| Comune di Sulmona | |
|---|---|
 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Abruzzo |
| Province | L'Aquila (AQ) |
| Mayor | Luciana Crisi (Commissario prefettizio) |
| Elevation | 405 m (1,329 ft) |
| Area | 58. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of L'Aquila ( Provincia dell'Aquila) is the largest most mountainous and least densely populated province of the Abruzzo region of 33 km² (23 sq mi) |
| Population (as of December 31, 2004) | |
| - Total | 25,419 |
| - Density | 436/km² (1,129/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Sulmonesi or Sulmontini |
| Dialing code | 0864 |
| Postal code | 67039 |
| Frazioni | Abazia di Sulmona, Albanese, Arabona, Badia, Bagnaturo, Banchette, Case Di Censo, Case Lupi, Cavate, Colle Savente, Fonte d'Amore, Marane, Monte Morrone Scavi, Pietre Reggie, Ponte Nuovo, San Rufino, Torrone, Vallecorvo |
| Patron | San Panfilo |
| - Day | April 28 |
| Website: www.comune.sulmona.aq.it | |
Sulmona (Latin: Sulmo; Greek: Σουλμῶν) is a city and commune of the province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo, Italy, with around 25,000 inhabitants. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in The Province of L'Aquila ( Provincia dell'Aquila) is the largest most mountainous and least densely populated province of the Abruzzo region of Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It is situated in the valley of the Gizio, in a spacious basin formed by the junction of that river with several minor streams. In ancient times, it was one of the most important cities of the Paeligni and is known for being the native town of Ovid, of whom there is a bronze statue in the square known as Piazza XX Settembre located on the town's main road also under his name. The Paeligni or Peligni were a people of ancient Italy, first mentioned as a member of a confederacy which included the Marsi, Marrucini and Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including Public square and city square redirect here For Public Square Cleveland see Public Square and for City Square in Leeds see Leeds City Square.
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History
Ancient era
There is no doubt that ancient Sulmo was one of the principal cities of the Peligni, as an independent tribe, but no notice of it is found in history before the Roman conquest. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC A tradition alluded to by Ovid and Silius Italicus, which ascribed its foundation to Solymus, a Phrygian and one of the companions of Aeneas, is evidently a mere etymological fiction (Ovid, Fast. Silius Italicus, in full Tiberius Catius Silius Italicus (25 or 26 - 101 was a Latin epic Poet. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. This article is about the Roman hero For other uses see Aeneas (disambiguation. iv. 79; Sil. Ital. ix. 70-76. ) The first mention of Sulmo occurs in the Second Punic War, when its territory was ravaged by Hannibal in 211 BCE, but without attacking the city itself. The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash Events By place Seleucid Empire Antiochus III's sister arranges for the removal of Armenia 's king Xerxes, whom she (Livy xxvi. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome 11. ) Its name is not noticed during the Social War, in which the Paeligni took so prominent a part; but according to Florus, it suffered severely in the subsequent civil war between Sulla and Gaius Marius, having been destroyed by the former as a punishment for its attachment to his rival. This article is about the conflict between Rome and her Italian allies between 91 and 88 BC For the Athenian conflict with its allies between 357 and 355 BC see Florus, Roman Historian, lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c This article is about the Roman statesman who reorganized the army and was seven times Consul (Flor. iii. 21. ) The expressions of that rhetorical writer are not, however, to be construed literally, and it is more probable that Sulmo was confiscated and its lands assigned by Sulla to a body of his soldiers. (Zumpt, de Colon. p. 261. ) At all events it is certain that Sulmo was a well-peopled and considerable town in 49 BCE, when it was occupied by Domitius Calvinus with a garrison of seven cohorts; but the citizens, who were favourably affected to Julius Caesar, opened their gates to his lieutenant Al. Year 49 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus was a Roman General, senator and Consul (both in 53 BC and 40 BC who was a loyal Partisan of Caesar Antonius as soon as he appeared before the place. (Caes. B. C. i. 18; Cic. ad Att. Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman viii. 4, 12 a. )
Nothing more is known historically of Sulmo, which, however, appears to have always continued to be a considerable provincial town. Ovid speaks of it as one of the three municipal towns whose districts composed the territory of the Paeligni ("Peligni pars tertia ruris", Amor. ii. 16. 1): and this is confirmed both by Pliny and the Liber Coloniarum; yet it does not seem to have ever been a large place, and Ovid himself designates it as a small provincial town. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author (Amor. iii. 15. ) From the Liber Coloniarum we learn also that it had received a colony, probably in the time of Augustus (Plin. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was iii. 12. s. 17; Lib. Colon. pp. 229, 260); though Pliny does not give it the title of a Colonia. Inscriptions, as well as the geographers and Itineraries, attest its continued existence as a municipal town throughout the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial (Strabo v. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. p. 241; Ptol. iii. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca 1. § 64; Tab. Peut.; Orell. The Tabula Peutingeriana ( Peutinger table) is an Itinerarium showing the Cursus publicus, the road network in the Roman Empire. Inscr. 3856; Mommsen, Inscr. Mommsen is a surname and may refer to one of a family of German historians see Mommsen family: Theodor Mommsen Tycho Mommsen R. N. pp. 287-289. )
The chief celebrity of Sulmo is derived from its having been the birthplace of Ovid, who repeatedly alludes to it as such, and celebrates its salubrity, and the numerous streams of clear and perennial water in which its neighbourhood abounded. But, like the whole district of the Paeligni, it was extremely cold in winter, whence Ovid himself, and Silius Italicus in imitation of him, calls it "gelidus Sulmo" (Ovid, Fast. iv. 81, Trist. iv. 10. 3, Amor. ii. 16; Sil. Ital. viii. 511. ) Its territory was fertile, both in corn and wine, and one district of it, the Pagus Fabianus, is particularly mentioned by Pliny (xvii. 26. s. 43) for the care bestowed on the irrigation of the vineyards.
Middle Ages and Renaissance
Traditionally, the beginning of the Christian age in Sulmona is set in the 3rd century AD. The city was part of the diocese of Valva, while a Sulmonese bishop is known from the 5th century.
Sulmona became a free commune under the Normans. The Italo-Normans, or Siculo-Normans when referring to Sicily, were the Italian -born descendants of the first Norman conquerors to travel to Under Frederick II of Hohenstaufen the town received an aqueduct, one of the most important construction of the era in the Abruzzo; the emperor made it the capital of a large province, as well the seat of a tribunal and of a fair, which it however lost with the arrival of the Angevines. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title Angevin (ˈændʒəvɪn ( French, from Old French, from Medieval Latin Andegavinus from Andegavia Anjou, France) is the name applied Despite that, it continued to expand and a new line of walls was added in the 14th century.
In the 16th century a flourishing industry of paper was started.
Modern history
In 1706 the city was nearly razed to the ground by an earthquake. While, much of the medieval city was destroyed by the earthquake, some remarkable buildings survive such as the Church of Santa Maria della Tomba, the Palazzo Annunziata, the Aqueduct and the Gothic portal on Corso Ovidio. Much of the city was then rebuilt in the prevailing elegant Baroque style of the 18th Century. Sulmona experienced an economic boom in the late 19th Century due its railway hub and strategic geographic position between Rome and the Adriatic coast. This strategic position also made it a target for air raids during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The railway station, the industrial sections and parts of the old town were damaged, but today they have been mostly restored.
Campo 78
Campo 78 at Sulmona served as a POW camp in both world wars. During World War I, it housed Austrian prisoners captured in the Isonzo and Trentino campaigns; during World War II, it was home to as many as 3,000 British and Commonwealth officers and other ranks captured in North Africa. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All " Battles of the Isonzo " were a series of battles between the Austria-Hungarian and Italian armies in World War I.
The camp itself was built on a hillside and consisted of a number of brick barracks surrounded by a high wall. During World War II, conditions in Sulmona, as in many Italian camps, were good, especially in the two officers’ compounds. Regular rations of macaroni soup and bread were augmented by fresh fruit and cheese in the summer, and food parcels from the International Committee of the Red Cross were distributed regularly. "ICRC" redirects here For other uses see ICRC (disambiguation. For recreation, the prisoners laid out a football field, and they also had equipment for cricket and basketball. There was a theater, a small lending library, at least one band, and a newspaper produced by a group of prisoners.
In September 1943, as the Italian government neared collapse, the inmates of Sulmona heard rumors that the evacuation of the camp was imminent. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They awoke one morning to discover that their guards had deserted them. On 14 September, German troops arrived to escort the prisoners northwards, to captivity in Germany, but not before hundreds of them had escaped into the hills. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
Main sights for Tourism & History
Sulmona has various piazzas, churches and palaces of historical and tourist interest. Some of these include:
- Cattedrale di San Panfilo. The city's cathedral, sitting on the northwest side of the old city and was built on the site of a Roman temple. It contains a crypt which retains its Romanesque appearance despite the 18th Century renovation of the main church.
- Piazza XX Settembre. One of the main squares of the city, including a bronze statue of the Roman poet Ovid. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including
- Corso Ovidio. The city's main thoroughfare connects the cathedral and the major piazzas and is lined by elegant covered arcades, shops, cafes, palaces and churches.
- Palazzo Annunziata and Chiesa della SS. Annunziata. The Palace contains a fine museum showing the Roman history of the city as well as various artifacts. The church is a fine example of Baroque architecture and has a beautiful interior and bell tower.
- Piazza Garibaldi is the largest square in town with a large baroque era fountain. A Palio style medieval festival and horse race known as the Giostra Cavalleresca takes place here every year in the Summer. At Easter, crowds gather to witness the Madonna che Scappa. This ceremony involves the procession of a statue of the Madonna who is carried across the square while the bearers run to encounter a statue of the resurrected Christ on the other side of the square. On the south side of the Piazza is the 12th Century Gothic aqueduct. The square hosts a market twice a week on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
The remains of the ancient city are of little interest as ruins, but indicate the existence of a considerable town; among them are the vestiges of an amphitheatre, a theatre, and thermae, all of them located outside the gates of the modern city. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances About 3 km from here, at the foot of the Monte Morrone, are some ruins of reticulated masonry, probably belonging to a Roman villa, traditionally believed to be Ovid's. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand
Confetti
Sulmona is the home of the Italian confectionery known as confetti. These are delicious sugar coated almonds and are traditionally given to friends and relatives on weddings and other special occasions. Confetti can be eaten or simply used as decoration. The local artisans also color these candies and craft them into flowers and other creations. There are two main factories in town and several shops that sell these items.
Twin towns
References
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Burghausen is the largest City in the Altötting district of Oberbayern in Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, first published in 1854, was the last of a series of classical dictionaries edited by the English scholar Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents
External links
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