Sulfur tetrafluoride
IUPAC name	Sulfur(IV) fluoride
Other names	Sulfur tetrafluoride
Identifiers
CAS number	[7783-60-0]
RTECS number	WT4800000
Properties
Molecular formula	SF4
Molar mass	108. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 07 g/mol
Appearance	colorless gas
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 95 g cm−3, −78 °C
Melting point	−121. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 0 °C
Boiling point	−38 °C
Solubility in water	decomp
Structure
Coordination geometry	C2v
Dipole moment	0. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. The term coordination geometry is used in a number of related fields of chemistry and solid state chemistry/physics In physics there are two kinds of dipoles ( Hellènic: di(s- = two- and pòla = pivot hinge An electric dipole is a 632 D[1]
Hazards
Main hazards	highly toxic corrosive
NFPA 704	4 2 W
R-phrases	14-26-34-37
S-phrases	26-36/37/39-38-45
Related compounds
Related compounds	SeF4 SF6 SCl2 S2Cl2 Me2NSF3
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Sulfur tetrafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula SF₄. The debye (symbol D) is a non- SI, CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. Selenium tetrafluoride ( Se[[Fluorine F4]] is a Chemical compound. Sulfur hexafluoride is an Inorganic compound with the formula. Sulfur dichloride is the Chemical compound with the formula SCl2 Disulfur dichloride is the Chemical compound with the formula S2Cl2 In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. This species exists as a gas at standard conditions. It is a corrosive species that releases dangerous HF upon exposure to water or moisture. Hydrofluoric acid is a Solution of Hydrogen fluoride in Water. Despite these unwelcome characteristics, this compound is a useful reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds,^[2] some of which are important in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries. A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds that contain Carbon - Fluorine bonds The relatively low reactivity and high polarity of the carbon-fluorine bond imparts Aside from SF₄, two other "binary" sulfur fluorides are well known, SF₆ and S₂F₁₀. Sulfur hexafluoride is an Inorganic compound with the formula. Disulfur decafluoride (S2F10 is a gas discovered in 1934 by Denbigh and Whytlaw-Gray

Structure of the SF₄ molecule

Sulfur in SF₄ is in the formal 4+ oxidation state. In Chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of Oxidation of an Atom in a Chemical compound. Of sulfur's total of six valence electrons, two form a "lone pair. In chemistry valence electrons are the Electrons contained in the outermost or valence, Electron shell of an Atom. " The structure of SF₄ can therefore be anticipated using the principles of VSEPR theory: it is a see-saw shape, with S at the center. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR theory (1957 is a model in Chemistry, which is used for predicting the shapes of individual Molecules based Seesaw is a type of Molecular geometry where the central atom has one lone pair of electrons and there are four bonding groups also connected to that central atom One of the three equatorial positions is occupied by a nonbonding lone pair of electrons. lone pair is a (valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other Atoms They are found in the outermost Electron shell of an atom so lone pairs Ignoring this lone pair, SF₄ has a see-saw molecular geometry. A seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) is a long narrow board suspended in the middle so that as one end goes up the other goes down Molecular geometry or molecular structure is the three- Dimensional arrangement of the Atoms that constitute a Molecule. Consequently, the molecule has two distinct types of F ligands, two axial and two equatorial. The relevant bond distances are S-F_ax = 1. 643 Å and S-F_eq = 1. 542 Å. It is typical for the axial ligands in hypervalent molecules to be bonded less strongly. A hypervalent molecule is a Molecule that contains one or more typical elements ( group 1 2 13-18 formally bearing more than eight Electrons in their In contrast to SF₄, the related molecule SF₆ has sulfur in the 6+ state, no valence electrons remain nonbonding on sulfur, hence the molecule adopts a highly symmetrical octahedral structure. Further contrasting with SF₄, SF₆ is extraordinarily inert chemically.

The¹⁹F NMR spectrum of SF₄ reveals only one signal, which indicates that the axial and equatorial F atom positions rapidly interconvert via "pseudorotation. "^[3]

Intramolecular dynamic equilibration of SF₄.

Synthesis and manufacture

SF₄ is produced by the reaction of SCl₂, Cl₂, and NaF:

SCl₂ + Cl₂ + 4NaF → SF₄ + 4NaCl

Interestingly, treatment of SCl₂ with NaF also affords SF₄, not SF₂. Sulfur dichloride is the Chemical compound with the formula SCl2 Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Sodium fluoride is the Chemical compound with the formula NaF SF₂ is unstable, it condenses with itself to form SF₄ and SSF₂.

Use of SF₄ for the synthesis of fluorocarbons

In organic synthesis, SF₄ is used to convert COH and C=O groups into CF and CF₂ groups, respectively. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic ^[4] Certain alcohols readily give the corresponding fluorocarbon. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds that contain Carbon - Fluorine bonds The relatively low reactivity and high polarity of the carbon-fluorine bond imparts Ketones and aldehydes give geminal difluorides. A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the Functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group (O=C linked to two other Carbon atoms or An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl group. The presence of protons alpha to the carbonyl leads to side reactions and diminished (30- 40%) yield. Also diols can give cyclic sulfite esters, (RO)₂SO. Carboxylic acids convert to trifluoromethyl derivatives. For example treatment of heptanoic acid with SF₄ at 100-130 °C produces 1,1,1-trifluoroheptane. The coproducts from these fluorinations, including unreacted SF₄ together with SOF₂ and SO₂, are toxic but can be neutralized by their treatment with aqueous KOH.

The use of SF₄ is being superseded in recent years by the more conveniently handled diethylaminosulfur trifluoride, Et₂NSF₃, "DAST," where Et = CH₃CH₂. Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST is the Organosulfur compound with the formula Et2NSF3 ^[5] This reagent is prepared from SF₄:^[6]

SF₄ + Me₃SiNEt₂ → Et₂NSF₃ + Me₃SiF

References