Main article: Submarine base

A submarine pen is a bunker to protect submarines or U-boats from bombing. The St Nazaire Raid (also called Operation Chariot) was a successful British seaborne attack on the heavily defended docks of St See also the St Nazaire Raid Saint-Nazaire ( Breton: Sant-Nazer) is a town and ''commune'' in the Loire-Atlantique département A submarine base is a Military base that shelters Submarines and their personnel A military bunker is a hardened shelter often buried partly or fully underground designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers

Bombing of German U-boat Pens in World War II

German World War II U-boat pens in France included Saint-Nazaire, Lorient, La Rochelle and Toulon. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers See also the St Nazaire Raid Saint-Nazaire ( Breton: Sant-Nazer) is a town and ''commune'' in the Loire-Atlantique département Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. La Rochelle is a city in western France, and a Seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. Toulon ( Provençal Occitan: Tolon in classical norm or Touloun in Mistralian norm is a city in southern France and a large In Norway, Trondheim was the site of a large pen. DORA 1 is a former German Submarine base and bunker built during World War II in Trondheim, Norway U-boat pens constructing the German Type XXI submarine were located at Hamburg (Blohm & Voss), Bremen (AG Weser), and Danzig (F. Schichau). Description The key improvement in the Type XXI was greatly increased battery capacity roughly three times that of the Type VIIC. Blohm + Voss is a German shipbuilding and engineering works It was founded on April 5, 1877, by Hermann Blohm and Ernst Voss as a Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser (usually just mentioned as AG Weser or A Schichau Seebeckwerft (often abbreviated SSW) is a German Shipbuilding company headquartered in Bremerhaven.

German World War II U-boat pens were designed to be bombproof, and for several years, Allied bombing failed to destroy the bunkers itself^[1] (the area near the Lorient pen was "heavily damaged"). U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers Allied bombing refers mostly to Strategic bombing during World War II, as conducted by the Allies of World War II. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. After the success of bouncing bombs against dams, Tallboy and Grand Slam bunker buster/earth quake bombs were developed and used to attack the bunkers. Operation Chastise was the official name for the attacks on German Dams on 17 May 1943 in the Second World War using a specially developed " The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 The Grand Slam was a 22000 lb Earth quake bomb used by RAF Bomber Command against strategic targets during the Second World War. A bunker buster is a Bomb designed to penetrate hardened targets or targets buried deep underground The earth quake bomb was a concept that was invented by the British aeronautical engineer Barnes Wallis before World War II and subsequently developed and used during A military bunker is a hardened shelter often buried partly or fully underground designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks

Target	Date	Result
Kiel	July 23/24, 1944	In the first major raid on a German city for two months, 629 aircraft - 519 Lancasters, 100 Halifaxes, 10 Mosquitos - were dispatched in this first RAF raid since April 1943 and the heaviest RAF raid of the war. Deutsche Werke was a German Shipbuilding company founded in 1925 when Kaiserliche Werft Kiel and other shipyards were merged Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In a raid lasting only 25 minutes, all parts of Kiel were hit but the bombing was particularly heavy in the port areas and all of the important U-boat yards and naval facilities were hit. The presence of around 500 delayed-action bombs or unexploded duds caused severe problems for the rescue and repair services. There was no water for 3 days; trains and buses did not run for 8 days and there was no gas for cooking for 3 weeks. [2]
Brest	August 5, 1944	15 Avro Lancasters of No. 617 Squadron RAF attacked the Brest U-boat pens and scored 6 direct hits with Tallboy bombs penetrating the concrete roofs. Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction No 617 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is better known as the "Dambusters" squadron The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 1 Lancaster was shot down by flak. The 88 mm gun ( eighty-eight) is a German anti-aircraft and anti-tank Artillery gun from World War II. Subsequent attempts to reinforce other sites with even thicker concrete diverted resources from other projects. [2]
Lorient, France	August 6, 1944	Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson dropped one Tallboy at the Keroman U-boat pen. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. [3]
Lorient, France	August 7, 1944	The Tallboy bombing mission to Lorient was scrubbed[3]
La Pallice	August 8, 1944	Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson dropped one Tallboy bomb. Lorient, or L'Orient, (An Oriant is a commune and a Seaport in the Morbihan département, of Brittany. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 [3]
La Pallice & Bordeaux	August 11, 1944	53 Lancasters and 3 Mosquitos of No 5 Group attacked U-boat pens at Bordeaux and La Pallice with 2,000lb armour-piercing bombs, but the bombs did not penetrate the roofs. La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. The Gironde is a navigable Estuary (often falsely referred to as a River) in southwest France and is formed from the meeting of the rivers Dordogne Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. No aircraft lost. [2]
Brest, La Pallice, & Bordeaux	August 12, 1944	68 Lancasters of No 1 Group and 2 Mosquitos of No 5 Group attacked pens at Brest, La Pallice and Bordeaux without loss. Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. The Gironde is a navigable Estuary (often falsely referred to as a River) in southwest France and is formed from the meeting of the rivers Dordogne Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A U-boat was believed to have been hit at La Pallice. [2]
Brest	August 13, 1944	28 Lancasters and 1 Mosquito of No 5 Group attacked the U-boat pens and shipping at Brest. Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hits were claimed on the pens, on the hulk of an old French battleship, the Clémenceau, and on a medium-sized tanker. The object of the attacks on ships was to prevent the Germans using any of the large ships in Brest to block the harbour just before its capture by American troops. [2]
La Pallice & Bordeaux	August 16, 1944	25 Lancasters and 1 Mosquito of No 5 Group to attack the U-boat pens at La Pallice found the target was cloud-covered and only 3 aircraft bombed. La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. The Gironde is a navigable Estuary (often falsely referred to as a River) in southwest France and is formed from the meeting of the rivers Dordogne Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. No aircraft lost. [2]
La Pallice	August 17, 1944	Mission 559: A B-17 Flying Fortress dropped BATTY TV bombs on La Pallice. La Pallice is the industrial harbour of the city of La Rochelle, France. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Bat was a Radar -guided Glide bomb developed by the United States Navy during World War II. [4] One impacted 1 mile (1. 6 km) short and the second about 1 mile to the right of the target. [5]
Ijmuiden	August 28, 1944	Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson dropped one Tallboy bomb. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 [3]
Heligoland	September 3, 1944	The US Navy controller flew the SAU-1 drone (B-17 42-63954)[6] into Duene Island by mistake. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Aphrodite was the Code name of a secret program initiated by the United States Army Air Forces during the latter part of World War II.
Heligoland	September 11, 1944	During the first Castor mission of Operation Aphrodite, the pilot of B-17 42-30180 (Guzzlers) was killed when his parachute failed to open at bailout. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Aphrodite was the Code name of a secret program initiated by the United States Army Air Forces during the latter part of World War II. [7]
Heligoland	October 15, 1944	Mission 678A:[4] B-17 42-30039 Liberty Belle[1] (differs from 42-30096 'Liberty Belle' lost due to accidental on-board fire and the Liberty Belle (B-17) 44-85734) and B-17 42-37743 of Operation Aphrodite attacked the Heligoland U-boat pens. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Liberty Foundation’s B-17G Liberty Belle is a B-17 Flying Fortress bomber made near the end of the World War II. Operation Aphrodite was the Code name of a secret program initiated by the United States Army Air Forces during the latter part of World War II. [7]
Bergen	October 28/29, 1944	237 Lancasters and 7 Mosquitos of No 5 Group attack the U-boat pens at Bergen. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The area was cloud-covered and the Master Bomber tried to bring the force down below 5,000ft but cloud was still encountered and he ordered the raid to be abandoned after only 47 Lancasters had bombed. 3 Lancasters lost. [2]
Heligoland	October 30, 1944	Mission 693A:[4] One Castor Operation Aphrodite drone (B-17 42-30066 MugWump) lost contact and went out of control and crashed near Trollhattan, Sweden. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Aphrodite was the Code name of a secret program initiated by the United States Army Air Forces during the latter part of World War II. The other drone was B-17 42-3438. [7]
Ijmuiden	December 15, 1944	Flight Lieutenant Thomas Clifford Iveson dropped one Tallboy. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3]
Ijmuiden	December 30, 1944	13 Lancasters of No 617 Squadron set out to bomb the U-boat pens at Ijmuiden but the raid was abandoned because of bad weather. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2]
Ijmuiden	January 12, 1945	No 617 Squadron attacked the U-boat[3] pens with Tallboys, but smoke obscured the results. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar [2]
Bergen[3]	January 12, 1945	32 Lancasters and 1 de Havilland Mosquito of Nos 9 and 617 Squadrons attacked U-boat pens and shipping in Bergen harbour. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 3 Lancasters of No 617 Squadron and 1 from No. 9 Squadron RAF were lost; the Germans told the local people that 11 bombers had been shot down. No IX (Bomber or 9 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was the first in the service to receive the Panavia A local report says that 3 Tallboys penetrated the 3½-metre-thick roof of the pens and caused severe damage to workshops, offices and stores inside. [2]
Ijmuiden & Poortershaven	February 3, 1945	36 Lancasters attacked U-boat pens at Ijmuiden (No 9 Squadron) and Poortershaven (No 617 Squadron) with Tallboy bombs. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Hits were claimed at both targets without loss. [2]
Ijmuiden	February 8, 1945	15 Lancasters of No 617 Squadron dropped Tallboys on the U-boat pens at Ijmuiden without loss. IJmuiden is a town in the Dutch province of North Holland, the main town of the municipality of Velsen. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar [2]
Oslo Fjord	February 23/24, 1945	73 Lancasters and 10 Mosquitos carried out an accurate attack on a possible U-boat base at Horten on the Oslo Fjord. The Oslofjord (Oslofjorden is a Bay in the south-east of Norway, stretching from an imaginary line between the Torbjørnskjær and Færder lighthouses Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar 1 Lancaster was lost. [2]
Bremen (Farge)[8]	March 27, 1945	20 Lancasters of No. 617 Squadron RAF attacked the Valentin submarine pens,[9] a huge, nearly-ready structure with a concrete roof 23 ft thick. The Valentin submarine pens are in Farge, a small port on the Weser River in Bremen. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar No 617 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is better known as the "Dambusters" squadron The Valentin submarine pens are in Farge, a small port on the Weser River in Bremen. Two Grand Slam bombs penetrated two metres and detonated[9], which rendered the shelter unusable. The Grand Slam was a 22000 lb Earth quake bomb used by RAF Bomber Command against strategic targets during the Second World War. No aircraft were lost. [2]
Hamburg	April 9, 1945	17 aircraft of No. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar 617 Squadron with Grand Slams and Tallboy bombs successfully attacked the U-boat shelters. The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 No aircraft were lost. [2]
Kiel	April 9/10, 1944	591 Lancasters and 8 Mosquitos of Nos 1, 3 and 8 Groups to Kiel. Deutsche Werke was a German Shipbuilding company founded in 1925 when Kaiserliche Werft Kiel and other shipyards were merged Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 3 Lancasters lost. This was an accurate raid, made in good visibility on two aiming points in the harbour area. Photographic reconnaissance showed that the Deutsche Werke U-boat yard was severely damaged, the pocket battleship Admiral Scheer was hit and capsized, the Admiral Hipper and the Emden were badly damaged. The local diary says that all 3 shipyards in the port were hit and that the nearby residential areas were severely damaged. [2]
Kiel	April 13/14, 1944	377 Lancasters and 105 Halifaxes of Nos 3, 6 and 8 Groups to Kiel. Deutsche Werke was a German Shipbuilding company founded in 1925 when Kaiserliche Werft Kiel and other shipyards were merged Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2 Lancasters lost. This raid was directed against the port area, with the U-boat yards as the main objective. Bomber Command rated this as 'a poor attack' with scattered bombing. [2]
Heligoland	April 18, 1945	969 aircraft - 617 Avro Lancasters, 332 Handley Page Halifaxes, 20 de Havilland Mosquitos of all groups - successfully used Tallboy bombs to attack the Naval base, airfield, & town into crater-pitted moonscapes. Heligoland (Helgoland Heligolandic: deät Lun) is a small German Archipelago in the North Sea. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Tallboy was an Earth quake bomb developed by Barnes Wallis and brought into operation by the British in 1944 A moonscape is an area or vista of the lunar landscape (generally of the Earth 's Moon) or a visual representation of this such as in a Painting. 3 Halifaxes were lost,[2] and the islands were evacuated the following night.

References and Note

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