Suburbs are commonly defined as residential areas on the outskirts of a city or large town. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Most modern suburbs are commuter towns with many single-family homes. A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood Many suburbs have some degree of political autonomy and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Mechanical transport, including automobiles and high speed trains, enabled the 20th century growth of suburbs, which tend to proliferate near cities with an abundance of adjacent flat land. ^[1]

Contents 1 Etymology and usage 2 Components 3 History 4 Suburbia worldwide 4.1 In Canada 4.2 In the United States 4.3 In other countries 5 Traffic flows/flaws 6 Cultural depictions 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External links

Etymology and usage

The word is derived from the Old French subburbe and ultimately from the Latin suburbium, formed from sub, meaning "under", and urbs, meaning "city". Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Important people tended to live on hills near centers of commercial and political activity, while the lower classes often lived in marginal areas. "Under" in later usage sometimes referred variously to lesser wealth, political power, population, or population density. The first recorded usage, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, comes from Wycliffe in 1380, where the form "subarbis" is used. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English

In the United States, Canada, and most of Western Europe the word suburb usually refers to a separate municipality, borough, or unincorporated area outside a central town or city. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns This definition is evident in the title of David Rusk's book Cities Without Suburbs (ISBN 0-943875-73-0 ), which promotes metropolitan government. In American Local government, a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction U. S. colloquial usage sometimes shortens the term to 'burb, and "the Burbs" first appeared as a term for the suburbs of Chicago. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.

This division is not as prevalent in Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, where suburb merely refers to residential neighborhoods outside of the city centre whether they lie in a separate municipality or not. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island In Australia and New Zealand, suburbs have become formalized as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas of Australia their equivalent are called localities (see suburbs and localities). Suburbs and localities are the names of geographic subdivisions in Australia mainly for Address purposes In Australia, the terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density suburbs with close proximity to the city center, and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. Inner suburbs, such as Te Aro in Wellington, Prahran in Melbourne and Ultimo in Sydney, are usually characterised by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas. Te Aro is an inner-city Suburb of Wellington, New Zealand. It comprises the southern part of the Central business district including the Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the Prahran (pronounced "pruh-RAN" also known colloquially as "Pran" is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Ultimo is an inner-city Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4

Components

In much modern suburban development, planning principles have operated to keep different land uses apart, so that certain distinct components may be identified. The City and County of Broomfield is a prominent suburb and tier of the Denver metropolitan area in the State of Colorado of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

• Housing subdivisions, also known as clusters or pods. Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. They usually consist of at least single family homes placed on small plots of land, or large compounds of apartment buildings with residual parking lots in between them. Many subdivisions are surrounded by walls on all sides, creating barriers from other subdivisions and from retail or offices. Some are gated communities with their own security forces and gatehouses to prevent non-residents from entering. In its modern form a gated community is a form of Residential community containing controlled entrances for Pedestrians Bicycles and Automobiles Most subdivisions are surrounded on all sides by large volume, high-speed collector roads, to handle to concentration of traffic due to the lack of through streets inside the subdivision itself.

• Retail, including strip malls, shopping malls, big-box stores, chain restaurants, retail parks, and power centres. A strip mall (also called a shopping plaza or mini-mall) is an open area Shopping center where the stores are arranged in a row with a Sidewalk A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Big-box store is a term that refers to a style of physically large Chain store, and by extension to the company behind the store Chain stores are Retail outlets that share a Brand and central management and usually have standardized business methods and practices In the United Kingdom, a retail park is a grouping of many retail warehouses and superstores with associated Car parking Its North American A power centre (or power center, also known as a retail park) is an unenclosed shopping centre with to of Gross leasable area that usually contains These areas are exclusively for retail space and automobile parking. They usually consist of clusters of boxy, unadorned buildings of various sizes behind a parking lot. Where setbacks are wide, signs that identify the stores in the strip are usually large, illuminated, and nearer to the road than to the store.

• Office parks, also known as business parks or corporate campuses. A business park or business estate is an area of land in which many Office buildings are grouped together A business park or business estate is an area of land in which many Office buildings are grouped together Derived from the modernist architectural vision of the building standing free in a parklike setting, these areas usually contain 4-12-story buildings surrounded by parking lots or parking structures. They differ from many traditional-style office spaces in containing only offices or factories and no retail space or residences. Office parks are usually located near off ramps of major freeways.

• Roadways. A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. Miles of pavement connect the aforementioned components together. Since a single piece of suburbia only serves one type of activity, roadways are very important, as they are the only way of getting to the various things a person needs in a given day. Suburban roadways are typically much wider than in towns, with multiple lanes and few, if any, sidewalks. Roads in this type of environment are usually designed to serve only automobiles, not pedestrians or cyclists.

History

Prior to the 19th century, "suburb" often correlated with the outlying areas of cities where work was most inaccessible; implicitly, where the poorest people had to live. Charles Dickens used the word this way, albeit not exclusively, in his descriptions of contemporary London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Our modern usage of the term came about during the course of the 19th century, as improvements in transportation and sanitation made it possible for wealthy developments to exist on the outskirts of cities.

The growth of suburbs was facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and various innovations in transport. Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as Banking, Insurance, access to jobs access to health care or even Supermarkets Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another After World War II availability of FHA loans stimulated a housing boom in American suburbs. FHA loan is a Federal assistance Mortgage loan in the United States insured by the Federal Housing Administration. In the older cities of the northeast U. S. , streetcar suburbs originally developed along train or trolley lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. A streetcar suburb is a community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of Streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train This practice gave rise to the term bedroom community, meaning that most daytime business activity took place in the city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep. A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to

The growth in the use of trains, and later automobiles and highways, increased the ease with which workers could have a job in the city while commuting in from the suburbs. Commuting is the process of Travelling between one's place of residence and regular place of work In the United Kingdom, railways stimulated the first mass exodus to the suburbs. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Metropolitan Railway, for example, was active in building and promoting its own housing estates in the north-west of London, consisting mostly of detached houses on large plots, which it then marketed as "Metro-land". Metro-land (or Metroland) refers broadly speaking to the Suburban areas that were built to the north west of London in ^[2] As car ownership rose and wider roads were built, the commuting trend accelerated as in North America. This trend towards living away from towns and cities has been termed the urban exodus. Rural exodus (or rural flight) is a term used to describe the migratory patterns that normally occur in a region following the mechanisation of Agriculture.

Zoning laws also contributed to the location of residential areas outside of the city centre by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. These suburban residences are built on larger lots of land than in the urban city. For example, the lot size for a residence in Chicago is usually 125 feet (38 m) deep, while the width can vary from 14 feet (4. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 3 m) wide for a row house to 45 feet (14 m) wide for a large standalone house. In the suburbs, where standalone houses are the rule, lots may be 85 feet (26 m) wide by 115 feet (35 m) deep, as in the Chicago suburb of Naperville. Naperville ( is an affluent city in the Chicago metropolitan area in Illinois in the United States, voted the second and third best place to live Manufacturing and commercial buildings were segregated in other areas of the city.

Increasingly, more people moved out to the suburbs, known as suburbanization. Suburbanization (or suburbanisation) is a term used to describe the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe Moving along with the population, many companies also located their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities. This has resulted in increased density in older suburbs and, often, the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities. A green belt or greenbelt is a policy or land use designation used in Land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped wild or agricultural land Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the garden city movement. The garden city movement is an approach to Urban planning that was founded in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom ^[3]

In the United States, since the 18th century urban areas have often grown faster than city boundaries. Until the 1900s, new neighborhoods usually sought or accepted annexation to the central city to obtain city services. Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous In the 20th century, however, many suburban areas began to see independence from the central city as an asset. In some cases, White suburbanites saw self-government as a means to keep out people who could not afford the added suburban property maintenance costs not needed in city living. White is a Color, the perception which is evoked by Light that stimulates all three types of color sensitive Cone cells in the Human eye Federal subsidies for suburban development accelerated this process as did the practice of redlining by banks and other lending institutions. In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as Banking, Insurance, access to jobs access to health care or even Supermarkets ^[4] Cleveland, Ohio is typical of many American central cities; its municipal borders have changed little since 1922, even though the Cleveland urbanized area has grown many times over. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Several layers of suburban municipalities now surround cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə

While suburbs had originated far earlier; the suburban population in North America exploded after World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Returning veterans wishing to start a settled life moved en masse to the suburbs. Levittown developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing. Levittown, a Suburb of New York City is a hamlet in the Town of Hempstead located on Long Island in Nassau County New York. At the same time, African Americans were rapidly moving north for better jobs and educational opportunities than were available to them in the segregated South. Their arrival in Northern cities en masse – in addition to race riots in several large cities such as Detroit, Chicago, and Philadelphia – further stimulated white suburban migration. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.

In the U. S. , 1950 was the first year that more people lived in suburbs than elsewhere. ^[5] In the U. S, the development of the skyscraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses, thus pushing residents outside the city center.

Suburbia worldwide

In Canada

Urban development in Canada has largely paralleled development in the United States. After World War II, large bedroom communities of single-family homes and shopping centres sprouted on the outskirts of Canadian cities.

However, Canada has far fewer suburban municipalities than the U. S. does. Many large cities, such as Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, and Ottawa, extend all the way to, and even include the countryside. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada Edmonton (ˈɛdmɨntɨn is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. However, the fact that literal boundaries of suburbs are not present in Canada does not in any way eliminate suburbs per se. The boundaries of Canadian cities are under the jurisdiction of the Provinces and the Provinces have imposed city-suburb mergers. The Vancouver, Montreal and Calgary areas still have suburban municipalities, although their suburban areas are generally grouped into fewer cities than is typical in the United States. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada British Columbia created a "metropolitan" government for the Vancouver area in 1954, but the urbanized area has since grown well beyond it.

Today, Toronto has some of the largest suburban municipalities in North America, and the two largest suburbs in Canada are in this metro area. Mississauga (668,549) and Brampton (433,806) together claim 1. Mississauga (ˌmɪsɪˈsɑgə) incorporated in 1974 is a City located in the Regional Municipality of Peel Brampton (pronounced bramton is the third-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada and the seat of Peel Region. 1 million inhabitants, and would be the third largest city in Canada if merged. Many Toronto suburbs have significantly improved on the suburban philosophy, adding a downtown to many suburban centers, notably Mississauga, Brampton, Vaughan and Markham. In 1998 the governmental structure was reorganized to include many of these formerly independent suburbs into the Greater Toronto Area (see Greater Toronto Area). The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada.

Vancouver has several large suburbs, with more than three quarters of a million people living in Surrey (the third largest suburb in Canada), Richmond, and Burnaby. Surrey is a Canadian city in the Province of British Columbia that lies within the Metro Vancouver Richmond (ˈrɪtʃmənd}} is an incorporated city on the Pacific coast of the Canadian province of British Montreal has its two largest suburbs, Laval and Longueuil. Laval ( IPA læˈvæl is a City and a region in southwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Greater Montreal Area.

In the United States

Typically, many post-World War II American suburbs have been characterized by:

• Lower densities than central cities, dominated by single family homes on small plots of land, surrounded at close quarters by very similar dwellings. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

• Zoning patterns that separate residential and commercial development, as well as different intensities and densities of development. Daily needs are not within walking distance of most homes.

• Subdivisions carved from previously rural land into multiple-home developments built by a single real estate company. Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time These subdivisions are often segregated by minute differences in home value, creating entire communities where family incomes and demographics are almost completely homogenous.

• Shopping malls and strip malls behind large parking lots instead of a classic downtown shopping district. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors A strip mall (also called a shopping plaza or mini-mall) is an open area Shopping center where the stores are arranged in a row with a Sidewalk Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense

• A road network designed to conform to a hierarchy, including culs-de-sac leading to larger residential streets, in turn leading to large collector roads, in place of the grid pattern common to most central cities and pre-World War II suburbs. The street hierarchy is an Urban design technique for separating automobile through-traffic from developed areas "Dead End Street" redirects here For the song by The Kinks see Dead End Street (song. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

• Limited or no access to public transit

• Sometimes (most of the time) a lower crime rate than a comparable urban neighborhoods

In other countries

In many parts of the globe, however, suburbs are economically poor areas, inhabited by people sometimes in real misery, keeping them at the limit of the city borders for economic or social reasons like the impossibility of affording the (usually higher) costs of life in the town. An example in the developed world would be the banlieues of France, or the concrete suburbs of Sweden which are comparable to the inner cities of the U. Banlieue-erevanjpg|thumb|Banlieue of Erevan; Armenia]][[Image Etalement urbain banlieue paris - 03 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Million Programme ( Miljonprogrammet) is the common name for an ambitious housing programme implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis S.

In the UK, the government is seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of southeast England. The new catch phrase is 'building sustainable communities' rather than housing estates. However, commercial concerns tend to retard the opening of services until a large number of residents have occupied the new neighbourhood.

In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created ex novo in order to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Many critics have seen in this development pattern (that was circularly distributed in every direction) also a quick solution to a problem of public order (keeping the unwelcome poorest classes together with the criminals, in this way better controlled, comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). In Urban planning, the notion of " public order " refers to a City containing relatively empty (and orderly Spaces which allow for flexibility On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town. Other newer suburbs were created at a further distance from them.

In China, the term suburb is new. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Chinese suburbs are very similar to that of the United States, in that many of its inhabitants are mainly Upper-class, or Middle-class people. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. Many of the new homes, being built with pools, two car garages and extra rooms are replicas of the U.S. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the However, most of the suburbs are fenced, and generally guarded because of the extraordinary crime rate.

Traffic flows/flaws

Suburbs typically have more traffic congestion and longer travel times than traditional neighborhoods. ^[6] Only the traffic within the short streets themselves is less. This is due to three factors: almost-mandatory automobile ownership due to poor suburban bus systems, longer travel distances and the hierarchy system, which is less efficient at distributing traffic than the traditional grid of streets. A transit bus (US (also known as a commuter bus, city bus, or public bus) is a Bus used for Public transport purposes The street hierarchy is an Urban design technique for separating automobile through-traffic from developed areas

In the suburban system, most trips from one component to another component requires that cars enter a collector road, no matter how short or long the distance is. A collector road is a low or moderate-capacity Road which is below a Highway or Arterial road level of service This is compounded by the hierarchy of streets, where entire neighborhoods and subdivisions are dependent on one or two collector roads. Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. A collector road is a low or moderate-capacity Road which is below a Highway or Arterial road level of service Because all traffic is forced onto these roads, they are often heavy with traffic all day. If a traffic accident occurs on a collector road, or if road construction inhibits the flow, then the entire road system may be rendered useless until the blockage is cleared. The traditional "grown" grid, in turn, allows for a larger number of choices and alternate routes.

Suburban systems of the sprawl type are also quite inefficient for cyclists or pedestrians, as the direct route is usually not available for them either. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot whether Walking or Running. " As the crow flies " is a phrase used to describe the most direct route between two points on a Planetary body. This encourages car trips even for distances as low as several hundreds of meters (which may have become up to several kilometres due to the road network). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Improved sprawl systems, though retaining the car detours, possess cycle paths and foot path connecting across the arms of the sprawl system, allowing a more direct route while still keeping the cars out of the residential and side streets. Detours is the sixth Studio album by American Artist Sheryl Crow. Segregated cycle facilities are Roads tracks paths or marked lanes designated for use by Cyclists from which motorised traffic is generally excluded Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area

Cultural depictions

The 1960s television series The Dick Van Dyke Show starring Dick Van Dyke and Mary Tyler Moore was set in New Rochelle, New York, an affluent Westchester County suburb of New York City. Markham ( pronounced /ˈmɑrkəm/ 2006 population 261573 is a town located in the Regional Municipality of Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The Dick Van Dyke Show is an American television Situation comedy which initially aired on CBS from October 3, 1961 to Richard Wayne “Dick” Van Dyke (born December 13, 1925) is an American Actor, Presenter and Entertainer, with a Mary Tyler Moore (born December 29, 1936) is an Academy Award -nominated and seven-time Emmy Award -winning American actress New Rochelle ( French: Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in the south-east portion of the U Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U The City of New York New Rochelle is a first-suburb and one of the original "bedroom communities". A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood

The term suburbia is frequently used to encapsulate the concept of suburbs as slices of tract-home nuclear family. Tract housing (also known as cookie-cutter housing) is a style of housing development in which multiple identical or nearly-identical homes are built to create a community The term nuclear family developed in the Western world to distinguish the Family group consisting of parents most commonly a Father and Mother

The 1962 song "Little Boxes" by Malvina Reynolds lampoons the development of suburbia and what many consider its bourgeois conformist values. Use in Weeds The song is featured in the Showtime television series Weeds. Malvina Reynolds (born as Malvina Milder on August 23, 1900, died March 17, 1978) was an American folk / Blues South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. In English history, Conformists were those whose religious practices conformed with the requirements of the Act of Uniformity and so were in concert It is best known through Pete Seeger's performance of the song. Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3 1919 is an American folk singer political Activist, and a key figure in the mid-20th century American A book about a Daly City, California, suburb Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb, is named for the song. ^[7]

The popular TV show The Wonder Years, which was set in the late 1960s and early 1970s, took place in an undisclosed suburb. In the very first episode, the show's narrator comments on the seeming sameness of suburbia, in the ending narration noting that despite the rows of identical houses and carports, within each one are people with unique stories and individual lives.

The concept of "suburbia" came to envelop this and other, sometimes endearing, idiosyncrasies of suburban life — for example, backyard barbecues on Independence Day and neighborhood trick or treating on Halloween. barbeque block party Kansas cityjpg|thumb|right|275px|A barbecue on a trailer at a Block party in Kansas City. In the United States, Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July (or the Fourth) is a Federal holiday commemorating the adoption Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31.

Popular culture largely recognized this concept during the 1980s and early 1990s. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — In Britain, television series such as The Good Life, Butterflies and The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin depicted suburbia as well-manicured but relentlessly boring, and its residents as either conforming their behaviour to this situation or going stir crazy through its regimented blandness. The Good Life is a British sitcom that aired on BBC1 from 1975 to 1978 Butterflies is a Situation comedy written by Carla Lane broadcast on BBC2 from 1978 to 1983. The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin is a novel and a British Sitcom starring Leonard Rossiter in the title role In America, similar but more violent themes could be found in the works of David Lynch, most notably Blue Velvet, which establishes a view of idealistic suburbia and then showcases a dark, depraved underworld. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Blue Velvet is a 1986 American Mystery film, written and directed by David Lynch, that exhibits elements of both Film noir A distinctive depiction of American suburbs is Joe Dante's comedy film The 'Burbs from 1989, starring Tom Hanks and Carrie Fisher, in which the people living in the suburbs are portrayed as paranoiacs looking for adventure, which ends up in the explosion of one of their neighbors' houses in which they presume a huge number of dead bodies. The 'Burbs is a 1989 Black comedy directed by Joe Dante starring Tom Hanks, Carrie Fisher, Rick Ducommun, The Oscar winning 1999 film American Beauty centers the life of two suburban families and their eventual downfalls. American Beauty is a 1999 Drama film set in modern American Suburbia. Todd Field's Oscar nominated film Little Children portrays the suburbs as a place full of paranoid and sometimes hypocritical and judgemental security moms and dads, and bored and unhappy wives and husbands driven to adultery. William Todd Field, known professionally as Todd Field Little Children is a 2006 Drama film written and directed by Todd Field, based on the novel of the same name by Tom Perrotta During the 2004 United States Presidential campaign, pundits started talking about the " security mom " a successor to 2000's " Soccer mom " Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is

In 1994, playwright Eric Bogosian wrote and directed the play subUrbia, which focused on suburban twentysomethings with no real life goals or direction reacting to the return of a high school friend who had become famous. Eric Bogosian (born April 24, 1953) is an American Actor, Playwright, Monologist, and Novelist. subUrbia is an Off-Broadway stageplay by Eric Bogosian set against the nighttime activities of a group of aimless 20-somethings and a reunion The play was made into a low-budget, independent film in 1997, with Richard Linklater directing and featuring actors Steve Zahn, Parker Posey, Ajay Naidu, and Giovanni Ribisi in lead roles. Richard Stuart Linklater (born July 30, 1960) is an Academy Award -nominated American Film director and Screenwriter Steven James Zahn (born November 13, 1967) is an American Comedian and Actor of both Film and stage. Parker Christian Posey (born November 8 1968 is an American actress. Ajay Kalahastri Naidu (born 12 February 1972) is an American actor Antonino Giovanni Ribisi (born December 17, 1974) is an American Actor.

Etymology: According to dialogue in the 1984 movie Suburbia^[8] (no relation to the Bogosian version), "subtopia" is a neologism made by combining suburb and utopia. Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time

See also

• Developed Environments
• Exurb
• Boomburbs
• Commuter town
• Edge city
• Faubourg
• Inner suburbs
• Developed environments:
  • Rural
  • Exurban
  • Urban
• List of largest suburbs by population
• Microdistrict
• Streetcar suburb
• Urban rural fringe
• Urban sprawl
• Settlement types
  • Hamlet
  • Village
  • Town
  • City
  • Megalopolis

Notes

References

• Baumgartner, M. P. The Moral Order of a Suburb. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
• Baxandall, Rosalyn and Elizabeth Ewen. Picture Windows: How the Suburbs Happened. New York: Basic Books, 2000.
• Blakely, Edward J. and Mary Gail Snyder. Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States. Washington, D. C. : Brookings Institution, 1997.
• Bruegmann, Robert. Sprawl: A Compact History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
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External links

• provides images of a mature north London suburb illustrating a wide range of domestic architecture
• The End of Suburbia, documentary film
• Europe's first interdisciplinary research centre for the study of suburbs, based at Kingston University
• "Boomburbs": The Emergence of Large, Fast-Growing Suburban Cities in the United States, from Fannie Mae. Kingston University is a University in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, south-west London.
• Sierra Club Stopping Sprawl Main Page

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