A string orchestra is understood as an orchestra composed solely of instruments of the violin family. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The Violin family of Musical instruments was developed in Italy in the Sixteenth century. These instruments are the violin, the viola, the violoncello and the double bass (the last sometimes considered an anomaly because of its resemblance to the viol family. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The viola is a bowed String instrument. It is the middle voice of the Violin family, The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The viol (also called viola da gamba) is any one of a family of bowed, Fretted stringed Musical instruments developed in the 1400s ). String orchestras can be of chamber orchestra size ranging from between 12 and 21 musicians (6,5,4,4,2 = 21) sometimes performing without a conductor, or consist of the entire string section of a large symphony orchestra which could have 60 musicians (16,14,12,10,8 = 60). A twentieth century development has been the reappearance, minus continuo, of the concerto grosso pitting of soloists against the full ensemble.
Repertoire
The repertoire is graced with several works by Mozart (including Eine kleine Nachtmusik) and Haydn which dispense with the baroque basso continuo. The Serenade No 13 for strings in G major, K 525 more commonly known as Eine kleine Nachtmusik ("a small serenade" -- rendered more literally Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer Musical notation used to indicate intervals, chords and Nonchord tones in relation Some of these works are problematic when it comes to deciding whether they are for orchestra or string quartet. A string quartet is a Musical ensemble of four String instruments &mdash usually two Violins a Viola and Cello &mdash or a piece Particularly in Haydn's early works it is argued that the inversions of harmony from the occasional crossings of the bass and viola line imply a double bass; the question is not settled, however.
Important 20th century works have been written for string orchestra by Béla Bartók (Divertimento), Stravinsky (Apollon Musagète), Witold Lutoslawski (Funeral Music) (Muzyka zalobna, 1958) and Benjamin Britten (Simple Symphony). Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Witold Lutosławski ( January 25 1913 &ndash February 7 1994 was one of the major European Composers Edward Benjamin Britten Baron Britten, OM CH (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976 was an English Composer, conductor, The Simple Symphony is a work for String orchestra by Benjamin Britten. Sir Michael Tippett wrote a Concerto for Double String Orchestra and Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote a Partita for Double String Orchestra. Sir Michael Kemp Tippett, OM (2 January 1905 &ndash 8 January 1998 was one of the foremost English Composers of the 20th century Ralph (reɪf Vaughan Williams OM (12 October 1872 &ndash 26 August 1958 was an English Composer of symphonies, Chamber music Composers that have written a "Serenade for Strings" for string orchestra include Tchaikovsky, Antonín Dvořák, Josef Suk and Edward Elgar. This article is about the musical form See Serenade (disambiguation for other meanings Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( (often pronounced in English as; DVOR-zhahk; September 8 1841 – May 1 1904 was a Czech composer of Romantic music, who employed There have been two notable musicians called Josef Suk: Josef Suk (composer (1874 - 1935 Josef Suk (violinist (born 1929 the elder Mendelssohn also wrote a number of symphonies for string orchestra. Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer
Sometimes works originally written for string quartet are arranged for string orchestra. Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings, Alban Berg's 3 Pieces from his Lyric Suite, Arnold Schoenberg's Second String Quartet and the sextet Verklärte Nacht, John Corigliano's Second String Quartet and Jean Sibelius's Andante Festivo for string orchestra are examples, though a timpani is also added in the Sibelius piece. Samuel Osborne Barber II ( March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American Composer of Orchestral, Opera, "Adagio for Strings" is a work for String orchestra, arranged by the American Composer Samuel Barber from his first string quartet Alban Maria Johannes Berg (February 9 1885 &ndash December 24 1935 was an Austrian Composer. Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with Verklärte Nacht, Op 4 ("Transfigured Night" 1899 a String sextet in one movement is regarded as the earliest important work of Arnold Schoenberg John Corigliano (b February 16, 1938, New York City New York) is an American Composer of Classical music and a teacher Jean Sibelius originally scored Andante Festivo for String quartet in 1922 but rescored for String orchestra and Timpani in 1938 The work Shaker Loops written in 1978 for septet then arranged in 1983 for string orchestra by the American composer John Coolidge Adams has become a popular addition to the repertoire in recent times. Written in 1978 by the American Composer John Adams, Shaker Loops was originally written for string septet John Coolidge Adams (born February 15 1947 is an American Composer with strong roots in minimalism.
Other works for string orchestra
- Giovanni Albini - Una teoria della prossimità (2006)
- Samuel Barber - Adagio for Strings
- Christopher Culpo - 3 visages
- Edvard Grieg - Holberg Suite (originally written for piano then arranged for string orchestra)
- Gustav Holst - St Paul's Suite
- Nigel Keay - Serenade for Strings
- Aulis Sallinen - Aspects of the Funeral March of Hintriki Peltoniemi (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra)
- Dimitri Tchesnokov - Réminiscence d'après la symphonie pour cordes
- Robin Toan - dans la nuit (2006)
- Anthony Watson - Prelude and Allegro for Strings (1960)
- Edward Elgar - Introduction and Allegro for Strings (1904-1905)
- Ernest Bloch - Concerto Grosso No. Samuel Osborne Barber II ( March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American Composer of Orchestral, Opera, "Adagio for Strings" is a work for String orchestra, arranged by the American Composer Samuel Barber from his first string quartet Christopher Culpo is an American Composer and Pianist, who has been living in Paris since 1991 Holberg Suite Op40 more properly "From Holberg's Time" ( German: Aus Holbergs Zeit, Norwegian: Fra Holbergs Gustav Theodore Holst (21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934was an English Composer and was a music teacher for nearly 20 years St Paul's Suite ( Op 29 no 2 is a composition for Orchestra by prolific English composer Gustav Holst. Nigel Keay was born in Palmerston North, New Zealand in 1955 He has been a freelance Musician since 1983 working as a Composer, Violist Aulis Sallinen (born April 9, 1935) is a Finnish contemporary classical music Composer. Robin Toan is one of New Zealand’s leading young composers She has had multiple works performed in Oceania Asia Europe and America by leading ensembles and soloists Sir Edward Elgar 's Introduction and Allegro for Strings, opus 47 was composed in 1905 for performance in an all-Elgar concert by the newly formed London Symphony Orchestra Ernest Bloch (July 24 1880 &ndash July 15 1959 was a Swiss -born American Composer. 2
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