| Sun Bear | ||||||||||||||
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| Helarctos malayanus (Raffles, 1821) |
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Heliarctus Tilesius, 1850 (unjustified emendation) Ursus malayanus Raffles, 1821 |
The Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) is a bear found primarily in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Pierre Marie Heude (1836 - 1902 was a French Jesuit Missionary and Zoologist. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Tropical rainforests are generally found near the Equator. They are common in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central Its Malay and Indonesian name is Beruang Madu ("Honey Bear"). The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of
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Description
The Sun Bear stands approximately 1. 2 m (4 ft) in length, making it the smallest member in the bear family. It has a 5 cm (2 in) tail and usually weighs less than 65 kg (145 lb). Males tend to be 10-45% larger than females[2]; the former normally weigh between 30 and 60 kg (66-132 lb), the latter between 20 and 40 kg (44-88 lb). Male (♂ refers to the sex of an organism or part of an organism which produces small mobile Gametes called spermatozoa. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells [3] The Sun Bear possesses sickle-shaped claws that are relatively light in weight. A sickle is a hand-held Agricultural Tool with a curved Blade typically used for harvesting grain crop or cutting grass for Hay. A claw is a curved pointed appendage found at the end of a toe or finger in most Mammals, Birds, and some Reptiles. It has large paws with naked soles, probably to assist in climbing. paw is the soft Foot of a Mammal, generally a Quadruped, that has Claws or nails The sole is the bottom of the human Foot. Anatomically the sole of the foot is referred to as the plantar aspect. UserStan Shebs for a timetable --> Climbing is the activity of using one's hands and feet (or Its inward-turned feet make the bear's walk pigeon-toed, but it is an excellent climber. It has small, round ears and a stout snout. The tail is 1. 2-2. 8 inches long. [2] Despite its small size, the Sun Bear possesses a very long, slender tongue, ranging from 8 to 10 inches in length. The bear uses it to extract honey from beehives. [4]
Unlike other bears, the Sun Bear's fur is short and sleek. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. This adaptation is probably due to the lowland climates it inhabits. An adaptation is a characteristic of an Organism that has been favored by Natural selection and Dark black or brown-black fur covers its body, except on the chest, where there is a pale orange-yellow marking in the shape of a horseshoe. The colour orange occurs Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally A horseshoe is a U-shaped item made of metal or of modern synthetic materials nailed or glued to the Hooves of Horses and some other Draught Similar colored fur can be found around the muzzle and the eyes. This distinct marking gives the sun bear its name.
Diet
The diet of the Sun Bear varies widely and includes small vertebrates such as lizards, birds, and other mammals, in addition to fruits, eggs, termites, the young tips of palm trees, nests of bees, berries, sprouts, insects, roots, cocoa, and coconuts. This article is primarily about the human diet For a discussion of animal diets see List of feeding behaviours. Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Lizards are a large and widespread group of Reptiles of the order Squamata, with nearly 5000 species and ranging across all continents except Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In most Birds and Reptiles an egg ( Latin ovum) is the Zygote, resulting from Fertilization of the Ovum. The termites are a group of Social Insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera (but see also taxonomy Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering A nest is a place of refuge to hold an animal's eggs and/or provide a place to raise their offspring Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea The word berry has two meanings one based on a botanical definition the other on common identification Sprouting is the practice of soaking draining and then rinsing seeds at regular intervals until they Germinate, or sprout Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. Its powerful jaws can crack open nuts. The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. Much of the Sun Bear's food must be detected using its keen sense of smell, as its sight is poor. Olfaction (also known as olfactics or smell) refers to the Sense of smell.
Lifestyle and reproduction
The sun bear does not hibernate, and, as a result, it can reproduce year-round. For the ability of certain operating systems see Hibernate (OS feature Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression It is not uncommon for it to give birth to two cubs at a time weighing approximately 10–12 oz (280–340 g) each. Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or The gestation period is about 96 days, but suckling can continue for about 18 months. Gestation is the carrying of an Embryo or Fetus inside a Female Viviparous Animal. The offspring reach sexual maturity after 3-4 years and live up to 28 years in captivity. Sexual maturity is the age or stage when an Organism can reproduce.
Being a primarily nocturnal creature, the sun bear tends to rest during the day on lower limbs not far above the ground. As an Animal behavior, nocturnality describes sleeping during the Daytime and being active at Night - the opposite of the diurnal Because it spends so much time in trees, the sun bear can sometimes cause a good amount of damage to private property. It has been known to destroy coconut palms and cocoa trees on plantations. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made Fundamentally a plantation is usually a large Farm or estate, especially in a tropical or semitropical country on which Cotton, Tobacco
Threats
Adult sun bears have almost no predators except humans, due to their fierce reputation and formidable teeth. [5] Occasionally it may be overwhelmed by tigers and by large reticulated pythons. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus Common names reticulated python regal python Asiatic reticulated python Possible predators may include the leopard, the clouded leopard, and maybe even the former's larger sympatric relative, the Asiatic black bear. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring The Clouded Leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa) is a medium-sized cat, 55 to 110 cm (2 ft to 3 ft 6 in long and weighing between 15 and 23 kg (33 to 50 lb Sympatric speciation is the genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species inhabiting the same geographic region such that those populations become different [3] The bear's loose skin on its neck allows it to wriggle its body inside its skin, far enough to turn around and bite its attacker when grabbed there. The recent decline in the sun bear population can be largely attributed to the hunting of "nuisance bears" that destroy crops and poaching driven by the market for their fur and for their bile, which is used in Chinese medicine. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Nuisance wildlife management is the term given to the process of selective removal of problem individuals or populations of certain species of wildlife Poaching is the illegal Hunting, Fishing or Harvesting of wild plants or animals Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China. Sometimes, Sun Bears are captured or bred to be domestic pets--a role for which they are considered desirable, due to their relatively inoffensive nature and small size in compared with other bears[6]. The IUCN reclassified the sun bear from "data deficient" to "vulnerable" status in 2007[7]. Data Deficient ( DD) is a category applied by the IUCN to a species when the available information is not sufficient for a proper assessment of Conservation status A vulnerable species is a Species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve
Subspecies
- Helarctos malayanus malayanus
- Helarctos malayanus euryspilus, found only on the island of Borneo. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located at the centre of Maritime Southeast Asia.
References
- ^ Bear Specialist Group (1996). Helarctos malayanus. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2007. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ a b Brown, Gary (1996). Great Bear Almanac, pp. 340. ISBN 1558214747.
- ^ a b Fredriksson, Gabriella M. (2005). "Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 53: 165-168.
- ^ Sun Bear at Arktofile
- ^ http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-sun_bear.html
- ^ Bunnell, Fred (1984). in Macdonald, D. : The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File, 97. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ Concern grows for the smallest bear, BBC News, accessed 2007-11-12
External links
- ARKive - images and movies of the Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)
- Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Sun Bear writeup at the San Diego Zoo Web site
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