Su-27
Su-27UB from Russian Knights aerobatic team
Type	Air superiority fighter
Manufacturer	Sukhoi Design Bureau
Maiden flight	20 May 1977
Introduced	December 1984
Primary users	Russian Air Force Chinese Air Force Ukrainian Air Force Indian Air Force
Produced	1984-current
Number built	680
Unit cost	US$35 million
Variants	Su-30 Su-33 Su-34 Su-35 Su-37

The Sukhoi Su-27 (Су-27 in the Cyrillic alphabet) (NATO reporting name 'Flanker') is a jet fighter plane originally manufactured by the Soviet Union, and designed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. The Russian Knights (Русские Витязи are an Aerobatic demonstration team of the Russian Air Force. An air superiority fighter is a type of Fighter aircraft intended to enter and seize control of enemy airspace An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Sukhoi ( Сухой) is a major Russian manufacturer famous for its fighters The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF ( is the Aviation branch of the People's Liberation Army, the Military of the People's Republic of The Ukrainian Air Force (Повітряні Сили України Povitryani Syly Ukrayiny) is a part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Indian Air Force (Devanāgarī भारतीय वायु सेना IAST Bhartiya Vāyu Senā is the air arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Sukhoi ( Сухой) is a major Russian manufacturer famous for its fighters It was intended as a direct competitor for the new generation of American fighters (which emerged as the F-14 Tomcat, F-15 Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, and F/A-18 Hornet), with long range, heavy armament, and very high agility. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Su-27 most often flies air superiority missions, but is able to perform almost all combat operations. Air superiority is the dominance in the Air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a Military campaign. Its closest American counterpart is the F-15 Eagle.

From the Su-27 design came several developments that were made:

• The Su-33 'Flanker-D' is a Fleet Defense Interceptor that was developed from the Su-27 design for use on aircraft carriers. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with Main differences include a tail hook and canards. A tailhook, also arresting hook or arrestor hook, is a device attached to the Empennage (rear of an Aircraft. In Aeronautics, canard ( French for Duck) is an airframe configuration of Fixed-wing aircraft in which the Tailplane is ahead of the Given the purpose of this interceptor, one would say that its closest counterpart is the American F-14 Tomcat, whereas the MiG-29K 'Fulcrum-D' would be analogous to the F/A-18 Hornet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• The Su-30 is a two-seat, dual-role fighter for all-weather, air-to-air and deep interdiction missions. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Further versions include the Su-34 'Fullback' strike variant and the Su-35 'Flanker-E' improved air defense fighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Contents 1 Development 1.1 Background 1.2 Design phase 2 Design 3 Combat service 4 Variants 4.1 Soviet-era 4.2 Post-Soviet era 5 Operators 6 Specifications (Sukhoi Su-27) 7 Incidents and accidents 8 Popular culture 9 References 10 See also 11 External links

Development

Background

In 1969 the Soviet Union learned of the United States Air Force's selection of McDonnell Douglas to produce the Fighter Experimental design (which was to become the F-15 Eagle). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1969: Events The Canadian Snowbirds Aerobatic team is formed The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft In response to that upcoming threat, the Soviets instituted the PFI (perspektivnyi frontovoy istrebitel, Advanced Frontline Fighter) program for an aircraft that could match the new American fighter on its own terms.

When the specification proved too challenging and costly for a single aircraft in the number needed, the PFI specification was split into two: the LPFI (Lyogkyi PFI, Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (Tyazholyi PFI, Heavy PFI), just as the F-15 program spawned the Lightweight Fighter (LWF) program that produced the F-16 and YF-17 Cobra. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Sukhoi OKB was assigned the TPFI program.

Design phase

The Sukhoi design, which was altered progressively to reflect Soviet awareness of the F-15's specifications, emerged as the T-10 (Sukhoi's 10th delta wing design), which first flew on 20 May 1977. The delta wing is a Wing Planform in the form of a triangle named after the Greek uppercase delta which is a triangle (Δ Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1977: Events January January 15 – A Skyline Sweden Vickers The aircraft had a large delta wing, clipped, with two separate podded engines and a twin tail. The word nacelle is derived from the Old French nacele, which means a small Boat or Dinghy, which was in turn derived from the A twin tail is a specific type of Vertical stabilizer arrangement found on some Aircraft. The 'tunnel' between the two engines, as on the F-14 Tomcat, acts both as an additional lifting surface and hides armament from radar. While being developed, it was spotted by a spy satellite at the Zhukovsky flight test center near the town of Ramenskoe, resulting in the temporary codename of Ram-K. A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite) is an Earth observation satellite or Communications satellite deployed for Ramenskoye (Ра́менское is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located 46 km south-east of Moscow. It was believed that the Ram-K was being developed in two versions: a swing-wing fighter similar in function to the Grumman F-14 and a two-seat fixed wing interceptor aircraft which in fact turned out to be the unrelated Mikoyan MiG-31. A Variable-sweep wing is an Aeroplane Wing that may be swept back and then returned to its original position during flight An interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of Fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy Aircraft, particularly For the fictional aircraft of the novel and movie "Firefox", see Mikoyan MiG-31 (fictional.

The T-10 was spotted by Western observers and assigned the NATO reporting name 'Flanker-A'). NATO reporting names are unclassified Code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc ( Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw pact The T-10's development was marked by considerable problems, leading to a fatal crash on 7 May 1978. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1978: Events January January 1 - British Aircraft Corporation Extensive redesigns followed, and a heavily revised version, the T-10S, made its first flight on 20 April 1981. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1981: Events January January 3 - Pan Am makes its final This, too, had considerable developmental problems, leading to another fatal crash on 23 December 1981. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1981: Events January January 3 - Pan Am makes its final

The production Su-27 (sometimes Su-27S, NATO designation 'Flanker-B') began to enter VVS operational service around 1984, although manufacturing difficulties kept it from appearing in strength until 1986. The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1984: Events February February 21 - 14 hours and 2 minutes after taking This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1986: Events January January 9 - the UK Defence Secretary Michael The Su-27 served with both the PVO and Frontal Aviation. Voyska PVO ( Russian: Войска ПВО or PVO Strany until 1981 was the Air defense branch of the Soviet military The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye In V-PVO service it was primarily an interceptor, supplanting older aircraft like the Sukhoi Su-15 and Tupolev Tu-28. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Although the 'Flanker' has some capacity to carry air-to-ground weapons, in Frontal Aviation service its primary role was neither air support nor battlefield air superiority--it was intended as a sort of aerial interdictor, tasked with fighting its way past enemy (presumably NATO) lines to strike tanker and AWACS aircraft. The North Atlantic Treaty Aerial refueling, also called air refueling, in-flight refueling ( IFR) air-to-air refueling ( AAR) or tanking, is Soviet planners knew that NATO forces possessed a considerable advantage because of these assets, and believed that attacking them directly would limit NATO's ability to maintain an extended air campaign. The Su-27 retains that role in CIS service, with later marks being equipped to carry the new Novator KS-172 AAM-L long-range anti-AWACS missile. The Novator KS-172 AAM-L (also known as R-172 or 172S-1) is an extremely long-range Air-to-air missile developed in Russia.

From 1986 a special Su-27 designated P-42, rebuilt from the prototype T-10S-3 aircraft and stripped to minimum weight, began to set the first in a series of performance records for rate of climb and altitude, the aircraft setting 27 new class records between 1986 and 1988.

Design

The Su-27's basic design is aerodynamically similar to the MiG-29, but it is substantially larger. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It is a very large aircraft, and to minimize its weight its structure has a high percentage of titanium (about 30%, more than any of its contemporaries). Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 No composite materials were used. The swept wing blends into the fuselage at the leading edge extensions and is essentially a delta, although the tips are cropped for wingtip missile rails or ECM pods. A swept-wing is a wing Planform common on high-speed Aircraft, with the wing swept back instead of being set at right angles to the Fuselage. The fuselage (from the French fuselé "spindle-shaped" is an Aircraft 's main body section that holds crew and passengers or Cargo Leading edge extensions or LEX (also referred to as leading edge root extensions or LERX or strakes or chines) are The delta wing is a Wing Planform in the form of a triangle named after the Greek uppercase delta which is a triangle (Δ Electronic Countermeasures ( ECM') are a subsection of Electronic warfare which includes any sort of electrical or electronic device designed to trick The Su-27 is not a true delta, however, because it retains conventional tailplanes, with two vertical tailfins outboard of the engines, supplemented by twofold-down ventral fins for additional lateral stability. A tailplane, also known as horizontal stabilizer, is a small lifting surface located behind the main lifting surfaces of a Fixed-wing aircraft The vertical stabilizers, or fins, of Aircraft, Missiles or Bombs are typically found on the aft end of the Fuselage or body

The Su-27's Lyulka AL-31F turbofan engines are widely spaced, both for safety reasons and to ensure uninterrupted airflow through the intakes. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine The space between the engines also provides additional lift, reducing wing loading. Movable guide vanes in the intakes allow Mach 2+ speeds, and help to maintain engine airflow at high alpha. Mach number (\mathrm{Ma} or M (generally ˈmɑːk sometimes /ˈmɑːx/ or /ˈmæk/ is the speed of an object moving through air or any Fluid Angle of attack ( AOA, \alpha Greek letter alpha) is a term used in Aerodynamics to describe the Angle between the A mesh screen over each intake prevents debris from being drawn into the engines during take-off.

The Su-27 had the Soviet Union's first operational fly-by-wire control system, developed based on Sukhoi OKB's experience in the Sukhoi T-4 bomber project. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control Sukhoi T-4, or "Aircraft 100" or "Project 100" or "Sotka" was a Soviet high speed reconnaissance and interceptor aircraft that Combined with relatively low wing loading and powerful basic flight controls, it makes for an exceptionally agile aircraft, controllable even at very low speeds and high angles of attack. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing In airshows the aircraft has demonstrated its maneuverability with a Cobra (Pugachev's Cobra) or dynamic deceleration - briefly sustained level flight at a 120° angle of attack. The Pugachev's Cobra (or Pugachev Cobra) is an Aircraft cobra maneuver Thrust vectoring has also been tested (and is incorporated on later Su-30MKI and Su-37 models), allowing the fighter to perform hard turns with almost no radius, incorporate vertical somersaults into level motion and limited nose-up hovering.

The naval version of the 'Flanker,' the Su-27K (or Su-33), incorporates canards for additional lift, reducing take-off distances (important because the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov has no catapults). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with Role While designated an aircraft carrier by the West the design of the Admiral Kuznetsov' class implies a mission different from that of either the United States An aircraft catapult is a device used to launch Aircraft from Ships ��in particular Aircraft carriers ��as a form of Assisted take off. These canards have also been incorporated in some Su-30s, the Su-35, and the Su-37.

In addition to its considerable agility, the Su-27 uses its substantial internal volume for a large internal fuel capacity. In an overload configuration for maximum range, it can carry 9,400 kg (20,700 lb) of internal fuel, although its maneuverability with that load is limited, and normal load is 5,270 kg (11,620 lb).

The Su-27 is armed with a single Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 30 mm cannon in the starboard wingroot, and has up to 10 hardpoints for missiles and other weapons. The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 (also known by the service designation 9A-4071K) is a 30 mm cannon designed for use on Soviet and later Russian A hardpoint is any part of an Airframe designed to carry an external load Its standard missile armament for air-to-air combat is a mixture of Vympel R-73 (AA-11 Archer), Vympel R-27 (AA-10 'Alamo') weapons, the latter including extended range and IR guided models. The Vympel R-73 ( NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) developed by Vympel machine Building Design Bureau, is the most modern Russian short-range The Vympel R-27 ( NATO reporting name AA-10 Alamo, Cyrillic P-27) is a medium-range Air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet More advanced Flanker variants (such as Su-30, -35, -37) may also carry Vympel R-77 (AA-12 Adder) missiles. The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system

The Su-27 has a high-contrast tuneable HUD and a helmet-mounted sight capability, which, paired with the R-73 missile and the plane's superb agility make it one of the world's best dogfighter aircraft. A head-up display, or HUD, is any transparent display that presents data without requiring the user to look away from his or her usual viewpont

The radar proved to be a major developmental problem for the Su-27. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships The original Soviet requirement was very ambitious, demanding a multi-target engagement capability and 200km range against "bombers" (16 sq. A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them m RCS to match a Tu-16). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This would greatly exceed the detection range of the F-15's APG-63 (about 180km vs a 100 sq. m RCS target) and be broadly comparable to the 1-ton Zaslon phased array radar used on the MiG-31.

To achieve this at a reasonable weight, the design team came up with a radar using electronic scanning for elevation and mechanical scanning for azimuth. Unfortunately, it proved too much for the Soviet microelectronics industry in the 1970s to achieve, and by 1982, the original Myesch program had to be abandoned and a less capable alternative array was selected. To make up the lost time, many matured technologies from the N019 Topaz radar, including an enlarged version of the twist-cassegraine array, on the MiG-29 was used, and as a result, the resulting N001 radar shared the same TS100 signal processor used on N019 Topaz radar, while N001V, the successor of N001, shared the same TS101M signal processor with N019M, the successor of N019. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The radar only achieved a 140km detection range versus the Tu-16, and could only engage a single target. Even then, the radar was initially beset by reliability problems and this caused the N001 to be accepted for service in 1991, half a decade after the Su-27 first entered service in 1986.

The first of the N001 series radar, the Tikhomirov (NIIR) N001 (NATO 'Slot Back'), is a pulse-Doppler set with track-while-scan capability, but its processor is relatively primitive, making it vulnerable to false alarms and blind spots, as well as being more difficult to use. JSC VV Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт имени В A doppler radar is a Radar using the Doppler effect of the returned echoes from targets to measure their Radial velocity. The track while scan ( TWS) is a mode of Radar operation in which the radar allocates part of its power to tracking the target or targets while part of its power is During the years, under the chief designer of N001 radar, Professor Viktor Konstantinovitch Grishin, the N001 radar has been upgraded many times, resulting in derivatives including N001V, N001VE, N001VEP, all of which are in service, including those exported Flankers. Professor V. K. Grishin was the chief designer of Zalson S-800 passive phased array radar on MiG-31, and the expertise would later contribute to the design of the replacement phased array radars for the N001 series. For the fictional aircraft of the novel and movie "Firefox", see Mikoyan MiG-31 (fictional.

It was apparent that there was not much room for any significant improvement anymore for the N001 series radar, and the Su-30 and Su-35/37 aircraft have the vastly superior Tikhomirov (NIIR) 'Bars' (Panther) N011M with a passive electronically scanned array, improving range, multiple target capability, and sensitivity. JSC VV Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт имени В A passive electronically scanned array (PESA as opposed to its active counterpart AESA, is a Phased array which has a central radiofrequency The Bars (Panther) radar is scheduled to be replaced by an even more capable successor, Irbis (Snow leopard)-E phased array radar in the near future. Tikhomirov (NIIR)'s competitor, Phazotron (NIIP) also offered similar radar with passive electronically scanned array. JSC VV Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт имени В JSC Phazotron ( Phazotron-NIIR) is Russia 's largest developer of military radars and Avionics. A passive electronically scanned array (PESA as opposed to its active counterpart AESA, is a Phased array which has a central radiofrequency

The Su-27 has an infrared search and track (IRST) system in the nose just forward of the cockpit, which also incorporates a laser rangefinder. An infra-red search and track ( IRST) system (sometimes known as infra-red sighting and tracking) is a method for detecting and tracking objects which give off A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft This system can be slaved to the radar, or used independently for "stealthy" attacks with infrared missiles (such as the R-73 and R-27T/ET). Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of It also controls the cannon, providing greater accuracy than a radar sighting mode.

While the Su-27 and its immediate descendants (Su-35 and -37) have outstanding maneuverability and performance, the airframe design lacks stealth features, so the radar cross section (RCS) is large.

Combat service

The Su-27 has seen limited action since it first entered service. Ethiopian Su-27s reportedly shot down two, three or five [3] Eritrean MiG-29s; the first on February 25, 1999 and the second on February 26, 1999. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) and the third on May 16, 2000. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ^[1][2] The Su-27s were also used in CAP (Combat Air Patrol) missions, suppression of air defense, and providing escort for fighters on bombing and reconnaissance missions. Combat air patrol (CAP is a type of flying mission for Fighter aircraft. ^[3]

In Angolan service, one Su-27 was shot down by a SA-14 MANPADS fired by UNITA forces on November 19th, 2000. The 9K34 Strela-3 (9К34 «Стрела-3» Arrow) man-portable air defence missile system ( MANPADS) was developed in the Soviet Union as a response Angolan Su-27 entered service in mid 2000. [4] [5]

Variants

Soviet-era

• T10 ("Flanker-A"): Initial prototype configuration.
• T10S: Improved prototype configuration, more similar to production spec.
• P-42: Special version build to beat climb time records. The aircraft had all arnament, radar and paint removed, which reduced weight to 14. 100 kg. It also had improved engines.
• Su-27 Preproduction series built in small numbers with AL-31 engine
• Su-27S (Su-27 / "Flanker-B"): Initial production single-seater with improved AL-31F engine. The "T10P" designation is sometimes used for Su-27S single-seaters stripped of secondary strike capability.
• Su-27UB ("Flanker-C"): Initial production two-seat operational conversion trainer.
• Su-27SK: Export Su-27 single-seater.
• Su-27UBK: Export Su-27UB two-seater.
• Su-27K (Su-33 / "Flanker-D"): Carrier-based single-seater with folding wings, high-lift devices, and arresting gear, built in small numbers. In Aircraft design high-lift devices are a variety of mechanisms intended to add lift during certain portions of flight A tailhook, also arresting hook or arrestor hook, is a device attached to the Empennage (rear of an Aircraft. They followed the "T10K" prototypes and demonstrators. A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category

Post-Soviet era

• Su-27P: Single-seat demonstrator with improvements such as inflight refueling probe.
• Su-27PU (Su-30): Two-seat limited production machine with improvements such as inflight refueling probe, fighter direction avionics, new flight control system, and so on. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• Su-30M / Su-30MK: Next-generation multirole two-seater. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Apparently a few Su-30Ms were built for Russian evaluation in the mid-1990s, though nothing much came of the effort. The Su-30MK export variant was embodied as a series of two demonstrators of different levels of capability.
• Su-30MKA: Export version for Algeria. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's
• Su-30MKI (Flanker-H): Substantially improved Su-30MK for the Indian Air Force, with canards, vectored-thrust engines, new avionics provided by several nations, and multirole capability. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• Su-30MKK (Flanker-G): Su-30MK for the Chinese air force, with updated Russian-built avionics and multirole capability, but no canards or thrust-vectoring engines. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Chinese navy also bought similar "Su-30MK2" machines with enhanced antishipping attack capabilities.
• Su-30MKM: A copy of Su-30MKI with special configuration for Malaysia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and
• Su-30KN (Flanker-B Mod. 2): Improved single-seater that features new electronics that allow the Su-30KN to perform new functions, most concerning navigation.
• Su-30KI (Flanker-B Mod. 2): Improved single-seater with Su-30MK features for Indonesia deal that fell through, following in the steps of an "Su-27SMK" evaluation aircraft flown in the mid-1990s. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia.
• Su-27M (Su-35 / 37, Flanker-E/F): Series of improved demonstrators for an advanced single-seat multirole Su-27S derivative. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The series also included a two-seat "Su-35UB" demonstrator.
• Su-27SM (Flanker-B Mod. 1): Upgraded Russian Su-27S, featuring technology evaluated in the Su-27M demonstrators.
• Su-27SKM: Single-seat multirole fighter. It is a derivative of the Su-27SK but includes upgrades such as advanced cockpit, more sophisticated self-defense electronic countermeasures (ECM) and an in-flight refueling system. ^[4]
• Su-27UBM: Comparable upgraded Su-27UB two-seater.
• Su-32 (Su-27IB): Two-seat dedicated long-range strike variant with side-by-side seating in "platypus" nose. Prototype of SU-32FN and Su-34 Fullback
• Su-27KUB: Essentially an Su-27K carrier-based single-seater with a side-by-side cockpit, for use as a naval carrier trainer or multirole aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A trainer is an Aircraft used to develop piloting navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew
• Su-35 BM: Also dubbed "The Last Flanker" is latest development from Sukhoi Flanker Family. It feature newer avionics and new radar. The Irbis-E high power PESA radar with capability to track 3 m RCS target at 400 km and 0. 01 m RCS at 90 km.

Operators

Around 680 Su-27s were manufactured by the Soviet Union and Russia. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending This number only includes the Su-27 and not the number of later development aircraft.

 Angola 

About 8 Su-27 and 27UB. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central

 Belarus 

Possibly 25 in service. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east

 People's Republic of China 

China acquired 76 Su-27 fighters from Russia before signing an agreement in 1998 to redesign China's own versions of the plane as the Shenyang J-11 (about 100 have been built by 2004). Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1998: Events Cirrus Aircraft successfully flight-tests the CAPS ballistic emergency WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In 2006, China also purchased 100 Sukhoi Su-30MKK/MK2 (Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Kitaiskiy - upgraded commercial [version] for China) for the People's Liberation Army Air Force and 48 Sukhoi Su-33 for PLANAF's future carrier fighter. The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF ( is the Aviation branch of the People's Liberation Army, the Military of the People's Republic of

 Eritrea 

About 8 Su-27SK/27UB went to Eritrea in 2003. Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in

 Ethiopia 

15

 India 

After years of negotiations, India finally ordered 40 Su-30MKI aircraft with more powerful AL-31FP engines, advanced avionics, canards, and thrust vectoring. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Hindustan Aeronautics has a license to manufacture up to 140 additional aircraft through 2020. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL) based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia 's largest Aerospace companies

•  Indonesia: Indonesia has 2 Su-27SK and 2 Su-30MK in order to replace their old A-4 Skyhawk . The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The Armed Forces of Indonesia ( Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI, formerly Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, best known by In 2007-2009, the Indonesian Air Force will receive 3 Su-27SKM and 3 Su-30MK2 to expand their Su-27s to be a squadron. See also List of aircraft of the Indonesian Air Force The Indonesian Air Force ( Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara or Indonesian Su-27 has been seen on live fire exercise delivering o-fab bombs. There have been rumors that other precision ordnance will equip them but no concrete evidence has been observed. Both Su-30MK currently are having problems with un-identified avionics subsystems. Indonesian Air Force officials claimed that it is caused by unavailability of spares. It is a dubious explanation at best since the type has been proliferating recently. At this stage, the Indonesian Flanker force is still a long way to go from becoming a viable force.
•  Kazakhstan: operates around 30 and is due a further twelve under agreement. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the
•  Malaysia: Malaysia ordered 18 Su-30MKM in 2003 worth US$900 million expecting deliveries in 2006. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF ( Malay: Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia or TUDM) was formed in 1958 as the Royal Malayan Air Force The Su-30MKM is equipped with the latest missiles to include a variety of the AA-10 missiles, AA-12 and AA-11 as well as a complete range of air to ground weapons to include guided and unguided missiles and bombs. Malaysia's aircraft come equipped with canards and thrust vectoring engines for high agility. The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF ( Malay: Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia or TUDM) was formed in 1958 as the Royal Malayan Air Force
•  Russia: 449 are in service with the Russian Air Force. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force ^[5] The Russians presently plan to upgrade their aircraft to the Su-27SM standard, which will include a glass cockpit and a change to digital fly-by-wire. The radar is to be upgraded with a phased array (most likely Pero) allowing increased range. The self defense and navigation suites will also be upgraded, as well as an attack suite. They hope this will be completed by 2008. Besides the 449 Su-27, Russia also has 10 Su-30, 23 Su-33, 4 Su-34 and 5 Su-35.
•  Ukraine: 80 ^[6]. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
•  Uzbekistan: has 25 in service. Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly
•  Venezuela: Venezuelan Air Force has 24 Su-30MK2 in a deal worth US$1. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Air Force of Venezuela, since 2006 Aviación Militar Venezolana (previously Fuerza Aérea Venezolana, FAV) is a professional armed body designed to 5 billion. ^[7]
•  Vietnam: Vietnam has twelve Su-27SK and has ordered a further 24. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially
•  United States: Two Su-27s were delivered to the United States in 1995, probably for aggressor training. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[8]

Specifications (Sukhoi Su-27)

General characteristics

• Crew: One
• Length: 21. 9 m (72 ft)
• Wingspan: 14. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 7 m (48 ft 3 in)

• Leading edge sweep: 42°)

• Height: 5. 93 m (19 ft 6 in)
• Wing area: 62 m² (667 ft²)
• Empty weight: 16,380 kg (36,100 lb)
• Loaded weight: 23,000 kg (50,690 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 33,000 kg (62,400 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× Saturn/Lyulka AL-31F turbofans, 122. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off The Saturn AL-31 is a family of military Turbofan engines It was developed by Lyulka, now NPO Saturn, of Russia (former Soviet Union A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine 8 kN (27,600 lbf) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 2,500 km/h at altitude (1,550 mph Mach 2. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such 35)
• Range: 1,340km combat mission at sea level 3,530 km combat mission at high altitude (800 mi at sea level / 2070 mi at high altitude)
• Service ceiling 18,500 m (60,700 ft)
• Rate of climb: 325 m/s (64,000 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 371 kg/m² (76 lb/ft&sup2')
• Thrust/weight: 1. The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. In Aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing Thrust-to-weight ratio is as its name suggests the ratio of instantaneous Thrust to Weight (where weight means weight at the Earth ’s surface 09

Armament

• 1x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon with 150 rounds
• 8,000 kg (17,600 lb) on 10 external pylons
  • Up to 6 medium-range AA missiles R-27, 4 short-range heat-seeking AA missiles R-73
    • Upgraded Su-27SM is capable of using R-77 instead of R-27
  • Su-27IB can be used to launch X-31 anti-radiation missiles, air-to-ground missiles X-29L/T (laser/TV guidance, which may be projected to helmet), KAB-150 and UAB-500 bombs with laser, TV, or IR guidance

Incidents and accidents

• September 9, 1990: Salgareda Air Show, Italy, 2 killed (pilot R. The Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-1 (also known by the service designation 9A-4071K) is a 30 mm cannon designed for use on Soviet and later Russian Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Salgareda is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 30 km northeast of Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Stankyavichus + 1 spectator).
• July 27, 2002: Sknyliv airshow disaster at Lviv, Ukraine - 78 spectators killed^[9] (Video)

Popular culture

• The Su-27 is in a starring role in the SSI flight simulator game Su-27 Flanker. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Sknyliv airshow disaster occurred on 27 July 2002 when a Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-27 of the Ukrainian Falcons crashed Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Strategic Simulations Inc (SSI was a Computer game developer and publisher with over 100 titles to its credit since its founding in 1979 Su-27 Flanker is a realistic Flight simulator released for the PC ( DOS and Microsoft Windows) in 1996 on CD.

References

• Modern Combat Aircraft: Reference guide pp. 50-51 Minsk, "Elida", 1997, ISBN 985-6163-10-2. (Russian)
• Comprehensive Russian Military Analysis

See also

Related development

• Sukhoi Su-30
• Sukhoi Su-30MKI
• Sukhoi Su-30MKK
• Sukhoi Su-32
• Sukhoi Su-33
• Sukhoi Su-34
• Sukhoi Su-35
• Sukhoi Su-37
• Sukhoi Su-47
• Shenyang J-11
  

Comparable aircraft

• F-15 Eagle
• F/A-18 Hornet
  

External links

• http://www.knaapo.ru/eng/
• http://www.irkut.com/en/
• Russkiye Vityazi (Russian Knights) Acrobatic Team
• GlobalSecurity.org
• Sukhoi Su-27 page by the Federation of American Scientists
• Sukhoi Flankers - The Shifting Balance of Regional Air Power
• The Su-27SKM
• Su-27SК Sukhoi
• Su-27SК Russia Military Analysis
• Asia's Advanced Flankers
• Su-27 free walkaround (37 shots)

WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

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