A structural engineer is an engineering professional who practices structural engineering. Structural engineering is a field of Engineering dealing with the analysis and design of Structures that support or resist loads Structural engineering is Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems. Structural elements are used in Structural analysis to simplify the structure which is to be analysed The term structural system or frame in Structural engineering refers to load -resisting Sub-system of a structure Their work takes account mainly of technical, economic and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors.
Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty discipline within civil engineering, but it can also be studied in its own right. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built In the US, most practising structural engineers are currently licensed as civil engineers, but the situation varies from state to state. A civil engineer is a person who practices Civil engineering, one of the many engineering professions In the UK, most structural engineers in the building industry are members of the Institution of Structural Engineers rather than the Institution of Civil Engineers. The Institution of Structural Engineers ( IStructE) is the world's leading professional body for Structural engineering based in the United Kingdom. Founded on 2 January 1818, the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE is an independent Professional association, based in central London,
Typical structures designed by a structural engineer include buildings, towers, stadia and bridges. In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Other structures such as oil rigs, space satellites, aircraft and ships may also be designed by a structural engineer. An oil platform or oil rig is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill and/or extract oil and Natural gas through wells This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size [1] Most structural engineers are employed in the construction industry, however there are also structural engineers in the aerospace, automobile and shipbuilding industries. In the construction industry, they work closely with architects, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, quantity surveyors, and construction managers. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Mechanical Engineering is an Engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis Design, Manufacturing Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of In Statistics, an estimator is a function of the observable sample data that is used to estimate an unknown population Parameter (which is called the Construction Management refers either to the study and practice of the managerial and technological aspects of the Construction industry (including construction construction
Structural engineers ensure that buildings and bridges are built to be strong enough and stable enough to resist all appropriate structural loads (e. Structural loads are Forces applied to a component of a structure or to the structure as a unit g. , gravity, wind, snow, rain, seismic (earthquake), earth pressure, temperature, and traffic). An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer They also design structures to be stiff enough to not deflect or vibrate beyond acceptable limits. Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to Deformation by an applied Force. Vibration refers to mechanical Oscillations about an equilibrium point. Fatigue may be an important consideration for bridges and for aircraft design, or for other structures which experience a large number of stress cycles over their lifetime. Consideration is also given to durability of materials against possible deterioration which may impair performance over the design lifetime.
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Education
The education of structural engineers is usually through a civil engineering bachelor's degree, and often a master's degree specializing in structural engineering. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built The fundamental core subjects for structural engineering are strength of materials or solid mechanics, statics, dynamics, material science, numerical analysis and conceptual structural design. In Materials science, the strength of a material refers to the material's ability to resist an applied force Solid mechanics is the branch of Mechanics, Physics, and Mathematics that concerns the behavior of solid matter under external actions (e Statics is the branch of Mechanics concerned with the analysis of loads ( Force, torque/moment) on Physical systems in Static equilibrium In physics the term dynamics customarily refers to the time evolution of physical processes Materials Science or Materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of Science and Numerical analysis is the study of Algorithms for the problems of continuous mathematics (as distinguished from Discrete mathematics) Reinforced concrete, composite structure, timber, masonry and structural steel designs are the general structural design courses that will be introduced in the next level of the education of structural engineering. Reinforced concrete is Concrete in which reinforcement bars (" Rebars quot or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen a material that would otherwise be Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, and the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves Structural steel is Steel construction Material, a profile, formed with a specific Shape or cross section and certain standards of In Structural engineering, structural design is an Iterative process of applying Engineering mechanics and past experience to create a functional economic The structural analysis courses which include structural mechanics, structural dynamics and structural failure analyses are designed to build up the fundamental analysis skills and theories for structural engineering students. Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures Structural mechanics is the computation of Deformations Deflections and internal Forces or stresses ( Stress Equivalents) within structures Structural dynamics is a subset of Structural analysis which covers the behaviour of Structures subjected to dynamic loading Structural failure refers to loss of the load -carrying capacity of a component or member within a Structure or of the structure itself At the senior year level or in graduate programs, prestressed concrete design, space frame design for building and aircraft, bridge engineering, civil and aerospace structure rehabilitation and other advanced structural engineering specializations are usually introduced. Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming the Concrete 's natural weakness in tension. A space frame or space structure is a Truss -like lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric Pattern.
Recently in the United States, there have been discussions in the structural engineering community about the knowledge base of structural engineering graduates. Some have called for a master's degree to be the minimum standard for professional licensing as a civil engineer[1]. There is a separate structural engineering undergraduate degree at the University of California, San Diego. The University of California San Diego (popularly known as UC San Diego or UCSD) is a public Research university in San Diego, California Many students who later become structural engineers major in civil, mechanical, or aerospace engineering degree programs, with emphasis in structural engineering. Structural engineering is a field of Engineering dealing with the analysis and design of Structures that support or resist loads Structural engineering is Architectural engineering programs do offer structural emphases, and are often in combined academic departments with civil engineering. Architectural engineering, also known as Building Engineering, is the application of Engineering principles and Technology to Building Design
Licensing/Accreditation
In the United States, persons practicing structural engineering must be licensed in the state(s) in which they practice as a Civil Engineer. The qualifications for licensure typically include a specified minimum level of practicing experience, as well as the successful completion of a nationally administered exam, and possibly a state-specific exam. For instance, California requires that candidates pass a national exam, written by the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES) (http://www.ncees.org), as well as a state-specific exam which includes a seismic portion and a surveying portion. Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between Most states do not have a separate structural engineering license. In California, Washington, Nevada and a few other states, there is an additional license or authority for Structural Engineering, obtained after the engineer has obtained a Civil Engineering license and practiced an additional amount of time with the Civil Engineering license. The scope of what may be designed by a Structural Engineer but not by a Civil Engineer without the S. E. license is very limited.
In the United Kingdom, there is no licensing the way there is in the United States, but there are organizations which grant the title of Chartered Engineer, and the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) grants the title of Chartered Structural Engineer. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The overall process toward this qualification begins after graduation from a UK MEng degree, or a BEng with a MSc degree. To qualify as a chartered structural engineer, a graduate needs to go through four years Initial Professional Development to prepare for their professional review interview. Professional development may be separated into two distinct phases Continuing Professional Development and Initial Professional Development After passing the interview, the candidate is able to sit an eight hour professional review examination. The election to chartered membership (MIStructE) is depending on the examination result. The candidate can register at the Engineering Council UK as a Chartered Structural Engineer once he or she has been elected as a Chartered Member. Engineering Council UK (ECUK is Britain's regulatory authority for registration of professional engineers and technicians, holding a register of these It is not necessary to be a member of the IStructE (or any other body) to practice as a structural engineer in the UK.
See also
- Architects
- Architectural engineering
- Civil engineering
- List of structural engineers
- Structural engineering
- Structural failure
References
- ^ Institution of Structural Engineer, What do they do?, viewed on 22 May 2007
External links
An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Architectural engineering, also known as Building Engineering, is the application of Engineering principles and Technology to Building Design Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built This is a list of notable structural engineers, people who were trained in or practiced Structural engineering and who are notable enough for a Wikipedia article Structural engineering is a field of Engineering dealing with the analysis and design of Structures that support or resist loads Structural engineering is Structural failure refers to loss of the load -carrying capacity of a component or member within a Structure or of the structure itselfDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic