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Sukkur
 General Information
 Country Pakistan
 Province Sindh
 Coordinates 28°05′02″N 68°43′47″E / 28.08389, 68.72972Coordinates: 28°05′02″N 68°43′47″E / 28.08389, 68.72972
 Elevation 67 m (220 ft) AMSL
 Area 5,165 km² (1,994 sq mi)
 Calling code 071
 Time zone PST (UTC+5)
 No. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Currently the internationally recognized territory of Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces and two territories Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A telephone number or phone number is a sequence of numbers used to call from one Telephone line to another in a Telephone network. Pakistan Standard Time (PST is the time zone for Pakistan. It is usually 5 hours ahead of GMT though as of June 1 2008 it is 6 hours ahead due to the use of DST to help decrease UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. of Towns 4
 Estimate over 1 million [1] (2006)
 Density 175. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan The word million In standard English, the -lli- in million is pronounced with an l-sound followed by a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (456/sq mi)
 Government
 Nazim (Mayor) Nasir Hussain Shah
 No. A nazim ( Urdu: ناظم, from the word for "organizer" or "convenor" (similar to Mayor) is the coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan of Union Councils 1
 Location
Sukkur (Pakistan )
Sukkur
Sukkur
Sukkur (Pakistan )
  
Sukkur District Government Website

Sukkur (Urdu:سکھر, Sindhi:سکر), formerly Aror (Sanskrit: अरोड, Urdu: اروڑ), is the third largest city of Sindh province, situated on the west bank of Indus River (Pakistan) in Sukkur District. A Union Council or village council in Pakistan is an elected Local government body consisting of 21 councillors and headed by a Nazim (which is equivalent Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia Alor or Aror ( Urdu: الور) is medieval name of city of Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Sukkur district ( talqa) in Sindh Province in Pakistan is divided into 5 administrative strata ( tehsils) namely Sukkur City New Sukkur When Arabs invaded Sukkur (Sindh) in the 10th century, they found an extreme climate (hot and cold), and called it Saqar, which means intense. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Sukkur is nicknamed Darya Dino (درياءَ ڏنو ,meaning the gift of river), as without the Indus the would be a desert. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd

Contents

Administration

The city of Sukkur, as well as being district headquarters, is the capital of Sukkur Taluka and contains one Union Council. Sukkur City Taluka is an administrative subdivision ( taluka) of Sukkur District in the Sindh province of Pakistan, the city of Sukkur A Union Council or village council in Pakistan is an elected Local government body consisting of 21 councillors and headed by a Nazim (which is equivalent [2]

Geography & climate

A Satellite Image of River Indus near Sukkur by NASA
A Satellite Image of River Indus near Sukkur by NASA

The district of Sukkur (whose name is derived from its head quarter Sukkur city) covers an area of 5,165 square kilometres. Geographically it is spanned from 27°05' to 28°02' north latitudes and from 68°47' to 69°43' east longitudes. The city of Sukkur is located at an altitude of 220 feet (67 m) from sea level, having terrestrial coordinates 68°52' east and 27°42' north. It is also the narrowest point of the lower Indus course.

Sukkur district shares northern border with Shikarpur and (recently constituted) Kashmore districts. Shikarpur or Shakkarpur may refer to Shikarpur Pakistan Shikarpur District towns in India Shikarpur Kashmore ( Urdu: کشمور) is a city in Kashmore District, Sindh, Pakistan. Ghotki is located on the north-eastern side while Khairpur on the south. Ghotki (گھوٹکی Ghotki is a town of Northern Sindh, Pakistan. Khairpur or Khayrpur may refer to Khairpur Pakistan Khayrpur (princely state, a former subdivision of Pakistan extant 1775&ndash1955 Sukkur also shares its border with India (Jaisalmer, Rajasthan). India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This article is about the city of India For historical region and state see also Jaisalmer state Jaisalmer ( Hindi: जैसालमेर nicknamed Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Sukkur is also connected by road air with all major cities of Pakistan.

The climate of the Sukkur is characterized by hot and hazy weather during summer days while dry and cold in winter. During January, temperature ranges from 7 to 22 °C (44 to 71 °F). The summer (month of June before monsoon) temperature averages 35 °C (95 °F) though it often reaches up to 52°C (107 °F). Generally the summer season commences in March - April and ends before October. The average rainfall of the district is 88 mm, (ranges from 0. 59 mm to 25. 62 mm) per annum.

History

Sukkur on the west bank of the River Indus
Sukkur on the west bank of the River Indus

Sukkur has been an important strategic centre and trading route from time immemorial. Alor (or Aror, Sukkur) held the status of capital under the reign of Musikanos, when Alexander invaded India in 326 BCE. Alor may refer to Alor Archipelago, Indonesia Alor Island, Indonesia Alor Strait, Indonesia Alor or Aror ( Urdu: الور) is medieval name of city of Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The ruins of this ancient town still exist, 8 km east of Rohri, in Sukkur district. Rohri ( Sindhi:روهڙي, Urdu:روہڑی) is a town of Sukkur District, Sindh province Pakistan. In 711 CE, the Arabs invaded Sindh, led by 17 years old Muhammad bin Qasim, and Sukkur (including all of Sindh and lower Punjab) became part of the Umayyad Caliphate. Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi Later Mughals and many semi-autonomous tribes ruled over Sukkur. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most The city was ceded to Mirs of Khairpur between 1809 and 1824. Khairpur or Khayrpur may refer to Khairpur Pakistan Khayrpur (princely state, a former subdivision of Pakistan extant 1775&ndash1955 In 1833, Shah Shuja (a warlord of Kandahar, Afghanistan) defeated the Talpurs near Sukkur and later made a solemn treaty with the Talpur ruler, by which he relinquished all claims on Sindh. Shuja Shah Durrani (also known as Shah Shujah, Shoja Shah, Shujah al-Mulk) (c For the 2001 film see Kandahar (film; for the Kandahar meteorite of 1959 see Meteorite falls; for the places in Azerbaijan see Cəndəhar and Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Talpur ( Sindhi: ٽالپور ( Urdu: تالپور is a Baloch tribe and is settled in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan Talpur ( Sindhi: ٽالپور ( Urdu: تالپور is a Baloch tribe and is settled in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan In 1843, the British (General Charles James Napier) defeated the Talpurs at the battles of Miani and Dubbo near Hyderabad , Sukkur along with the rest of Sindh was under British rule until the independence of Pakistan in 1947. For the naval officer of the same name see Charles Napier General Sir Charles James Napier GCB ( August 10 The Battle of Miani ( February 17, 1843) was a battle between British forces under Sir Charles Napier and the Talpur Amirs Dubbo is a city in the Central West Region of New South Wales, Australia. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The (current) district of Sukkur was constituted in 1901 out of part of Shikarpur District, the remainder of which was formed into the Larkana District. Shikarpur district ( Urdu: شڪارپور) is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan, the city of Shikarpur is the Larkana or Larkano ( Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو Urdu: لاڑکانہ) is a district of Sindh province of Pakistan. Sukkur saw a significant socio-economic uplift after the 1930s, when the British built the world largest barrage here on te Indus River. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd After independence of Pakistan, thousands of Muslim immigrants arrived in Sukkur while a much larger number of Hindus left for India. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

Demography

A historic image of Rohri - Sukkur
A historic image of Rohri - Sukkur

At the time of Pakistan's independence in 1947, Sukkur district was comprised approximately 200,000 habitants, mostly engaged in agricultural pursuits and fishing industry. Rohri ( Sindhi:روهڙي, Urdu:روہڑی) is a town of Sukkur District, Sindh province Pakistan. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Over time, Sukkur has seen a moderate rise in population (2 to 2. 5% per annum) as compare to Pakistan's, except in late 60s and early 70s when population growth rate reached 4. 43% (1972 census) due to internal migration and establishment of some large bridges on river Indus. According to official census of 1998, Sukkur has 908370 habitants and density of 175. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 9 persons per square kilometre. The current estimate (on the basis of 2. 88% annual growth) shows that Sukkur population has surpassed 1 million.

+Sukkur Population Growth since 1951
Census year → 1951 1961 1972 1981 1998 2007
Population 218,320 272,270 451,290 560,570 908,370 1,808,740
Annual growth (%)   2. 25 4. 43 2. 60 2. 88 10. 02

Sukkur is chiefly dominated by Muslims that constitute 96% of the total population, of which, the Shia form a clear majority. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion But it also has relatively greater proportion of Hindus and Christians than the rest of the country, Hindus, mostly settled in urban areas and engaged in trade and services sector. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Ethnically Sindhis share the biggest segment of population (84%), followed by Muhajirs (07%). Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. Sukkur is also domicile of many BalochBaloch tribes, including, Rind, Chandio, Gabol, Khoso and Leghari. The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Amongst others like Syed, Soomro,Mangrio, Phulpoto and many more. Soomro ( Sindhi: سومرو) is the name of a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Pakistan. Mangrio ( مڱريو) Urdu: منگریو) is the most community ( ذﺍت) or common tribe of Sindhis living in Pakistan There are Memon, Punjabi and Siraiki sections. Memon (મેમણ میمن मेमन an Ethnic group originating from Pakistan and India trace their roots largely to Sindh,a province Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Sarāikī ( Perso-Arabic: سراییکی Gurmukhi: ਸਰਾਇਕੀ Devanagari: सराइकी commonly spelled Seraiki also Siraiki is Traditionally Memons were associated with trade and retail business but during last two decades they have ascended as an active social and economic front. Memon (મેમણ میمن मेमन an Ethnic group originating from Pakistan and India trace their roots largely to Sindh,a province Soomro are basically associated with educational and social fields for its development they perform steps ahead day and night.

Education

Sukkur has many renowned colleges and academic institutions, some of important names include;

Sukkur Barrage

The Sukkur Barrage have 66 Gates. The Sukkur barrage (formally called Lloyd Barrage), built under British Raj on the Indus river, controls one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. The Sukkur barrage is a Barrage across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd The work for the bridge was started in 1923 and completed in January 1932. The 5000 feet long barrage is made of yellow stone and steel and can water nearly 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of farmland through its large seven canals. Some of the canals are larger than the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation

In November 2004, the government of Pakistan initiated a rehabilitation project to revitalize its water storage capacity and distribution efficiency. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The project completed in July 2005, (with less than the allocated amount of Rs. 887 million). Experts believe that the rehabilitation of the barrage has enhanced its efficiency for another 60 to 70 years.

Economy

Industry

Sukkur is a hub of many small and large scale industries. Among important industries are cotton textiles, cement, leather, tobacco, paint and varnish, pharmaceuticals, agriculture implements, hand pumps, lock making, rice-husking, and sugar. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp In the most general sense of the word a cement is a binder a substance which sets and hardens independently and can bind other materials together Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Small-scale cottage industries comprise hosiery, boat making, fishing accessories, thread ball spooling, trunk making brass-wares, cutlery and ceramics. Hosiery is knitted coverings for the legs and feet Also referred to as legwear hosiery describes garments worn directly on the feet and Legs The term For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Cutlery refers to any hand Implement used in preparing serving and especially eating Food in the Western world. The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός ( keramikos)

Agriculture

Sukkur had a large fertile and cultivable land till few decades ago, when the Indus river was not as barren as today. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd Now its agricultural productivity has much reduced. It could not achieve reasonable yield per unit area over time, on account of continuous shortage of water and ignorance of modern irrigation system. Despite lack of water, during kharif, rice, bajra, cotton tomatoes and peas are cultivated whereas during rabi main crops are wheat, barley, gram and melons. Sukkur is famous world over, for its delicious dates. Sukkur also holds a large number of Riveraine forest on the course of Indus. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria These tropical forests are found within the protective embankments on either side of Indus. During 1997-98 the total area under forests was 510 km² which yielded 55,000 cubic feet (1600 m³) of timber and 27000 cubic feet (760 m³) of firewood besides other miner products. Firewood was the primary source of fuel until the 1800s when it was displaced by coal and later by oil

Sites of interest

Sadh Belo ساڌ ٻيلو Temple on river Indus
Sadh Belo ساڌ ٻيلو Temple on river Indus

Notable people

References

Syed Nasir Hussain Shah ( district nazim sukkur)

  1. ^ Stefan Helders, World Gazetteer. "Karachi". Retrieved on 2006-04-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
  2. ^ Union Administrations of Taluka Sukkur

See also

External links

Alor or Aror ( Urdu: الور) is medieval name of city of Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Hemu Kalani ( Sindhi:هيمو ڪالاڻي was a Hindu Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter Sukkur Airport is a domestic airport situated about 8 km away from the city centre of Sukkur in the Sukkur District in the Sindh province of Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.
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