A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, Netherlands

A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather. or Eanske in the local dialect ( Twents) is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands An atmosphere (from Greek ατμός - atmos, " Vapor " + σφαίρα - sphaira, " Sphere " Severe weather is any destructive weather phenomenon. The term is usually used to refer to severe thunderstorms and related phenomena such as Tornados It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation, such as ice (ice storm), or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere (as in a dust storm, snowstorm, hailstorm, etc). Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's) Thunder is the sound made by Lightning. Depending on the nature of the lightning and distance of the listener it can range from a sharp Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia A winter storm is an event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold Temperatures such as Snow or Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five A winter storm is an event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold Temperatures such as Snow or Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones

Formation

Satellite image of the intense nor'easter responsible for the North American blizzard of 2006. The Blizzard of 2006 was a Nor'easter that began on the evening of February 11, 2006. Note the hurricane-like eye at the center. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding

Storms are created when a center of low pressure develops, with a system of high pressure surrounding it. A low pressure area, or " low " is a region where the Atmospheric pressure is lower in relation to the surrounding area A high pressure area (also called a high or high-pressure is a region where the Atmospheric pressure is greater than surrounding areas This combination of opposing forces can create winds and result in the formation of storm clouds, such as the cumulonimbus. A cloud is a visible mass of droplets or frozen crystals floating in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another Planetary body Cumulonimbus (Cb is a type of Cloud that is tall dense and involved in Thunderstorms and other intense Weather. Small, localized areas of low pressure can form from hot air rising off hot ground, resulting in smaller disturbances such as dust devils and whirlwinds. A dust devil is a strong well-formed and relatively long-lived whirlwind, ranging from small (half a meter wide and a few meters tall to large (over 10 meters wide and over

Types

There are many varieties and names for storms.

Sea Storm in Pacifica, California

• Ice Storm - Ice storms are one of the most dangerous forms of winter weather. Pacifica is a city in San Mateo County California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. An ice storm is a type of Winter storm characterized by Freezing rain. When surface temperatures are below freezing, but a thick layer of above freezing air remains aloft above ground level, rain can fall into the freezing layer and freeze upon impact into a "glaze". In general, 8 millimeters (1/4 in) of accumulation is all that is required, especially in combination with breezy conditions, to start downing power lines as well as tree limbs. ^[1] Ice storms also make unheated road surfaces too slick to drive upon. Ice storms can vary in time range from hours to days and can cripple both small towns and large urban centers alike.
• Blizzard - There are varying definitions for blizzards, both over time and by location. A blizzard is a severe Winter storm condition characterized by low Temperatures strong Winds and heavy blowing Snow Blizzards are formed when In general, a blizzard is accompanied by gale-force winds, heavy snow (accumulating at a rate of at least 5 centimeters (2 in) per hour), and very cold conditions (below approximately -10 degrees Celsius or 14 F). A gale is a very strong Wind. There are conflicting definitions of how strong As of late, the temperature criteria has fallen out of the definition across the United States^[2]
• Snowstorm - A heavy fall of snow accumulating at a rate of more than 5 centimeters (2 in) per hour that lasts several hours. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A winter storm is an event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold Temperatures such as Snow or Snow storms, especially ones with a high liquid equivalent and breezy conditions, can down tree limbs, cut off power, and paralyze travel over a large region.
  

  Sea storm, west coast of Portugal
• Ocean Storm - Storm conditions out at sea are defined as having sustained winds of 48 knots (55 mph or 90 km/h) or greater. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. ^[3] Usually just referred to as a storm, these systems can sink vessels of all types and sizes.
• Firestorm - Firestorms are conflagrations which attain such intensity that they create and sustain their own wind systems. A firestorm is a Conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires, forest fires, and wildfires. The Peshtigo Fire is one example of a firestorm. The October 8, 1871 Peshtigo Fire in Peshtigo Wisconsin, has the distinction of being the Conflagration that caused the most deaths by fire Firestorms can also be deliberate effects of targeted explosives such as occurred as a result of the aerial bombings of Dresden and Tokyo during World War II. The Bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force (RAF and United States Army Air Force (USAAF between 13 February and 15 February 1945 12 weeks Nuclear detonations almost invariably generate firestorms
• Dust devil - a small, localized updraft of rising air. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. A dust devil is a strong well-formed and relatively long-lived whirlwind, ranging from small (half a meter wide and a few meters tall to large (over 10 meters wide and over
• Windstorm - a severe weather condition indicated by high winds and with little or no rain, like European windstorm. A European windstorm is a severe cyclonic storm that tracks across the North Atlantic towards northwestern Europe in the winter months
• Squall - sudden onset of wind increase of at least 16 knots (30 km/h) or greater sustained for at least one minute. A squall is a sudden sharp increase in wind speed which is usually associated with active weather such as rain showers thunderstorms or heavy snow
• Gale - An extratropical storm with sustained winds between 34-48 knots (39-55 mph or 63-90 km/h). Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are a group of Cyclones defined as synoptic scale low ^[3]
• Thunderstorm - A thunderstorm is a type of storm that generates lightning and the attendant thunder. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or Thunder is the sound made by Lightning. Depending on the nature of the lightning and distance of the listener it can range from a sharp It is normally accompanied by heavy precipitation. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Thunderstorms occur throughout the world, with the highest frequency in tropical rainforest regions where there are conditions of high humidity and temperature along with atmospheric instability. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches These storms occur when high levels of condensation form in a volume of unstable air that generates deep, rapid, upward motion in the atmosphere. The heat energy creates powerful rising air currents that swirl upwards to the tropopause. The tropopause is in the atmosphere between the Troposphere and the Stratosphere. Cool descending air currents produce strong downdraughts below the storm. After the storm has spent its energy, the rising currents die away and downdraughts break up the cloud. Individual storm clouds can measure 2-10 km across.

• Tropical Cyclone - A tropical cyclone is a storm system with a closed circulation around a centre of low pressure, fueled by the heat released when moist air rises and condenses. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding A low pressure area, or " low " is a region where the Atmospheric pressure is lower in relation to the surrounding area The name underscores its origin in the tropics and their cyclonic nature. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 In Meteorology, a cyclone refers to an area of closed circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. Tropical cyclones are distinguished from other cyclonic storms such as nor'easters and polar lows by the heat mechanism that fuels them, which makes them "warm core" storm systems. A nor'easter (also northeaster; see below is a macro-scale Storm along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada. A polar low is a small-scale short-lived atmospheric low pressure system (depression that is found over the ocean areas poleward of the main Polar front in

Heavy storm brought by Typhoon Sanvu in Hong Kong. }The 2005 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds it ran year-round in 2005 but most Tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Sanvu was the first typhoon in 2005 that passed through the city.

Tropical cyclones form in the oceans if the conditions in the area are favorable, and depending on their strength and location, there are various terms by which they are called, such as tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane and typhoon. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding ^[4]

• Hailstorm - a type of storm that precipitates chunks of ice. Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones Hailstorms usually occur during regular thunder storms. While most of the hail that precipitates from the clouds is fairly small and virtually harmless, there have been cases of hail greater than 2 inches diameter that caused much damage and injuries.

• Tornado - A tornado is a violent, destructive wind storm occurring on land. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus Usually its appearance is that of a dark, funnel-shaped cyclone. Often tornadoes are preceded by a thunderstorm and a wall cloud. A wall cloud, or pedestal cloud, is a Cloud formation associated with Thunderstorms It is a marked lowering typically beneath the rain-free base (RFB They are often called the most destructive of storms, and while they form all over the world, the interior of the United States the most prone area, especially throughout Tornado Alley. For the book by William S Burroughs, see Tornado Alley (book.

Classification

A strict meteorological definition of a terrestrial storm is a wind measuring 10 or higher on the Beaufort scale, meaning a wind speed of 24. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary The Beaufort scale (ˈboʊfət is an Empirical measure for describing Wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions 5 m/s (89 km/h, 55 mph) or more; however, popular usage is not so restrictive. (For the South African airport with IATA code "KMH" see Johan Pienaar Airport. Storms can last anywhere from 12 to 200 hours, depending on season and geography. The east and northeast storms are noted for the most frequent repeatability and duration, especially during the cold period. ^[5] Big terrestrial storms alter the oceanographic conditions that in turn may affect food abundance and distribution: strong currents, strong tides, increased siltation, change in water temperatures, overturn in the water column, etc. Oceanography (from the greek words Ωκεανός meaning Ocean and γράφω meaning to write also called oceanology or

Extraterrestrial storms

The Great Red Spot on Jupiter

Storms are not unique to Earth; other heavenly bodies with a sufficient atmosphere (gas giants in particular) also undergo stormy weather. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 A gas giant (sometimes also known as a Jovian planet after the planet Jupiter, or giant planet) is a large Planet that is not primarily A famous example is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. Though technically a hurricane, it is larger than the earth and has been raging for at least 340 years, when it was observed by astronomer Galileo Galilei. Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Neptune also had its own lesser known Great Dark Spot. Neptune ( English|AmE] ] is the eighth and farthest Planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

In September 1994 Hubble telescope using Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaged the storms on Saturn, generated by upwelling of warmer air, similar to a terrestrial thunderhead. The Hubble Space Telescope ( HST; also known colloquially as "the Hubble" or just "Hubble" is a space telescope that was carried into The Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 ( WFPC2) is a Camera installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. The east-west extent of the same-year storm was equal to the diameter of Earth. The storm was observed earlier in September 1990 and acquired the name Dragon Storm. Dragon Storm (dubbed so in September 2004 because of its unusual shape is a name given to a large bright and complex Convective Storm in Saturn

Notable storms in art and culture

The Great Wave off Kanagawa, a Ukiyo-e print by Hokusai. is a famous woodblock print by the Japanese artist Hokusai. A literal translation of the Japanese name would be "Off Kanagawa the back (or underside of a wave "pictures of the floating world" is a genre of Japanese woodblock prints (or Woodcuts) and Paintings produced between the 17th was a Japanese Artist, Ukiyo-e painter and Printmaker of the Edo period.

The Ninth Wave is an 1850 painting by Ivan Aivazovsky. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Иван Константинович Айвазовский Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29,

According to the Bible, a giant storm sent by God flooded the Earth. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Noah and his family and the animals entered the Ark, and "the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened, and the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights. Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of Noah's Ark, according to the Book of Genesis (chapters 6-9 is the story of a large vessel built at God 's command to save Noah, his family " The flood covered even the highest mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet, and all creatures died; only Noah and those with him on the Ark were left alive.

In Greek mythology there were several gods of storms: Briareos, the god of sea storms; Aigaios, a god of the violent sea storms; and Aiolos, keeper of storm-winds, squalls and tempests. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The Hecatonchires, or Hekatonkheires Ἑκατόγχειρες( were three gargantuan figures of an archaic stage of Greek mythology. For the Click beetle Genus, see Aeolus (beetle. Aeolus ( Greek:, Ailos Modern Greek

William Shakespeare's play The Tempest (1611) was based on the following incident. William Shakespeare ( baptised The Tempest is a comedy written by William Shakespeare. It is generally dated to 1610-11 and accepted as the last play written solely by him although ^[6] Sir Thomas Gates, future governor of Virginia, was on his way to England from Jamestown, Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 On Saint James Day while between Cuba and the Bahamas a hurricane raged for nearly two days. The naval St James' Day Battle (also known as the St James' Day Fight, the Battle of the North Foreland and the Battle of Orfordness) took place on The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Though one of the small vessels in the fleet sank to the bottom of the Florida Straits, seven of the remaining vessels reached Virginia within several days after the storm. The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a Strait located south-southeast of the North American Mainland, generally accepted The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The flagship of the fleet, known as Sea Adventure, disappeared and was presumed lost. A small bit of fortune befell the ship and her crew when they made landfall on Bermuda. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The vessel was damaged on a surrounding coral reef, but all aboard survived for nearly a year on the island. The British colonists claimed the island and quickly settled Bermuda. In May 1610, they set forth for Jamestown, this time arriving at their destination. MAY ( also known as: Mei メイ 메이 is a Korean singer well known in South Korea for singing the song "Miracle"

The Romantic seascape painters J. M. W. Turner and Ivan Aivazovsky created some of the most lasting impressions of the sublime and stormy seas that are firmly imprinted on the popular mind. Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 1775 &ndash 19 December 1851 was an English Romantic landscape painter, Watercolourist and Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Иван Константинович Айвазовский Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, Turner's representations of powerful natural forces reinvented the traditional seascape during the first half of the nineteenth century. A seascape is a Photograph, Painting, or other Work of art which depicts the Sea. Upon his travels to Holland, he took note of the familiar large rolling waves of the English seashore transforming into the sharper, choppy waves of a Dutch storm. A characteristic example of Turner’s dramatic seascape is The Slave Ship of 1840. "The Slave Ship" or "Slavers Throwing overboard the Dead and Dying — Typhon coming on" is a painting by the British Aivazovsky left several thousand turbulent canvases in which he increasingly eliminated human figures and historical background to focus on such essential elements as light, sea, and sky. His grandiose Ninth Wave (1850) is an ode to human daring in the face of the elements.

Storms were also portrayed in several works of music. Examples are Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony (the fourth movement), Presto of the violin concerto RV 315 (Summer) from the Four Seasons by Vivaldi, and a scene in Act II of Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. A violin concerto is a Concerto for solo Violin (occasionally two or more violins and instrumental ensemble customarily Orchestra. The Four Seasons ( Le quattro stagioni in original Italian) is a set of four Violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi. The Barber of Seville or The Useless Precaution ( Il barbiere di Siviglia ossia L'inutile precauzione) is an Opera buffa in two acts by

See also

Types of storm with "storm" in name

• Anticyclonic storm
• Dust storm
• European windstorm
• Firestorm
• Heat storm
• Ice storm
• Perfect storm
• Pulse storm
• Salt storm
• Splitting storm
• Super storm
• Thunderstorm
• Wind storm
• Winter storm

Types of storm without "storm" in name

• Blizzard
• Cyclone
• Derecho
• Nor'easter
• Tornado
• Tropical cyclone

Structural devices built for storms

• Storm cellar
• Storm door
• Storm drain
• Storm room
• Storm windows

Other storm topics

• Atmospheric pressure
• Convective storm detection
• Extreme weather, a list of historical storms and other extreme weather
• Freezing rain
• Geomagnetic storm
• Ice storm warning
• Low pressure area
• Local storm report
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Storm cell
• Storm chasing
• Storm glass
• Storm moon
• Storm spotter
• Storm surge
• Storm warning
• Storm-scale
• Winter storm warning
• Winter storm watch

References

External links

• Media related to Storm from the Wikimedia Commons.

• Quotations at Storm on Wikiquote. Wikiquote is one of a family of Wiki -based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software
• Branick, Michael. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-145: A comprehensive glossary of weather terms for storm spotters. Second edition. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA) is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the The National Weather Service ( NWS) once known as the Weather Bureau is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1996.