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In particle physics, the strong interaction, or strong force, or color force, holds quarks and gluons together to form protons and neutrons. In Physics, a quark (kwɔrk kwɑːk or kwɑːrk is a type of Subatomic particle. Gluons ( Glue and the suffix -on) are Elementary particles that cause Quarks to interact and are indirectly responsible for the

For an understanding of the interaction that holds protons and neutrons together to form atomic nuclei, see nuclear force. The nuclear force (or nucleon-nucleon interaction or residual strong force) is the force between two or more Nucleons It is responsible for

The term 'strong interaction' is also used to describe food webs. Food chains, also called food networks and/or trophic networks, describe the feeding relationships between species within an Ecosystem.

The strong interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions, along with gravitation, the electromagnetic force and the weak interaction. Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another In Physics, the electromagnetic force is the force that the Electromagnetic field exerts on electrically charged particles The weak interaction (often called the weak force or sometimes the weak nuclear force) is one of the four Fundamental interactions of nature Of the four fundamental forces, the strong interaction is the most powerful.

The strong force is thought to be mediated by gluons, acting upon quarks, antiquarks, and the gluons themselves. Gluons ( Glue and the suffix -on) are Elementary particles that cause Quarks to interact and are indirectly responsible for the In Physics, a quark (kwɔrk kwɑːk or kwɑːrk is a type of Subatomic particle. to most kinds of particles, there is an associated antiparticle with the same Mass and opposite Electric charge. Gluons ( Glue and the suffix -on) are Elementary particles that cause Quarks to interact and are indirectly responsible for the This is detailed in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Quantum chromodynamics (abbreviated as QCD is a theory of the Strong interaction ( color force a Fundamental force describing the interactions of the

History

Before the 1970s, protons and neutrons were thought to be indivisible fundamental particles. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. In Particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle not known to have substructure that is it is not known to be made It was known that:

1. Protons carried a positive electrical charge,
2. electric repulsion made same-charge particles repel each other, and
3. Electromagnetism is the Physics of the Electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a Force on particles that possess the property of Multiple protons were bound together in the atomic nucleus. The nucleus of an Atom is the very dense region consisting of Nucleons ( Protons and Neutrons, at the center of an atom

So, what held protons together in the nucleus?

Another, stronger, attractive force was postulated to explain how protons were held together in the atomic nucleus, overcoming electromagnetic repulsion. For its high strength (at short distances), it was dubbed the "strong force". It was thought, at that time, this strong force was a fundamental force acting directly on the protons.

It was later discovered this phenomena was only a residual side-effect of another, truly fundamental, force acting directly on particles inside protons called quarks and gluons. This newly-discovered force was initially called the "color force. " This has no relation to visible color.

Today, the term "strong force" is used for that strong nuclear force that acts directly on quarks and gluons. The original strong force that acts on protons is today called the nuclear force or residual strong nuclear force. The nuclear force (or nucleon-nucleon interaction or residual strong force) is the force between two or more Nucleons It is responsible for


Details

The strong force is postulated in Quantum chromodynamics, QCD. Quantum chromodynamics (abbreviated as QCD is a theory of the Strong interaction ( color force a Fundamental force describing the interactions of the

QCD is a part of the standard model of particle physics. The Standard Model of Particle physics is a theory that describes three of the four known Fundamental interactions together with the Elementary particles

Mathematically, QCD is a non-Abelian gauge theory based on a local (gauge) symmetry group called SU(3). Non-abelian may describe Non-abelian group, in mathematics a group that is not abelian (commutative Non-abelian gauge theory, in physics Gauge theory is a peculiar Quantum field theory where the Lagrangian is invariant under certain transformations The Symmetry group of an object ( Image, signal, etc eg in 1D 2D or 3D is the group of all Isometries under which it is Special Unit 2In Mathematics, the special unitary group of degree n, denoted SU( n) is the group of n × n

All particles in QCD interact with each other through the strong force. The strength of interaction is parametrized by the strong coupling constant. In Physics, a coupling constant, usually denoted g, is a number that determines the strength of an Interaction. This strength is modified by the gauge color charge of the particle. In Physics, a coupling constant, usually denoted g, is a number that determines the strength of an Interaction. This refers to a group theoretical property explained in the article on color charge. Group theory is a mathematical discipline the part of Abstract algebra that studies the Algebraic structures known as groups. In Particle physics, color charge is a property of Quarks and Gluons which are related to their Strong interactions in the context of Quantum

Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles which carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence participate in strong interactions.

The strong force itself acts directly upon only elementary quark and gluon particles.

A residual effect of the strong force is called the nuclear force. The nuclear force (or nucleon-nucleon interaction or residual strong force) is the force between two or more Nucleons It is responsible for The nuclear force acts between hadrons, such as nucleons in atomic nuclei. In Particle physics, a hadron ( from the ἁδρός hadrós, " stout, thick " ( In Physics a nucleon is a collective name for two Baryons the Neutron and the Proton.

The strong force, acting indirectly, transmits gluons that form part of the virtual pi and rho mesons, which, in turn, transmit the nuclear force between nucleons. In Particle physics, a meson is a strongly interacting Boson &mdashthat is a Hadron with integer spin.

The strong force, unlike other forces, does not diminish in strength with increasing distance. As a result, quarks are always permanently bound together into hadrons. It is impossible to separate individual quarks as can be done with protons. In QCD, this phenomenon is called confinement. Color confinement, often called just confinement, is the Physics phenomenon that Color charged particles (such as Quarks cannot be isolated singularly So only hadrons can be observed. This has been shown by many failed free quark searches. The elementary quark and gluon particles affected are unobservable directly.


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Dictionary

strong interaction

-noun

  1. (physics) The interactions caused by the strong force
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