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For other uses, see Stuttgart (disambiguation).
Stuttgart
Stuttgart Schlossplatz (Castle square)
Stuttgart Schlossplatz (Castle square)
Coat of arms Location
Coat of arms of Stuttgart
Stuttgart (Germany)
Stuttgart
Administration
Country Flag of Germany Germany
State Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region Stuttgart
District Urban district
City subdivisions 23 districts
Lord Mayor Wolfgang Schuster (CDU)
Basic statistics
Area 207. Schlossplatz is the largest square in the centre of the city of Stuttgart and home to the New Castle which was built between 1746 and 1807 Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Stuttgart is one of the four administrative districts ( Regierungsbezirke of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the north-east of the state of German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 36 km² (80. 1 sq mi)
Elevation 245 m  (804 ft)
Population  590,429  (29/02/2008)[1]
 - Density 2,847 /km² (7,375 /sq mi)
Founded 10th century
Other information
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate S
Postal codes 70173–70619
Area code 0711
Website www.stuttgart.de

Coordinates: 48°46′43″N 09°10′46″E / 48.77861, 9.17944

Stuttgart (IPA: [ˈʃtʊtgaʁt]) is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 590,429 (February 2008) while the metropolitan area referred to as Stuttgart Region has a population of 3. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Stuttgart Region ( Baden-Württemberg, Germany consists of the city of Stuttgart and the surrounding districts of Ludwigsburg, Esslingen 46 million (February 2007)[2]. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

The city lies at the centre of a heavily populated area, circled by a ring of smaller towns. The inner urban area has a population of 2. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality 63 million making 'greater Stuttgart' the third biggest city region in Germany after the Ruhr Area and Berlin. The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Stuttgart is spread across a variety of hills, valleys and parks - unusual for German cities and often a cause of surprise to visitors who primarily associate the city with its industrial reputation as the "Cradle of the automobile". Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Stuttgart has the status of Stadtkreis, a type of self-administrating urban county. An independent city is a City that does not form part of another general-purpose Local government entity It is also the seat of the regional parliament, local council and the Protestant State Church of Württemberg as well as one of the two co-seats of the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.

The city's motto is "Stuttgart is more" (to tourists; to business it describes itself as "Standort Zukunft", translated by town hall marketing as "Where business meets the future"). A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group In 2007 the Bürgermeister marketed Stuttgart to foreign investors as "The creative power of Germany". Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress Under current plans to improve transport links to the international infrastructure (as part of the Stuttgart 21 project), in March 2008 the city unveiled a new logo and slogan, describing itself as "Das neue Herz Europas" ("The new heart of Europe")[3]. Stuttgart 21 is a German rail project to build a new underground through station for Stuttgart, crossing the southern end of the current Stuttgart central

Stuttgart is nicknamed the Schwabenmetropole (Swabian metropolis), a reference to the Swabian dialect spoken by the locals. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic Swabian ( Schwäbisch) is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German, spoken in the region of Swabia.

Contents

Geography

Stuttgart lies about an hour from the Black Forest and a similar distance from the Swabian Jura. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. The Swabian Alb (Schwäbische Alb is a low mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, extending 220 km from southwest to northeast and 40 to 70 km The city centre lies in a lush valley, nestling between vineyards and thick woodland close to the River Neckar. The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse In the hot summer months local residents refer to this area as the "Stuttgart cauldron". A cauldron or caldron (from Latin Caldarium, hot bath is a large Metal pot ( Kettle) for cooking and/or boiling

Stuttgart covers an area of 207 square kilometres (80 sq mi). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation ranges from 207 metres above sea level by the Neckar river to 549 metres on Bernhartshöhe hill. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse As a result there are more than 400 flights of stairs around the city (called "Stäffele" in local dialect), equivalent to approximately 20 kilometres of steps. Many originate from the time when vineyards lined the entire valley. Even today there are vineyards less than 500 metres from the Main Station. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany.

Panorama of Stuttgart looking South East. From the Neckar valley on the left the city rises to the city centre, backdropped by high woods to the south (television tower). Stuttgart South and West are to the right.
Panorama of Stuttgart looking South East. From the Neckar valley on the left the city rises to the city centre, backdropped by high woods to the south (television tower). The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse The Fernsehturm Stuttgart (TV Tower Stuttgart is the world's first TV tower built from Concrete (and prototype for many towers of that kind all over the Stuttgart South and West are to the right.

City districts

The city of Stuttgart is subdivided into a total of 23 city districts, 5 inner districts and 17 outer districts.

The inner districts are: Central Stuttgart, Stuttgart North, East, South and West.

The outer districts are:

The city centre in winter
The city centre in winter

Stuttgart's metropolitan area (the political entity "Stuttgart Region") encompasses the nearby towns of Ludwigsburg with its enormous baroque palace, Böblingen, Esslingen, Waiblingen, Göppingen and their respective districts. Stuttgart Region ( Baden-Württemberg, Germany consists of the city of Stuttgart and the surrounding districts of Ludwigsburg, Esslingen Ludwigsburg is a city in Germany, about 12 km (7 miles north of Stuttgart 's city center near the river Neckar. Ludwigsburg Palace is one of Germany 's largest Baroque palaces and features an enormous baroque garden Böblingen is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, seat of Böblingen District. Esslingen am Neckar is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest Waiblingen is a town in the southwest of Germany, located in the center of the densely populated Stuttgart Region, directly neighboring Stuttgart. Göppingen is a city in southern Germany, part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg.

Climate

Stuttgart has a continental climate. Continental climate is a Climate that is characterized by Winter Temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of Snow cover each Year In the summer months, the nearby Black Forest and Swabian Alb hills act as a shield from severe weather but the city can also be subject to thunderstorms in the summer months and periods of snow lasting several days in the winter. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. The Swabian Alb (Schwäbische Alb is a low mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, extending 220 km from southwest to northeast and 40 to 70 km The centre of the city, referred to by locals as the "Kessel" (cauldron) experiences more severe heat in the summer and less snow in the winter than the suburbs. Lying as it does at the centre of the European continent, the temperature range between day and night or summer and winter can be extreme. On average Stuttgart enjoys 1693 hours of sunshine per year[4].

Winters last from December to March. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of 0 °C (30 °F). Snow cover tends to last no longer than a few days although it has been known to last a couple of weeks as recently as 2004. The summers are warm with an average temperature of 20 °C (70 °F) in the hottest months of July and August. The summers last from May until September.

Weather averages for Stuttgart, Germany
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 3 (37) 4 (40) 9 (49) 12 (54) 17 (63) 20. 5 (69) 23 (73) 23 (73) 19 (66) 14 (57) 8 (46) 4 (40) 13 (56)
Average low °C (°F) -3 (27) -3 (27) 0. 5 (33) 3 (37) 7 (45) 10. 5 (51) 13 (55) 9 (49) 8 (48) 5 (41) 0. 5 (33) -2 (29) 4 (40)
Precipitation cm (inches) 4. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8 (1. 9) 4. 6 (1. 8) 4. 3 (1. 7) 6. 1 (2. 4) 8. 6 (3. 4) 8. 6 (3. 4) 7. 4 (2. 9) 8. 4 (3. 3) 8. 6 (3. 4) 5. 8 (2. 3) 4. 6 (1. 8) 4. 6 (1. 8) 73. 4 (28. 9)
Source: Weatherbase[5] Mar 2008

History

Pre 19th century

The first known settlement of Stuttgart was around the end of the 1st century A. D. with the establishment of a Roman fort in the modern district of Cannstatt on the banks of the river Neckar. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse The Romans withdrew in around 260 A. D. following the invasion of the Alamanni from the north. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany Although nothing is known about Cannstatt during the period of Barbarian Invasion it is believed that the area remained inhabited as it is mentioned in Abbey of St. Gall archives dating back to 700 A. The Abbey of St Gall (Sankt Gallen was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine Abbeys in Europe D. [6]

The 'Old Castle' which dates back to 950
The 'Old Castle' which dates back to 950

Stuttgart itself was probably founded around 950 A. The Old Castle (German Altes Schloss) is located in the centre of Stuttgart, the capital of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. Events By Place Europe Duke Boleslav I of Bohemia makes peace with Otto I. D. shortly before the Battle of Lechfeld by Duke Liudolf of Swabia, one of the sons of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I the Great. The Battle of Lechfeld ( 10 August 955) perhaps the defining event for holding off the incursions of the Magyars into Central Europe, was a decisive Liudolf (930&ndash 6 September 957) was the Duke of Swabia from 950 until 954 Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke The town was used for breeding cavalry horses in fertile meadows at the very centre of today's city, although recent archaeological excavations indicate that this area was already home to Merovingian farmers. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin [7]

A gift registry from Hirsau Abbey dated around 1160 mentioned "Hugo de Stuokarten", confirmation of the existence of the Stuttgart of today. Hirsau Abbey, formerly known as Hirschau, was once one of the most prominent Benedictine abbeys of Germany.

Between this time and the 14th century, the settlement was owned by the Margraves of Baden and the Württemberg towns of Backnang and Besigheim. Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France primarily consisting of territory along the Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. Backnang is a Town in Germany, in the Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, roughly 30 Kilometers northeast of Stuttgart. Besigheim is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

The "New Castle" on Schlossplatz which was built between 1746 and 1807
The "New Castle" on Schlossplatz which was built between 1746 and 1807

In around 1300 Stuttgart became the residence of the Counts of Württemberg who expanded the growing settlement into the capital of their territory ('Territorialstaat'). The New Castle (das Neue Schloss is a building in Stuttgart, Germany which stands on the south edge of the central square ( Schlossplatz) Schlossplatz is the largest square in the centre of the city of Stuttgart and home to the New Castle which was built between 1746 and 1807 Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. Stuttgart was elevated to the status of city in 1321 when it became the official royal residence. The territory around Stuttgart was known as the County of Württemberg before the counts were elevated to dukes by the Holy Roman Emperor in 1495 when Stuttgart became the Duchy capital and Ducal residence. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess.

The name Württemberg originates from a steep hill in Stuttgart, formerly known as Wirtemberg. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany.

In the 18th century, Stuttgart temporarily surrendered its residence status after Eberhard Ludwig founded Ludwigsburg to the north of the city. Duke Eberhard Ludwig ( 18 September 1676 – 31 October 1733) was the tenth duke of Württemberg, from 1692 until 1733 Ludwigsburg is a city in Germany, about 12 km (7 miles north of Stuttgart 's city center near the river Neckar. In 1775, Karl Eugen requested a return to Stuttgart, ordering the construction of the New Castle. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Karl Eugen Duke of Württemberg ( 11 February 1728 &ndash 24 October 1793) was the eldest son of Duke Karl I Alexander and Maria The New Castle (das Neue Schloss is a building in Stuttgart, Germany which stands on the south edge of the central square ( Schlossplatz)

19th and 20th century

In 1803 Stuttgart was proclaimed capital of Württemberg Kurfürstentum (ruled by a Prince-elector) until Napoleon Bonaparte's breakup of the Holy Roman Empire in 1805 when Stuttgart became capital of the Kingdom of Württemberg. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The Kingdom of Württemberg (Königreich Württemberg was a state that existed from 1806 to 1918 and is currently located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The royal residence was expanded under Frederick I of Württemberg although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings including the Wilhelm Palace, Katharina Hospital, the State Gallery, the Villa Berg and the Königsbau were built under the reign of King Wilhelm I. Frederick I (Friedrich I Wilhelm Karl November 6, 1754 &ndash October 30, 1816) was the first King of Württemberg. The Wilhelmspalais is a Palais located on the Charlottenplatz in Stuttgart-Mitte. The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart ( State Gallery) is an Art gallery and Art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, opened in 1843. William I of Württemberg (Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Württemberg September 27, 1781 - June 25, 1864) was King of Württemberg from

The Wilhelm Palace of 1840, now the city library
The Wilhelm Palace of 1840, now the city library

Stuttgart's development as a city was impeded in the 19th century by its location. The Wilhelmspalais is a Palais located on the Charlottenplatz in Stuttgart-Mitte. It was not until the opening of the Main Station in 1846 that the city underwent an economic revival. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The population at the time was around 50,000.

During the revolution of 1848/1849, a democratic pan-German national parliament (Frankfurt Parliament) was formed in Frankfurt to overcome the division of Germany. " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. The Frankfurt Parliament ( German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected Parliament After long discussions, the parliament decided to offer the title of the German emperor to King Frederick William IV of Prussia. Life Frederick William was educated by private tutors many of whom were experienced civil servants such as Friedrich Ancillon. As the democratic movement became weaker, the German princes regained control of their independent states. Finally, the Prussian king declined the revolutionaries' offer. The members of parliament were driven out of Frankfurt and the most radical members (who wanted to establish a republic) fled to Stuttgart. A short while later, this rump parliament was dissolved by the Württemberg military. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those

By 1871 Stuttgart boasted 91,000 inhabitants and by the time Gottlieb Daimler invented the automobile in a small workshop in Cannstatt the population had risen rapidly to 176,000. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. [8]

In 1871, as an autonomous kingdom, Württemberg joined the German Empire created by Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister of Prussia, during the unification of Germany. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) The unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Prussian Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck managed to unify a number of independent

Stuttgart around 1900
Stuttgart around 1900

At the end of the First World War the monarchy broke down and the Free State of Württemberg was established, as a part of the Weimar Republic. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Free state is a term occasionally used in the official titles of some states The Free People's State of Württemberg (Freier Volksstaat Württemberg was the official name of the state of Württemberg during the Weimar Republic. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Stuttgart was proclaimed the capital.

In 1920 Stuttgart became the seat of the German National Government (after the administration flee from Berlin, see Kapp Putsch). Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Kapp Putsch — or more accurately the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch — was a 1920 coup attempt during the German revolution aimed at overthrowing the

Under Nazi Germany, Stuttgart began deportation of Jewish inhabitants in 1939. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Around sixty percent of the German Jewish population had fled by the time restrictions on their movement were imposed on 1 October 1941 at which point Jews living in Württemberg were forced to live in "Jewish apartments" before being "concentrated" on the former Trade Fair grounds in Killesberg. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 On 1 December 1941 the first deportation trains were organised to Riga. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Only 180 Jews from Württemberg held in concentration camps survived. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial [6]

During World War II, the centre of Stuttgart was nearly completely destroyed due to Allied air raids. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The bombing of Stuttgart in World War II was a series of 53 air raids that formed part of the strategic air offensive of the Allies against Germany. Some of the most severe bombing took place in 1944 at the hands of Anglo-American bombers. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The heaviest raid took place on 12 September 1944 when the Royal Air Force bombed the old town of Stuttgarter dropping over 184,000 bombs including 75 blockbusters. Blockbuster or cookie was the name given to several of the largest conventional Bombs used in World War II by the Royal Air Force (RAF More than 1000 people perished in the resutling firestorm. A firestorm is a Conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system In total Stuttgart was subjected to 53 bombing raids, resulting in the destruction of 68% of all buildings and the death of 4477 people.

In 1945 the Allied Forces took control of Germany, spearheaded by the French army which occupied Stuttgart until the city fell into the American military occupation zone. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar An early concept of the Marshall Plan aimed at supporting reconstruction and economic/political recovery across Europe was presented during a speech given by US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes at the Stuttgart Opera House. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger James Francis Byrnes ( May 2, 1879 April 9, 1972) was an American statesman from the state of South Carolina. His speech led directly to the unification of the British and American occupation zones, resulting in the 'bi-zone' (later the 'tri-zone' including the French). When the Federal Republic of Germany was founded on 7 October 1949, Stuttgart, like Frankfurt, was a serious contender to become the federal capital, but finally Bonn succeeded. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia

Parts of the former German States of Baden and Württemberg were merged in 1952 leading to founding of the new state of Baden-Württemberg, now Germany's third largest state. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Recent

During the Cold War, Stuttgart became home to the joint command centre of all United States military forces in Europe, Africa and the Atlantic (US European Command, EUCOM). Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the EUCOM is still headquartered there today. Composition The main combat power of EUCOM is formed around the US Seventh Army, US Sixth Fleet and Third Air Force. U. S. Army bases in and around Stuttgart include or included the following: Patch Barracks (HQ EUCOM), Robinson Barracks, Panzer Kaserne, Kelley Barracks[9]. Patch Barracks is a well-known US military installation in Stuttgart -Vaihingen in Germany. Kelley Barracks is a US military installation in Stuttgart -Möhringen in Germany.

First Stuttgart coat of arms in 1286
First Stuttgart coat of arms in 1286

In the late 1970s, the district of Stammheim was centre stage of one of the most controversial periods of German post-war history during the trial of Red Army Faction members at Stammheim high-security court. Stammheim may refer to Stammheim Prison - the high security prison north of Stuttgart Germany The Red Army Faction or RAF ( German Rote Armee Fraktion) (in its early stages commonly known as Baader-Meinhof Group ''Gang'' was one After the trial, Ulrike Meinhof, Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe committed suicide in Stammheim. Ulrike Marie Meinhof ( October 7, 1934 in Oldenburg, Germany &ndash May 9, 1976 in Stuttgart, Andreas Bernd Baader ( 6 May 1943 – 18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the German organization Red Army Faction Several attempts were made to free the terrorists by force or blackmail during the 'German Autumn' of 1977, culminating in the abduction and murder of the German industrialist and President of the German Employers' Association Hanns Martin Schleyer as well as the hijacking of Lufthansa flight LH181. The German Autumn ( Deutscher Herbst) was a set of events in late 1977 revolving around the Kidnapping and murder of former Nazi party member and Lufthansa Flight 181, commonly known as The Landshut (ˈlants

In 1978 Stuttgart's suburban railway came into operation. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Current Lines All lines lead through the city centre of Stuttgart

Origin of the city's name and its coat of arms

Stuttgart's coat of arms shows a black horse on its hind legs on a yellow background. It was first used in its current format in 1938 before when various designs and colours had been used, often with two horses. The canting seal pictured here reflects the origin of the name "Stuttgart". Canting arms is a technique used in European Heraldry whereby the name of the individual or community represented in a Coat of arms is "translated" into The name in Old High German was "stuotgarten", with "stuot" cognate with the Old English term "stod" (Modern English: "stud", relating to the breeding of horses). The Old High German term "garten" referred to the compound on the site of the original settlement.

Landmarks, sights and culture

The State Opera House
The State Opera House

The inner city

At the centre of Stuttgart lies its main square, Schlossplatz. The Staatstheater Stuttgart (Stuttgart National Theatre is an opera house in Stuttgart, Germany. Schlossplatz is the largest square in the centre of the city of Stuttgart and home to the New Castle which was built between 1746 and 1807 As well as being the largest square in Stuttgart, it stands at the crossover point between the city's shopping area, Schlossgarten park which runs down to the river Neckar, Stuttgart's two central castles and major museums and residential areas to the south west. The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse

Although the city centre was heavily damaged during World War II, many historic buildings have been reconstructed and the city boasts some fine pieces of modern post-war architecture. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Buildings and squares of note in the inner city include:

The Alte Kanzlei on Schillerplatz
The Alte Kanzlei on Schillerplatz
The Haus der Wirtschaft (House of Commerce)
The Haus der Wirtschaft (House of Commerce)

Architecture in other districts

A number of significant castles stand in Stuttgart's suburbs and beyond as reminders of the city's royal past. These include:

Other landmarks in and around Stuttgart include (see also museums below):

Parks, lakes, cemeteries and other places of interest

Killesberg park with fountains and vineyards in the background
Killesberg park with fountains and vineyards in the background

At the centre of Stuttgart lies a series of gardens referred to by locals as the Green U and popular with families and cyclists. Leinfelden-Echterdingen is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 It starts with the old Schlossgarten, castle gardens first mentioned in records in 1350. The modern park stretches down to the river Neckar and is divided into the upper garden (bordering the Old Castle, the Main Station, the State Theater and the State Parliament building), and the middle and lower gardens - a total of 61 hectares. The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse The Old Castle (German Altes Schloss) is located in the centre of Stuttgart, the capital of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany. The Staatstheater Stuttgart (Stuttgart National Theatre is an opera house in Stuttgart, Germany. The park also houses Stuttgart planetarium.

At the far end of Schlossgarten lies the second Green U park, the larger Rosensteinpark which borders Stuttgart's Wilhelma zoo and botanical gardens. This article is about the zoo For the templer settlement see Wilhelma Palestine Wilhelma is a Zoo in Stuttgart, Planted by King William I of Württemberg, it contains many old trees and open areas and counts as the largest English-style garden in southern Germany. William I of Württemberg (Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Württemberg September 27, 1781 - June 25, 1864) was King of Württemberg from In the grounds of the park stands the former Rosenstein castle, now the Rosenstein museum.

Beyond bridges over an adjacent main road lies the final Green U park, Killesbergpark or 'Höhenpark' which is a former quarry that was converted for the Third Reich garden show of 1939 (and was used as a collection point for Jews awaiting transportation to concentration camps). Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial The park has been used to stage many gardening shows since the 1950s, including the Bundesgartenschau and 1993 International Gardening Show, and runs miniatures trains all around the park in the summer months for children and adults. The Bundesgartenschau ( abbr BUGA is the biannual Federal Horticulture show in Germany. The viewing tower (Killesbergturm) offers unique views across to the north east of Stuttgart.

Wilhelma Zoo and Botanical Garden, around 1900
Wilhelma Zoo and Botanical Garden, around 1900

On the northern edge of the Rosensteinpark is the famous "Wilhelma", Germany's only combined zoological and botanical garden. This article is about the zoo For the templer settlement see Wilhelma Palestine Wilhelma is a Zoo in Stuttgart, This article is about the zoo For the templer settlement see Wilhelma Palestine Wilhelma is a Zoo in Stuttgart, The whole compound, with its ornate pavillions, greenhouses, walls and gardens was built around 1850 as a summer palace in moorish style for King Wilhelm I of Württemberg. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. It currently houses around 8000 animals and some 5000 plant species and contains the biggest magnolia grove in Europe. Magnolia is a large Genus of about 210 Flowering plant Species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family

Other parks in Stuttgart include the gardens at Castle Hohenheim (which date back to 1776 and are still used to catalogue and research plant species), Uhlandshöhe hill (between the city centre, Bad Cannstatt and Frauenkopf, and home to Stuttgart observatory), the Weißenburgpark (a five hectare park in the Bopser area of Stuttgart South which dates back to 1834 and is now home to a 'tea house' and the 'marble room' and offers a relaxing view across the city centre), the Birkenkopf (at 511 metres the highest point in central Stuttgart, where many ruins were laid to commemorate the Second World War), the Eichenhain park in Sillenbuch (declared a nature reserve in 1958 and home to 200 oak trees, many 300-400 years old). Stuttgart-Hohenheim is a suburb of Stuttgart in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin

There are number of natural and artificial lakes and ponds in Stuttgart. The largest is the Max-Eyth-See which was created in 1935 by reclaiming a former quarry and is now an official nature reserve. It is surrounded by an expansive open area overlooked by vineyards on the banks of the river Neckar near Mühlhausen). The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse Mühlhausen (official Mühlhausen/Thüringen) is a City in the Federal state Thuringia, Germany.

Feuersee, in the area of the same name in Stuttgart West.
Feuersee, in the area of the same name in Stuttgart West.

There are expansive areas of woodland to the west and south west of Stuttgart which are popular with walkers, families, cyclists and ramblers. The most frequented lakes form a 3km trio made up of the Bärensee, Neuer See and Pfaffensee. The lakes are also used for local water supplies.

In the Feuersee area in the west of Stuttgart lies one of two "Feuersee"s (literally fire lakes), striking for its views of the church across the lake, surrounded by nearby houses and offices. The other Feuersee can be found in Vaihingen. Vaihingen refers to two places close to or part of Stuttgart, Germany Stuttgart-Vaihingen, formerly Vaihingen auf den Fildern

Cemeteries in Stuttgart include:

The districts of Bad Cannstatt and Berg are home to the second largest mineral spas in Europe (only surpassed by the baths of Budapest). Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political,

Culture and events

Main building and baroque gardens of Ludwigsburg Palace
Main building and baroque gardens of Ludwigsburg Palace

Stuttgart is known for its strong cultural heritage, in particular its State Theatre (Staatstheater) and State Gallery (Staatsgallerie). Ludwigsburg Palace is one of Germany 's largest Baroque palaces and features an enormous baroque garden The Staatstheater Stuttgart (Stuttgart National Theatre is an opera house in Stuttgart, Germany. The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart ( State Gallery) is an Art gallery and Art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, opened in 1843. The Staatstheater is home to the State opera and three smaller theatres and it regularly stages opera, ballet and theatre productions as well as concerts. The Staatstheater Stuttgart (Stuttgart National Theatre is an opera house in Stuttgart, Germany. Staatsoper Stuttgart ( Stuttgart State Opera) is an Opera company in Stuttgart. The Staatstheater was named Germany/Austria/Switzerland "Theatre of the year" in 2006; Stuttgart Opera has won the "Opera of the year" award six times. The Staatstheater Stuttgart (Stuttgart National Theatre is an opera house in Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart Ballet is connected to names like John Cranko and Marcia Haydée. Stuttgart Ballet was the first major German Ballet company which rose to fame in the 1960s under Artistic Director John Cranko in Stuttgart. See also John Cyril Cranko ( 15 August 1927 &ndash 26 June 1973) was a Choreographer with the Sadler's Wells Ballet (which

The city also offers two broadway-style musical theatres, the Apollo and the Palladium Theater (each approx. 1800 seats). Ludwigsburg Palace in the nearby town of Ludwigsburg is also used throughout the year as a venue for concerts and cultural events. Ludwigsburg Palace is one of Germany 's largest Baroque palaces and features an enormous baroque garden Ludwigsburg is a city in Germany, about 12 km (7 miles north of Stuttgart 's city center near the river Neckar.

The Schleyerhalle sports arena is regularly used to stage rock and pop concerts with major international stars on European tour. Schleyerhalle is an indoor sporting arena located in Stuttgart, Germany.

Stuttgart's Swabian cuisine, beer and wine have been produced in the area since the 1600s and are now famous throughout Germany and beyond. For example, Gaisburger Marsch is a stew that was invented in Stuttgart's Gaisburg area of Stuttgart South. Gaisburger Marsch (German for "march of Gaisburg" is a traditional Swabian beef Stew, named after Gaisburg, a district of Stuttgart

The Stuttgart "Volksfest"
The Stuttgart "Volksfest"

In 1993 Stuttgart hosted the International Garden Show in the suburb of Killesberg. The Cannstatter Volksfest/Cannstatter Wasen is an annual two-week festival in Stuttgart, Germany. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 In 2006 it was also one of the host cities of the Football World Cup. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament The city is set to host the 2008 World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships. The World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships is an annual international English language Debating and Public speaking tournament for

Regular events that take place in Stuttgart:

Museums

Entrance to the Old State Gallery
Entrance to the Old State Gallery

Stuttgart is home to five of the eleven state museums in Baden-Württemberg. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Schlossplatz is the largest square in the centre of the city of Stuttgart and home to the New Castle which was built between 1746 and 1807 Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart ( State Gallery) is an Art gallery and Art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, opened in 1843. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. The foremost of these is the old State Gallery (opened in 1843, extended in 1984) which holds art dating from the 14th to 19th century including works by Rubens, Rembrandt, Monet, Renoir, Cézanne and Beuys. The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart ( State Gallery) is an Art gallery and Art museum in Stuttgart, Germany, opened in 1843. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Claude Monet ( French klod mɔnɛ also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (14 November 1840 &ndash 5 December 1926 was a founder Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25, 1841 &ndash December 3, 1919) was a French Artist who was a leading painter in Joseph Beuys (ˈjoːzɛf ˈbɔʏs May 12, 1921 – January 23, Next door to the Old State Gallery is the New State Gallery (1980) with its controversial modern architecture. The Neue Staatsgalerie in Stuttgart, Germany was designed by the British firm James Stirling Michael Wilford and Associates although largely accredited solely Among others, this gallery houses works from Max Beckmann, Dalí, Matisse, Miró, Picasso, Klee, Chagall and Kandinsky. Max Beckmann ( February 12 1884 – December 28 1950) was a German painter, draftsman, Printmaker, Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship Joan Miró i Ferrà ( April 20, 1893 &ndash December 25, 1983) was an ethnic Catalan (of Spanish nationality Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк Wassily Kandinsky (Russian Василий Кандинский first name pronounced as) ( – 13 December 1944 was a Russian painter, Printmaker

The Baden-Württemberg crown jewels on display in the State Museum of Württemberg (Old Castle)
The Baden-Württemberg crown jewels on display in the State Museum of Württemberg (Old Castle)

The Old Castle is also home to the State Museum of Württemberg which was founded in 1862 by William I of Württemberg. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Old Castle (German Altes Schloss) is located in the centre of Stuttgart, the capital of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. The Old Castle (German Altes Schloss) is located in the centre of Stuttgart, the capital of the German State of Baden-Württemberg. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday William I of Württemberg (Wilhelm Friedrich Karl von Württemberg September 27, 1781 - June 25, 1864) was King of Württemberg from The museum traces the rich history of Württemberg with many artefacts from the its dukes, counts and kings, as well as earlier remants dating back to the stone age. History of Württemberg Origins The origin of the name Württemberg remains obscure scholars having universally rejected the once popular derivation from "Wirth The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking On the Karlsplatz side of the Old Castle is a museum dedicated to the memory of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, former resident of Stuttgart who attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944. Claus Philipp Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg ( 15 November 1907 &ndash 21 July 1944) was a German army officer Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately

Other leading museums in Stuttgart include:

The Protestant Stiftskirche (originally built in 1170) pictured around 1900. In the foreground: the memorial on Schiller square.
The Protestant Stiftskirche (originally built in 1170) pictured around 1900. The Porsche Museum is a Museum in the Zuffenhausen district of Stuttgart, Germany on the site of carmaker Porsche. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Theodor Heuss ( 31 January 1884 &ndash 12 December 1963) was a German politician Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German In the foreground: the memorial on Schiller square. Schillerplatz is a square in the old city centre of Stuttgart, Germany named in honour of the German poet philosopher historian and dramatist Friedrich

Churches

Stuttgart is the seat of a Protestant bishop (Protestant State Church of Württemberg) and one of the two co-seats of the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The Stuttgart-based pentecostal Biblische Glaubens-Gemeinde is the largest place of worship (megachurch) in Germany. Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism A megachurch is a church having around 2000 attendants for a typical weekly service [11]

Demographics

The population of Stuttgart declined steadily between 1960 (637,539) and 2000 (586,978). Then low levels of unemployment and attractive secondary education opportunities led to renewed population growth, fuelled especially by young adults from the former East Germany[12]. The (five New Länder ((Fünf Neue Bundesländer is a term describing five reestablished states ( Länder) in the former German Democratic Republic (East For the first time in decades, in 2006 there were also more births in the city than deaths.

In 2000, 22. 8% of the population did not hold German citizenship, in 2006 this had reduced to 21. German citizenship is based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis. 7%. The largest groups of foreign nationals were Turks (22,025), Greeks (14,341), Italians (13,978), Croats (12,985), Serbs (11,547) followed by immigrants from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Portugal, Poland, Austria and France. The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 39% of foreign nationals come from the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Religion

The religious landscape in Stuttgart changed in 1534 as a direct result of the Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Since this time Baden-Württemberg has been predominantly Protestant. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. However since 1975 the number of Protestants in Stuttgart has dropped from around 300,000 to 200,000. In 2000, 33. 7% of inhabitants were Protestant, 27. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 4% were Roman Catholic. At 39%, the largest section of the population now has no religion or follows a religion not accounted for in official statistics.

Stuttgart Town Hall (Rathaus)
Stuttgart Town Hall (Rathaus)

Crime rates

Stuttgart ranks as one of the safest cities in Germany. In 2003, 8535 crimes were committed in Stuttgart for every 100,000 inhabitants (versus the average for all German cities of 12,751)[13]. Figures for 2006 indicate that Stuttgart ranked second behind Munich[14]. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. 60% of Stuttgart crimes were solved in 2003, ranking second behind Nuremberg.

Politics

Stuttgart's current Bürgermeister (mayor) is Wolfgang Schuster of the conservative CDU party (Christian Democratic Union of Germany). Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany.

City government past and present

When Stuttgart was run as a county (or within the Duchy of Württemberg), it was governed by a type of protectorate called a Vogt appointed by the Duke. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. This article is about the title Vogt For the surname see Vogt (surname. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom After 1811 this role was fulfilled by a City Director or "Stadtdirektor". After 1819 the community elected its own community mayor or "Schulthieß". Since 1930 the title of Oberbürgermeister (the nearest equivalent of which would be Lord Mayor in English) has applied to Stuttgart and all other Württemberg towns of more than 20,000 inhabitants. The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition

At the end of the Second World War, French administrators appointed the independent politician Arnulf Klett as Burgomaster, a role he fulfilled without interruption until his death in 1974. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress Since this time Stuttgart has been governed by the CDU. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The previous mayor was Manfred Rommel (son of perhaps the most famous German field marshal of World War II, Erwin Rommel). Manfred Rommel (born December 24, 1928) is a German politician ( CDU) who was Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996 For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ( 15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) (also known as the " Desert Fox " Wüstenfuchs

As the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart is an important political centre in Germany and the seat of the State Parliament, or Landtag as well as all Baden-Württemberg state departments. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Recent election results

Party
Year		 Regional
1999		 European
1999		 State
2001		 National German parliament
2002		 Regional
2004		 European
2004		 City Council
2004 (seats)		 National German parliament
2005
CDU 42. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. 5 % 42. 9 % 37. 1 % 35. 1 % 35. 6 % 37. 4 % 32. 9 % (21) 32. 7 %
SPD 24. 5 % 27. 6 % 36. 3 % 35. 7 % 24. 4 % 21. 2 % 22. 8 % (14) 32. 0 %
FDP 5. The Free Democratic Party ( Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP is a liberal Political party in Germany. 5 % 6. 2 % 9. 2 % 8. 5 % 5. 3 % 7. 7 % 6. 5 % (4) 12. 8 %
Green Party 14. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional 1 % 14. 3 % 11. 5 % 16. 2 % 17. 2 % 22. 1 % 18. 7 % (11) 15. 0 %
Independent 5. In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. 6 % - - - 8. 5 % - 9. 7 % (6) -
Republicans 3. The Republicans (Die Republikaner REP) is a Nationalist conservative Political party in Germany. 6 % 3. 6 % 4. 7 % 1. 0 % 4. 0 % 3. 3 % 3. 9 % (2) 0. 8 %
PDS - - - 1. This article is about the party before the merger with WASG in 2007 4 % 1. 7 % 1. 9 % 1. 8 % (1) 4. 4 %
SÖS - - - - - - 1. 7 % (1) -
Others 1. 5 % 5. 4 % 1. 2% 2. 1 % 3. 4 % 6. 5 % 2. 0 % 2. 3 %
Election turnout 59. 1 % 46. 6 % 65. 5 % 81. 0 % 54. 0 % 51. 9 % 48. 7 % 79. 1 %

Source =Stuttgart election results[4]

Economy

The Stuttgart area is known for its high-tech industry. Some of its most prominent companies include Daimler AG, Porsche, Bosch, Celesio, Hewlett-Packard and IBM -- all of whom have their world or German headquarters here. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Robert Bosch GmbH is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart Germany. Celesio AG ( previously GEHE AG, is a German healthcare and pharmaceutical company represented in 14 countries with a revenue of 22 International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology

The Mercedes-Benz Museum in the Stuttgart district of Bad Cannstatt
The Mercedes-Benz Museum in the Stuttgart district of Bad Cannstatt

Stuttgart is home to Germany's ninth biggest exhibition centre, Stuttgart Trade Fair which lies on the city outskirts next to Stuttgart Airport. The Mercedes-Benz Museum is an Automotive Museum housed in Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Messe Stuttgart is an Exhibition centre and Trade fair next to Stuttgart airport 7 miles south of Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart Airport (in German Flughafen Stuttgart, formerly Flughafen Stuttgart-Echterdingen) is an international airport located approximately 8 miles (13 km Hundreds of SMEs are still based in Stuttgart (the so-called "Mittelstand"), many still in family ownership with strong ties to the automotive, electronics, engineering and high-tech industry. Small and medium enterprises (also SMEs, small and medium businesses, SMBs, and variations thereof are companies whose headcount or Mittelstand normally means a German /Swiss small and medium-sized enterprise (SME

The cradle of the automobile

The motorbike and four-wheel automobile were invented in Stuttgart (by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz; industrialised in 1887 by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach at the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft). Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft ( Daimler Motor Company, DMG was a German Engine and later Automobile manufacturer in operation from 1890 As a result it is considered by many to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as "The cradle of the automobile". Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and Maybach are all produced in Stuttgart and nearby towns. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (ˈmaɪbax (founded 1909 is a German luxury car manufacturer The very first prototypes of the VW Beetle were manufactured in Stuttgart based on a design by Ferdinand Porsche. The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen Prof Dr Ing hc Ferdinand Porsche (

Science and R&D

The region currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations. The phrase research and development (also R and D or more often R&D) according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, refers No other region in Germany registers so many patents and designs as Stuttgart[15]. Almost 45% of Baden-Württemberg scientists involved in R&D are based directly in the Swabian capital. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. More than 11% of all German R&D costs are invested in the Stuttgart Region (approximately 4. 3 billion euros per year). In addition to several universities and colleges (e. g. University of Stuttgart, University of Hohenheim and several Stuttgart Universities of Applied Sciences), the area is home to six Fraunhofer institutes, four institutes of collaborative industrial research at local universities, two Max-Planck institutes and a major establishment of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). The University of Stuttgart ( German Universität Stuttgart) is a university located in Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart-Hohenheim is a suburb of Stuttgart in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Faculties and Programmes There are three faculties offering the following programmes Faculty of Architecture and Design Architecture The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a German research organization with 58 institutes spread throughout Germany each focusing on different fields of applied The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e The German Aerospace Centre (DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e

The 'Königsbau' on Schlossplatz, former home to the Stuttgart Stock Exchange
The 'Königsbau' on Schlossplatz, former home to the Stuttgart Stock Exchange

Financial services

The Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (after Frankfurt). Schlossplatz is the largest square in the centre of the city of Stuttgart and home to the New Castle which was built between 1746 and 1807 The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ( FWB Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a Stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. Many leading companies in the financial services sector are headquartered in Stuttgart with around 100 credit institutes in total (e. g. LBBW Bank, Wüstenrot & Württembergische, Allianz Life Insurance). Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW is a parent company of three commercial bank and the Landesbank for some Federal States of Germany. SE (formerly AG,,) is a large Financial services provider headquartered in Munich, Germany.

Vineyards on the Neckar river in the Mühlhausen area of Stuttgart
Vineyards on the Neckar river in the Mühlhausen area of Stuttgart

A history of wine and beer

Wine-growing in the area goes back to 1108 when, according to State archives, Blaubeuren Abbey was given vineyards in Stuttgart as a gift from "Monk Ulrich". The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse Blaubeuren Abbey ( Kloster Blaubeuren in German) was a house of the Benedictine Order located in Blaubeuren, Baden-Württemberg, In the 17th century the city was the third largest German wine-growing community in the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Wine remained Stuttgart's leading source of income well into the 19th century.

Stuttgart is still one of Germany's largest wine-growing cities, thanks in main to its location at the centre of the "Württemberg Wine Growing Area" (110. 3 km², one of 13 official areas captured under German Wine law). Wine laws are Legislation regulating various aspects of production and sales of Wine. The continuing importance of wine to the local economy is marked every year at the annual wine festival ("Weindorf").

Stuttgart also has several famous breweries such as Stuttgarter Hofbräu, Dinkelacker, and Schwaben Bräu. Stuttgarter Hofbräu is a German Brewery located in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. Dinkelacker is a German Brewery located in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. Schwaben Bräu (also Schwabenbräu is a brewery owned by Dinkelacker-Schwaben Bräu GmbH und Co

Transport

Following the suit of other German cities such as Berlin, Cologne and Hanover, on 1 March 2008 a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) came into effect in Stuttgart with the aim of improving air quality. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen A Low Emission Zone (LEZ is a geographically defined area which seeks to restrict or deter access by certain polluting Vehicles or only allow low (as regular or This affects all vehicles entering the Stuttgart "Environmental zone" (Umweltzone), including vehicles from abroad. [16][17]

Local transport

The Stadtbahn underground
The Stadtbahn underground

Stuttgart has a light rail system known as the Stuttgart Stadtbahn. The Stuttgart Stadtbahn is a Light rail system in Stuttgart, Germany. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The Stuttgart Stadtbahn is a Light rail system in Stuttgart, Germany. In the city centre and densely built-up areas, the Stadtbahn runs underground. Stations are signposted with a "U" symbol, which stands for Unabhaengig (independent). Until 2007, Stuttgart also operated regular trams. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Stuttgart also has a large bus network. Stadtbahn lines and buses are operated by the Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG (SSB). Stuttgarter Straßenbahnen AG (SSB is the principal public transport operating company in the German city of Stuttgart.

The Zahnradbahn in 1917
The Zahnradbahn in 1917

The outlying suburbs of Stuttgart and nearby towns are served by a suburban railway system called the Stuttgart S-Bahn, using tracks supplied by the national Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG). The Stuttgart Rack Railway ( Zahnradbahn in German) is a Rack railway in Stuttgart, Germany. Current Lines All lines lead through the city centre of Stuttgart Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company

A peculiarity of Stuttgart is the Zahnradbahn, a rack railway that is powered by electricity and operates between Marienplatz in the Stuttgart South district of the city and Degerloch. The Stuttgart Rack Railway ( Zahnradbahn in German) is a Rack railway in Stuttgart, Germany. A cog railway, rack-and-pinion railway or rack railway is a Railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. It is the only urban rack railway in Germany. Stuttgart also has a Standseilbahn, a funicular railway that operates in the Heslach area of Stuttgart South and the forest cemetery (Waldfriedhof). The Standseilbahn Stuttgart or Stuttgart Cable Car is a funicular railway in the city of Stuttgart, Germany. A funicular, also known as a funicular railway, incline, inclined railway, inclined plane, or cliff railway, is a type of self-contained In Killesberg Park, on a prominent hill overlooking the city, there is the miniature railway run by diesel (and on weekends with steam). Stuttgart_killesbergbahn_01JPG|thumb|Killesberg railway]] The Killesbergpark (Höhenpark Killesberg is an urban public park of half a Square kilometre (123 The Killesberg railway is a Miniature railway in the Killesbergpark in Stuttgart, Germany.

Rail links

Stuttgart is a hub in the InterCityExpress and InterCity networks of Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG), with through services to most other major German cities. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries InterCity (commonly abbreviated IC on timetables and tickets is the classification applied to certain long-distance Passenger train services in Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company It also operates international services to Strasbourg, Vienna, Zurich and Paris (four times a day, journey time 3 hours 40 minutes[6]). Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Long distance trains stop at Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, the city's main line terminus which is also used by regional DBAG RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany. The Regionalbahn (abbreviated RB is a type of Regional train in Germany. The local rail networks (see above) operate underneath the terminus. [6]

Stuttgart also has its own rail freight centre with marshalling yards and a container terminal in the Obertürkheim area of Hedelfingen. A ( US and Canada) classification yard or ( UK and Canada) marshalling yard (including hump yards) is a Railroad A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation [6]

The A8 motorway running under the car park next to Stuttgart Airport and Stuttgart Trade Fair
The A8 motorway running under the car park next to Stuttgart Airport and Stuttgart Trade Fair

Air, road and waterway links

Stuttgart is served by Stuttgart Airport (German: Flughafen Stuttgart), an international airport approximately 8 miles (13 km) south of the city centre on land belonging to the neighbouring town of Leinfelden-Echterdingen. Future plans As of 2006 a gap remains between Pirmasens and Karlsruhe with no immediate plans to close the gap Stuttgart Airport (in German Flughafen Stuttgart, formerly Flughafen Stuttgart-Echterdingen) is an international airport located approximately 8 miles (13 km Messe Stuttgart is an Exhibition centre and Trade fair next to Stuttgart airport 7 miles south of Stuttgart, Germany. Stuttgart Airport (in German Flughafen Stuttgart, formerly Flughafen Stuttgart-Echterdingen) is an international airport located approximately 8 miles (13 km Leinfelden-Echterdingen is a town in the district of Esslingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It takes 30 minutes to reach the airport from the city centre using S-Bahn lines S2 or S3. Stuttgart airport is Germany's only city airport with one runway. Despite protests and local initiatives, surveys are currently underway to assess the impact of a second runway. [18]

The airport is adjacent to the A8 Autobahn, a major motorway which forms the southern boundary of Stuttgart and runs from Luxemburg via Saarbrücken, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Munich and Salzburg eventually to Vienna. Future plans As of 2006 a gap remains between Pirmasens and Karlsruhe with no immediate plans to close the gap Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Saarbrücken (ˈzaːɐ̯ˈbrʏkn in German; Sarrebruck is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Other Autobahns leading to Stuttgart are the A81 (Zürich – Singen – Würzburg – Hamburg) and A831. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Singen (Hohentwiel is a city in the very south of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

Stuttgart has an inland port in Hedelfingen on the River Neckar. The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse [6]

The Stuttgart 21 project

After years of political fighting and controversy, plans were approved in October 2007 to convert the main train station to a through station. is the Hauptbahnhof of the city of Stuttgart in southwestern Germany. The Stuttgart 21 project, will include the rebuilding of surface and underground lines connecting the station in Stuttgart’s enclosed central valley with existing railway and underground lines. Stuttgart 21 is a German rail project to build a new underground through station for Stuttgart, crossing the southern end of the current Stuttgart central Building work is scheduled to start in 2010 and should be completed in 2020.

Sport

Football

VfB Stuttgart's home ground, the Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion in Bad Cannstatt. In the background: the Stuttgart Spring Festival
VfB Stuttgart's home ground, the Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion in Bad Cannstatt. Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart 1893 e V, commonly known as VfB Stuttgart, is a German Sports club based in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. In the background: the Stuttgart Spring Festival

As in the rest of Germany, football is the most popular sport in Stuttgart which is home to "The Reds" and "The Blues". Stuttgart Spring Festival (variously called Stuttgarter Frühlingsfest Cannstatter Wasen or Wasen in German is an annual fair that takes place in the German Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered "The Reds", VfB Stuttgart, are the most famous and popular local club. Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart 1893 e V, commonly known as VfB Stuttgart, is a German Sports club based in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg An established team in the German Bundesliga, VfB was founded in 1893 and has won five German titles since 1950, mostly recently in 1992 and 2007. The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany 's football league system. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common VfB is based at the Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion in Bad Cannstatt. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

"The Blues", Stuttgarter Kickers, are the second most important football team. Stuttgarter Kickers is a German football club that plays in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, founded on 21 September, They currently play in the Regionalliga Süd (third division) at the smaller Gazi Stadium close to the TV tower in Degerloch. Overview The Regionalliga Süd was introduced in 1994 along with three other Regionalligas, those being Regionalliga Nord Gazi-Stadion (official German name Gazi-Stadion auf der Waldau, formerly Waldaustadion) is a stadium in the German city of Stuttgart The Fernsehturm Stuttgart (TV Tower Stuttgart is the world's first TV tower built from Concrete (and prototype for many towers of that kind all over the

Other lower-division football teams are Sportfreunde Stuttgart - most famous for taking part in the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy in 1908, considered the first World Cup[19] - and FV Zuffenhausen. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was a Football (soccer competition that took place twice in Turin, Italy, in 1909 and 1911

Other sports

Stuttgart is home to VfL Pfullingen/Stuttgart, a local handball team that played in the national league from 2001 to 2006 in the Schleyerhalle. Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Schleyerhalle is an indoor sporting arena located in Stuttgart, Germany. Its three-times German champion women's volleyball team, CJD Feuerbach, has now stopped playing for financial reasons but there is now Stuttgart Volleyball Club with a women's team in the 2nd southern league. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet

Stuttgart's ice hockey team, Stuttgarter EC plays at the Waldau ice rink in Degerloch. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The strongest local water polo team is SV Cannstatt which won the German championship in 2006. Water polo is a team water sport A team consists of six field players and one Goalkeeper.

Stuttgart has two American Football teams, the Stuttgart Nighthawks American football team which plays in the Western Europe Pro League and Stuttgart Scorpions which plays in Stuttgarter Kickers' Gazi Stadium. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Regular Season Play 2007 The Scorpions 2007 pre-season and regular season game results Game 1 Defeated the Düsseldorf Panther in Duesseldorf Stuttgarter Kickers is a German football club that plays in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, founded on 21 September, Gazi-Stadion (official German name Gazi-Stadion auf der Waldau, formerly Waldaustadion) is a stadium in the German city of Stuttgart

TC Weissenhof is a Stuttgart-based women's tennis team that has won the German championship four times. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Another women's team is TEC Waldau Stuttgart (German champions in 2006).

HTC Stuttgarter Kickers is one of the most successful field hockey clubs in Germany, having won the German championship in 2005 and a European title in 2006. Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick

Sporting events

Stuttgart has a reputation for staging major events, including the 1993 World Championships in Athletics. The 4th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held in the Gottlieb Daimler Stadium It was one of the twelve host cities of the FIFA World Cup 2006. The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament Six matches, three of them secound round matches, including the 3rd and 4th place playoff, were played at the Daimler Stadium. Stuttgart was also 2007 "European Capital of Sports"[20], hosting events such as the UCI World Cycling Championships Road Race and the IAAF World Athletics Final. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI organises World Championships to determine world champion cyclists The IAAF World Athletics Final was inaugurated in 2003 to replace the IAAF Grand Prix Final.

Other famous sports venues are the Weissenhof tennis courts, where the annual Mercedes Cup tennis tournament is played, the Porsche Arena (hosting tennis, basketball and handball) and the Schleyerhalle (boxing, equestrianism/show jumping, gymnastics, track cycling etc). The Mercedes Cup is a Tennis Tournament on the ATP Tour's International Series Gold. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Porsche Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Stuttgart, Germany. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six Schleyerhalle is an indoor sporting arena located in Stuttgart, Germany. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description Show jumping, also known as "stadium jumping" or "jumpers" is a member of a family of English riding equestrian events that also includes Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Track cycling is a Bicycle racing Sport usually held on specially-built banked tracks or Velodromes (but many events are held at older velodromes where the

Sister cities

Stuttgart is official twin towns with the following cities[21]:

The city has "special friendships" with the following cities[22]:

Notable residents

Notable people born in Stuttgart or residents who influenced the history of the city:

The Hegel Museum, birthplace of philosopher Hegel
The Hegel Museum, birthplace of philosopher Hegel

Trivia and interesting facts

The logo of automobile company Porsche holds a modified version of Stuttgart's coat of arms at its centre. St Helens ( is a large town in Merseyside, England It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens with a population of just over 100000 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Menzel Bourguiba (arabic: منزل بورقيبة ( Arabic transliteration 'Manzil Bourgueeba' is a Town located in extreme North of Tunisia Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Brno ( IPA:; Brünn is the second-largest City in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It was incorporated as a city on April 1, 1918. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines--> is a prefecture located in the Chūbu region of central Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. History of Zionism The Return to Zion (שיבת ציון Shivat Tzion, or שבי ציון, Shavei Tzion, lit For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Rosalie Silberman Abella, FRSC (born July 1, 1946) is a Canadian jurist Günther Behnisch is a German Architect (born 1922 in Dresden, Germany) Behnisch is one of the most prominent architects representing Deconstructivism Robert Bosch ( September 23, 1861 - March 12, 1942) was a German industrialist founder of Robert Bosch GmbH. Robert Bosch GmbH is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart Germany. Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Roland Emmerich (born November 10 1955 is a German Film director, Screenwriter, and producer. Gerhard Ertl (born 10 October 1936 is a German Physicist and a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Bernd Glemser (born in Dürbheim, 1962 is a German pianist A disciple of Vitaly Margulis in 1989 he became Germany's youngest piano professor at Saarbrücken Theodor Heuss ( 31 January 1884 &ndash 12 December 1963) was a German politician Jürgen Klinsmann (born July 30, 1964 in Göppingen) is a German football manager and former football player who played for several Helmut (Friedrich Lachenmann (born November 27, 1935) is a German Composer associated with musique concrète instrumentale. Mark Aurel Landler (born October 26, 1965 in Stuttgart Germany) is an American journalist who has been the European economic correspondent of Hermann Lang (born April 6 1909 &ndash died October 19 1987) was a German champion race car driver Fritz Leonhardt ( July 12 1909 - December 30 1999) was a German Structural engineer who made major contributions to 20th century Wilhelm Maybach ˈmaibax ( February 9, 1846 &ndash December 29, 1929) was an early German engine designer and industrialist Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ( March 17, 1834 - March 6, 1900) was an Engineer, Industrial designer and Industrialist Frei Paul Otto ( 31 May, 1925) is a German architect and Structural engineer. The Olympiastadion is a stadium located in Munich, Germany. Situated at the heart of the Olympiapark München in northern Munich the stadium Prof Dr Ing hc Ferdinand Porsche ( The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Manfred Rommel (born December 24, 1928) is a German politician ( CDU) who was Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor of Stuttgart from 1974 until 1996 Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ( 15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) (also known as the " Desert Fox " Wüstenfuchs Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller krɪstɔf friːtʁɪç fɔn ʃɪləʁ/ʃɪlɐ (10 November 1759 9 May 1805 was a German Poet, Philosopher Peter Schilling (born Pierre Michael Schilling on January 28, 1956, Stuttgart, Germany) is a German Synthpop musician Neue Deutsche Welle ( New German Wave, often abbreviated NDW) was a genre of German music originally derived from Punk rock Claus Philipp Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg ( 15 November 1907 &ndash 21 July 1944) was a German army officer Bernard Tomic ( Croatian: Bernard Tomić, born October 10, 1992) is a German -born Australian Tennis player of Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) List of child prodigies|Fictional child prodigies A child prodigy is a one who masters one or more skills or arts at an early age Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker (born April 15 1920) is a German politician ( CDU) Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch

Stuttgart is home to several installations of the United States Armed Forces:

Gallery

Stuttgart from Weinsteige Road
Castle Solitude
The 1956 TV Tower
The Weissenhof Estate in 1927
Castle Rosenstein

External links

References

  1. ^ Population and area data from Stuttgart.de 29.02.2008
  2. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg
  3. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg
  4. ^ http://www.stuttgart-tourist.de/ENG/city/zahlen-fakten.htm Stuttgart official tourist information
  5. ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Stuttgart, Germany (English). Castle Solitude in Germany (also known as Solitude Palace was built as a hunting lodge between 1764 and 1769 Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed The Weissenhof Estate (or Weissenhof Settlement; in German Weißenhofsiedlung) is an estate Castle Rosenstein in the Bad Cannstatt district of Stuttgart, Germany was built between 1822 and 1830 by the court builder Giovanni Salucci Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. Weatherbase (2007). Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
  6. ^ a b c d e f This article is based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia.
  7. ^ Daniel Kirn: Stuttgart. Eine kleine Stadtgeschichte, Sutton 2007. (ISBN 978-3-86680-137-0
  8. ^ Stuttgart - Where Business Meets the Future. CD issued by Stuttgart Town Hall, Department for Economic Development, 2005.
  9. ^ U. S. Army Installations in Stuttgart [1]
  10. ^ Official museum visitor statisticsStuttgart Statistics department (German)
  11. ^ BGG International website http://www.bgg-stuttgart.de
  12. ^ Statistiches Amt, Stuttgart, July 2007. PDF source: www. stuttgart. de
  13. ^ Stuttgart official statistics [2]
  14. ^ City of Hamburg website [3]
  15. ^ Stuttgart - Where Business Meets the Future. CD issued by Stuttgart Town Hall, Department for Economic Development, 2005
  16. ^ Stuttgart city council FAQs (German) Umweltzone und Feinstaub-Plakette: Fragen und Antworten
  17. ^ PDF showing the areas of Stuttgart in the Low Emission Zone
  18. ^ Stutgarter Nachrichten [http://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/stn/page/detail.php/15242690, German newspaper report on planned 2nd runway
  19. ^ Lipton Trophy
  20. ^ European Capital of Sport 2007
  21. ^ http://stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/ns_top_11021_11041.htm Stutgart official website, 23 Mar 2008
  22. ^ http://stuttgart.de/sde/menu/frame/ns_top_11021_11041.htm Stadt Stuttgart official website, 23 Mar 2008


Dictionary

Stuttgart

-proper noun

  1. The capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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