video games
Sun Ce also appears as a playable character in the popular Dynasty Warriors video game series by Koei. A player character or playable character (PC is a Fictional character in a Video game or Role playing game who is controlled or controllable is a series of tactical action Video games created by Koei. The award-winning series Games Original game This article is about the software company For the Japanese era name see Kōei (era. In the third, fourth, and fifth installments of the game, he wields a pair of bamboo tonfa called the "Overlords," and is portrayed as energetic, outgoing, brash, and informal. The tonfa, also known as tong fa or tuifa, is a traditional Okinawan weapon from which the modern side-handled police baton is derived Although charismatic and well-liked by his troops, he relies on the wisdom and responsibility of his friend, Zhou Yu, to keep him focused and on track. In Dynasty Warriors 5, Sun Ce meets his death due to a curse placed on him by the sorcerer Yu Ji, after Sūn orders his execution. Dynasty Warriors 5 (真・三國無双4 is a Hack and slash video game set in China and the fifth installment in the Dynasty Warriors series Gan Ji (? &ndash 200 was a Taoist priest who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era in ancient China. He is succeeded by his brother, Quan, who in stark contrast to Ce, is stolid and detached. Sūn Quan often calls on the strength of his late father and brother during combat, attributing his ability and skill to the spirits of his fallen family guiding his hand.
In Dynasty Warriors 6, Sun Ce's weapon is a single-hooked spear and dons armor similar to that of the ancient Greek muscle cuirass. is a Hack and slash video game set in Ancient China, called Three Kingdoms and the sixth official installment in the Dynasty Warriors series
Sun Ce also makes an appearance in the spin off game, "Warriors Orochi", a combination of the Dynasty and Samurai Warriors series. Warriors Orochi, known in Japan as, is a PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 Hack and slash Video game developed by Koei Samurai Warriors (戦国無双 Sengoku Musou in Japan) is the first title in the series of video games created by Koei 's In the game, Orochi uses the captive Sun Jian to blackmail the Sun family into servitude. Sun Ce is the first to rebel against Orochi, under the guidance of Sakon Shima, and much to the disapproval of his siblings, Quan and Shang Xiang, but he would eventually get them back on his side and save their father. often called, was a Samurai working under Tsutsui. Shima eventually left the service of the Tsutsui and eventually joined Ishida Mitsunari under the banner He also has an important role in the other storylines.
Family
- Father
- Mother
- Brothers
- Sister
- Wife
- Children
- Brother in Law and sworn brother
Notes
- ^ Sun Ce was supposed to inherit his father's title of Marquis of Wucheng but he had given it up to his younger brother Sun Kuang. For the area code see Area code 202. Events By Place Roman Empire Septimus Severus returns to Rome after Sun Quan ( (182 - 252 son of Sun Jian, courtesy name Zhòngmóu (仲謀 formally Emperor Da of (Eastern Wu was the founder of Eastern Wu Sun Kuang, styled Jizuo (季佐 was the fourth son of Sun Jian and part of the Sun clan that founded and ruled the Eastern Wu during the Three Sun Yi (184 - 204 (Shubi an officer serving under Wu and the third son of Sun Jian. Sun Lang, styled Zaoan (早安 was an illegitimate son of Sun Jian, a military commander of the Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period Life Sister of the founding Emperor of Eastern Wu (Sun Quan Lady Sun was the only recorded daughter of Sun Jian and Lady Wu. According to Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the Two Qiaos, daughters of Qiao Xuan, were known as two of the great beauties of ancient China Sun Shao, born Yu Shao (ca 188 &ndash 242 courtesy name Gongli (公禮 was an officer for Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era Lu Xun (183 &ndash 245 was an officer of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of China. Zhou Yu (周瑜 175-210 was a famous and one of the most capable military strategists for Sun Ce and his successor Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms era the Sun Kuang, styled Jizuo (季佐 was the fourth son of Sun Jian and part of the Sun clan that founded and ruled the Eastern Wu during the Three
- ^ The Chinese characters for "Gan" (干) and "Yu" (于) in this case look very similar. It is believed that Luo Guanzhong made an error when referring to historical texts.
References
- Chen Shou (2002). San Guo Zhi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80665-198-5.
- Luo Guanzhong (1986). San Guo Yan Yi. Yue Lu Shu She. ISBN 7-80520-013-0.
- Lo Kuan-chung; tr. C. H. Brewitt-Taylor (2002). Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3467-9.
See also
- Three Kingdoms
- Personages of the Three Kingdoms
- Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms
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