In baseball or softball, a strikeout or strike out (denoted by SO or K) occurs when the batter receives three strikes during his time at bat. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States. In Baseball, batting is the act of facing the opposing Pitcher and trying to produce offense for one's team Strike Zone is a Star Trek The Next Generation novel by Peter David. In Baseball, an at bat ( AB) or time at bat is used to calculate certain statistics, including Batting average, On base Strikeouts are associated with dominance on the part of the pitcher and/or incompetence on the part of the batter, although for power hitters it is recognized that the style of swing that generates home runs also leaves the batter somewhat susceptible to striking out. In Baseball, the pitcher is the player who throwsthe baseball from the Pitcher's mound toward the Catcher to begin each play with the goal of
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A pitcher receives credit for (and a batter is charged with) a strikeout on any third strike, but a batter is out only if any of the following is true:
If the third strike is not caught and there are two outs, or fewer than two outs and no baserunner on first, the batter becomes a runner. In Baseball, an out occurs when the defensive or fielding, team effects any of a number of different events and the umpire rules a batter In Baseball, a foul tip is a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the Catcher ’s hands and is legally caught. In Baseball, baserunning is the act of running around the bases performed by members of the team at bat First base, or 1B, is the first of four stations on a Baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner in order to score a run Thus, it is possible for a batter to strike out, but still reach base safely if the catcher fails or is unable to catch the third strike cleanly and cannot tag out the batter or force him out at first base (in Japan this is called furinige(振り逃げ), i. Catcher is also a general term for a fielder who catches the ball in Cricket. e. swing and escape). As a result, pitchers have occasionally been able to record four strikeouts in one half-inning. An inning, or innings, is a fixed-length segment of a game in any of a variety of Sports &ndash most notably Cricket and Baseball during
In scoring, a swinging strikeout is recorded as a K, or a K-S. A strikeout looking (where the batter does not swing at a pitch that the umpire then calls strike three) is sometimes scored with a backwards K.
The use of "K" for a strikeout was invented by Henry Chadwick, a newspaper journalist who is widely credited as the originator of the box score and the baseball scorecard. Henry Chadwick may refer to Henry Chadwick (writer (1824-1908 early baseball writer Henry Chadwick (theologian (1920-2008 In competitive Sports, games or matches are often summarized in a box score Both the box score and scorecard persist largely unchanged to this day, as the game itself is largely unchanged except for the number of balls and strikes allowed to the pitcher and batter. The letter "S" was used to coin "sacrifice" so Mr. Chadwick decided to use "K", with "K" being the last letter in "struck. " Mr. Chadwick also invented many other baseball scoring abbreviations, such as using numbers to designate player positions (progressing from the battery, pitcher [1] and catcher [2], through the infield, with the shortstop counted after the basemen, at number 6, to the right fielder [9]). [1]
That Mr. Chadwick first established the convention of using the "K" abbreviation is well-founded, with reliable and authentic primary materials surviving (see citation above). Those unaware of Mr. Chadwick's contributions have speculated that "K" was derived from the 19th century pitcher Matt Kilroy's last name. Matthew Aloysius Kilroy ( June 21 1866 - March 2 1940) was an American left-handed Pitcher in Major League Baseball If not for the evidence supporting Mr. Chadwick's earlier use of "K", this speculation would be reasonable: Kilroy did much to raise the prominence of the strikeout, setting an all-time record of 513 strikeouts in 1886, only two years after overhand pitching was permitted. Kilroy's record, however, is forever confined to its era: the pitcher's mound during his record-setting season was only 50 feet (15 m) from the batter; it was moved to its current distance of 60'6" in 1893. The modern record (1901-) is 383 strikeouts, held by Nolan Ryan, one better than Sandy Koufax's 382.
Although some people use "K" to record pitchers' strikeouts, "SO" is the official abbreviation used by Major League Baseball[2].
In addition, "K" is still commonly used by fans and enthusiasts for purposes other than official record-keeping. In one baseball ritual, fans at the ballpark who are seated in view of the batter (and the television cameras) attach a succession of small "K" signs to the nearest railing, one added for every strikeout notched by the home team's pitcher. As is traditional for those who keep a record of the game on paper, the "K" is placed backwards in cases where the batter strikes out looking. Virtually every televised display of a major league game in which a pitcher registers a high number of strikeouts (7 or 8) will include a shot of a fan's strikeout display, and if the pitcher continues to strike out batters, the display often will be shown following every strikeout. In the event that a known "strikeout pitcher" is on the mound, the strikeout display will be televised on from the beginning.
The strikeout is as old as baseball itself. Alexander Cartwright's Knickerbocker Rules, drawn up in 1845 and considered the foundation of the modern game, define the strikeout as follows:
Three balls being struck at and missed and the last one caught, is a hand-out; if not caught is considered fair, and the striker bound to run. Alexander Cartwright II ( April 17 1820 – July 12 1892) was officially credited by the United States Congress on The Knickerbocker Rules are a set of Baseball rules formalized by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 (Rule #11)
This is essentially the same rule in use today, with the addition of the called strike (1858) and the provision that the batter is automatically out if there are fewer than two out and a runner on first. In 1880, the rules were changed to specify that a third strike had to be caught on the fly. In 1887, the number of strikes for an out was changed to four, but promptly changed back to three the next season. A foul bunt was classified as a strike in 1894, and a foul tip in 1895. A bunt is a special type of offensive technique in Baseball or fastpitch softball.
A swinging strikeout is often called a whiff and a batter who is struck out by a fastball is often said to have been blown away. See also List of baseball jargon wallop A home run. "What a wallop!" Also used as a verb "Pujols walloped that pitch For the American band of the same name see Fastball (band. For the game also known as fast-pitch softball see Softball. A batter who strikes out on a swung third strike is said to have been fanned. When a batter takes a called third strike it is called a punchout, describing the plate umpire's punching motion on a called third strike, which resembles the motion most umpires use to call a baserunner out, but is usually more vigorous, perhaps reflecting an unspoken belief that looking at a third strike is somewhat more blameworthy than making any other out. See also List of baseball jargon to paint To throw pitches at the edges of the strike zone. On a called third strike, it is said that the batter was caught looking or that he looked at a strike. Typically, a called third strike can be somewhat more embarrassing for a batter, as it shows that he was either fooled by the pitcher, or even worse, had a moment of hesitation. Sports commentators have also been known to refer to it as browsing if the batter did not move his bat at all. See also List of baseball jargon backdoor breaking ball A breaking pitch usually a Slider, Curveball, or Cut fastball
A pitcher is said to strike out the side when he retires all three batters in a half inning by striking them out. See also List of baseball jargon Sabermetrics See also Sabermetrics Sabermetrics is the analysis of baseball A batter that takes the third strike looking, especially on a breaking pitch, such as a slider or a curveball, that appears to be out of the strike zone but drops in before the batter can get the bat off his shoulders, can be said to have been frozen. See also List of baseball jargon Fall Classic The World Series -- the championship series of Major League Baseball, in which the
In slang, when a batter strikes out three times in a game, he is said to have completed a hat trick or a "silver sombrero. A hat-trick in Sports is associated with succeeding at anything three times in three consecutive attempts " If he strikes out four times, it is a "Golden sombrero". In Baseball, the golden sombrero is a slang term used to describe a player's inglorious feat of striking out four times in a single game He receives the Olympic Rings or a "Texas Star" for striking out five times and the "horn" for striking out six times in a game - a rare occurrence, which in the history of major league play has only been accomplished in extra innings games. See also List of baseball jargon OBP See also On base percentage See on base percentage. For the baseball procedure see Extra innings. For the TV subscription package see MLB Extra Innings.
Some pitchers who specialize in strikeouts have acquired nicknames including the letter "K". Cincinnati Reds closer Francisco Cordero is known as "Koko", Dwight Gooden was known as "Doctor K". The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team based in Cincinnati Ohio, USA Francisco Javier Cordero (born May 11, 1975 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a Major League Baseball player for the Dwight Eugene Gooden (born November 16, 1964 in Tampa Florida) also known as Doc Gooden or Dr Francisco Rodriguez is known as "K-Rod"[3]. Francisco "Frankie" José Rodriguez (born January 7 1982 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Major League Baseball player Roger Clemens has taken the "K" name to an extreme, naming his four sons Koby, Kory, Kacy, and Kody. William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) is an American Right-handed Pitcher in Major Koby Aaron Clemens (born December 4, 1986) is the eldest son of major league Pitcher Roger Clemens, and a right-handed (Koby was drafted as a third baseman by the Houston Astros organization at the age of 18).
If a third strike is not caught by the catcher (and is not tipped), it is a strikeout, and the at-bat is over. However, with first base open or with two outs, the batter is not out until tagged out or forced out. On a wild pitch or passed ball the batter can often advance to first base safely. In Baseball, a wild pitch (abbreviated WP) is charged against a Pitcher when his pitch is too high too short or too wide of Home In Baseball, a Catcher is charged with a passed ball when he fails to hold or control a legally pitched ball that with ordinary effort should have been If a runner is at first base and there are less than two outs, the batter is automatically out, as with the infield fly rule. The Infield Fly Rule in Baseball (specifically rule 605e coupled with the definition in rule section 2 If there are two outs, another runner may be forced out as with any other ball in play. If the runner reaches first base safely, there is no out, but the pitcher is still credited with a strikeout.
It is thus possible for a pitcher to throw four (or more) strikeouts in an inning. The first major leaguer to be credited with the feat was Jon Andre of the New York Giants on October 4, 1888. The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team based in, that currently play in the National League West Division. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The feat was once rare, occurring only five times before 1956, but is now so common that it happened six times in 1999. Chuck Finley did it on May 12 and August 15, 1999 with the Anaheim Angels, and then for a third time on April 16, 2000 with the Cleveland Indians. Charles Edward "Chuck" Finley (born November 26, 1962 in Monroe, Louisiana) is a former Left-handed Starting pitcher Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are a professional baseball team based in Anaheim, California. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Finley is the only player to pitch four strikeouts in an inning more than once. Kerry Wood of the Chicago Cubs struck out 4 in an inning in 2002, but in his case, 2 batters reached base due to passed balls by his catcher Todd Hundley. Kerry Lee Wood (born June 16, 1977 in Irving, Texas) is an American Baseball player The Chicago Cubs are a Professional Baseball franchise based in Chicago, Illinois. In Baseball, a Catcher is charged with a passed ball when he fails to hold or control a legally pitched ball that with ordinary effort should have been Todd Randolph Hundley (born May 27, 1969 in Martinsville, Virginia) is a former Major League Baseball Catcher / Outfielder [4] This recent increase in the occurrence of the four-strikeout inning may well be credited to the increase in usage of the split-finger fastball and forkball, both pitches that end up in the dirt at the plate when effective and often are difficult to handle for catchers. A split-finger fastball or splitter is a pitch in Baseball and a variant of the straight Fastball. The forkball is a type of pitch in Baseball. Related to the split-fingered fastball, the forkball is held between the first two fingers and thrown
With any runners advancing to leave first base open if there are less than two outs, the process can repeat, leading to a fifth strikeout (or more) in the inning. A fifth strikeout has not happened in a regulation game in the major leagues, but has occurred three times in the minor leagues, most recently by Mike Schultz of the Lancaster JetHawks against the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes on July 16, 2004. Michael Alan Schultz (born November 28, 1979 in Van Nuys California) is a former Major League Baseball Pitcher currently with The Lancaster JetHawks are a Minor league baseball team in Lancaster California, USA. The Rancho Cucamonga Quakes are a Minor league baseball team in Rancho Cucamonga California, USA. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [5] In the major leagues, knuckleballer Joe Niekro also struck out five men in an inning during a spring exhibition game when Niekro was with the Houston Astros. Joseph Franklin Niekro ( November 7 1944 &ndash October 27 2006) was an American Starting pitcher in Major League The Houston Astros are a Professional baseball team based in Houston Texas. [6]
The top 16 Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders (active players in bold):[7]
The top 6 Major League Baseball career strikeout-per-nine innings leaders (since 1900):
The top 5 Major League Baseball single season strikeout-per-nine innings leaders (since 1900):
The Top 10 Major League Baseball single season strikeout totals (since 1900)[8]
| Pitcher | Strikeouts | Season | Team | League | Overall Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nolan Ryan | 383 | 1973 | California Angels | AL | 8 |
| Sandy Koufax | 382 | 1965 | Los Angeles Dodgers | NL | 9 |
| Randy Johnson | 372 | 2001 | Arizona Diamondbacks | NL | 11 |
| Nolan Ryan | 367 | 1974 | California Angels | AL | 14 |
| Randy Johnson | 364 | 1999 | Arizona Diamondbacks | NL | 15 |
| Rube Waddell | 349 | 1904 | Philadelphia Athletics | AL | 18 |
| Bob Feller | 348 | 1946 | Cleveland Indians | AL | 19 |
| Randy Johnson | 347 | 2000 | Arizona Diamondbacks | NL | 20 |
| Nolan Ryan | 341 | 1977 | California Angels | AL | 25 |
| Randy Johnson | 334 | 2002 | Arizona Diamondbacks | NL | 30 |
Active pitchers in top 50 (as of June 2, 2008):
The top 16 Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders (as of May 22, 2008):
Active batters in the top 50 (as of May 22, 2008):
Single season strikeout records (batters):
| Rank | Player | Strikeouts | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan Howard | 199 | 2007 |
| 2 | Adam Dunn | 195 | 2004 |
| 3 | Adam Dunn | 194 | 2006 |
| 4 | Bobby Bonds | 189 | 1970 |
| 5 | José Hernández | 188 | 2002 |
| 6 | Bobby Bonds | 187 | 1969 |
| Preston Wilson | 187 | 2000 | |
| 8 | Rob Deer | 186 | 1987 |
| 9 | José Hernández | 185 | 2001 |
| Pete Incaviglia | 185 | 1986 | |
| Jim Thome | 185 | 2001 | |
| 12 | Cecil Fielder | 182 | 1990 |
| Jim Thome | 182 | 2003 | |
| 14 | Ryan Howard | 181 | 2006 |
| Mo Vaughn | 181 | 2000 |