The Subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada and Siberia, the north of Scandinavia, northern Mongolia and the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East ( Postal map spelling: Heilungkiang Manchu: Sahaliyan ula is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern Generally, subarctic regions fall between 50°N and 70°N latitude, depending on local climates.

Climate and soils

Monthly temperatures are above 10 °C for at least one and at most three months of the year. tends to be low due to the low moisture content of the cold air. Typically there is a summer maximum in precipitation ranging from moderate in North America to extreme in the Russian Far East. Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i Except in the wettest areas, glaciers are largely absent because of the lack of winter precipitation; in the wettest areas, however, glaciers tend to be very abundant and Pleistocene glaciation covered even the lowest elevations. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. Soils of the subarctic are generally very acidic largely because of the influence of the vegetation both in the taiga and in peaty bogs, which tends to acidify the soil, as well as the extreme ease with which leaching of nutrients takes place even in the most heavily glaciated regions. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are A bog or mire is a Wetland type that accumulates Acidic Peat, a deposit of dead plant material &ndash usually Mosses but also The dominant orders are Spodosols and further north Gelisols. In Soil science, Podsol (also spelled Podzol, or known as Spodosol) are the typical Soils of Coniferous, or Boreal forests Gelisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy. They are Soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing Permafrost within two metres of the

Subarctic regions are often characterized by taiga forest vegetation, though where winters are relatively mild, as in northern Norway, broadleaf forest may occur - though in some cases soils remain too saturated almost throughout the year to sustain any tree growth and the dominant vegetation is a peaty herbland dominated by grasses and sedges. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests North Norway ( Norwegian: Nord-Norge ( Bokmål) or Nord-Noreg ( Nynorsk) is the geographical region of northern A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Typically, there are only a few species of large terrestrial mammals in the subarctic regions, the most important being moose (Alces alces), bears, reindeer Rangifer tarandus, and the wolf (Canis lupus). Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The moose (North America or elk (Europe Alces alces, is the largest extant Species in the Deer family. The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora Agriculture is mainly limited to animal husbandry, though in some areas barley can be grown. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Canada and Siberia are very rich in minerals, notably nickel, molybdenum. Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Molybdenum (məˈlɪbdənəm from the Greek word for the metal " Lead " is a Group 6 Chemical element with the symbol Mo cobalt, lead, zinc and (since the 1940s) uranium, whilst the Grand Banks and Sea of Okhotsk are two of the richest fisheries in the world and provide support for many small towns. Cobalt (ˈkoʊbɒlt is a hard lustrous silver-grey Metal, a Chemical element with symbol Co. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the The Sea of Okhotsk ( Russian: Охо́тское мо́ре English Transliteration: Okhotskoye More) is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing.

Except for those areas adjacent to warm ocean currents, there is almost always continuous permafrost due to the very cold winters. An ocean current is continuous directed movement of Ocean water. This article is about frozen ground For other meanings see Permafrost (disambiguation. This means that building in most subarctic regions is very difficult and expensive: cities are very few (Murmansk being the largest) and generally small, whilst roads are few and railways non-existent. Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. An important consequence is that transportation tends to be restricted to "bush" planes, helicopters and, in summer, river boats. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys.

Economy

Except for a few parts of Europe where the winters are relatively mild due to prevailing wind patterns, subarctic regions were not explored until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Even then, the difficulty of transportation ensured that few settlements (most of them created for mining) lasted long - the ghost towns of the Yukon, Northwest Territories and increasingly Siberia illustrate this. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory

The Trans-Siberian Railway, which skirts the edge of the region, provided a major boost to Russian settlement in the subarctic, as did the intensive industrialisation under Stalin that relied on the enormous mineral resources of the Central Siberian Plateau. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Central Siberian Plateau (Среднесиби́рское плоского́рье is made up of sharply demarcated surfaces of varying altitudes occupying most of Siberia Today, many towns in subarctic Russia are declining precipitously as former mines close. In Canada, after the early minerals run out, development stalled until hydroelectric development occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water Hydro-Québec in particular has carried out many remarkable engineering works in regions of near-continuous permafrost, but these have never supported a significant population and have mainly served densely populated southern Québec. Hydro-Québec is a Crown corporation that provides electricity to Quebec, Canada and the north-eastern parts of the United States Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk

Tourism in recent years has become a major source of revenue for most countries of the subarctic due to the beautiful, generally glacial, lanscapes so characteristic of the region. Most areas in the subarctic are among the most expensive places in the world to visit, both due to high costs of living and extreme difficulties of transport. Nonetheless, the great opportunities for outdoor recreation lure an ever-increasing number of travellers. At the same time, the older industries of the subarctic (fishing, mining, hydroelectric power) are being threatened both by environmental opposition and overfishing leading to depleted stocks of commercially important species.

See also

• Subarctic climate

Regions having a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) are characterized by long usually very cold winters and brief warm summers

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