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Arraignment · Information · Indictment Plea · Peremptory plea Nolo contendere (U. Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated Criminal law. An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by and on behalf of the state which authorizes the Arrest and detention of an individual A search warrant is a Court order issued by a Judge or Magistrate that authorizes law enforcement to conduct a Search In United States Criminal law, probable cause refers to the standard by which a Police officer has the right to make an Arrest, conduct Knock-and-announce, in United States Law of Criminal procedure, is an ancient Common-law principle incorporated into the Fourth Amendment An exigent circumstance, in the American Law of Criminal procedure, allows law enforcement to enter a structure without a warrant, or if they Reasonable suspicion is a legal standard in United States law that a person has been is or is about to be engaged in criminal activity based on specific and articulable facts Search and seizure is a legal procedure used in many civil law and Common law legal systems whereby Police or other authorities and their agents who suspect Police officers in various jurisdictions have power to search members of the public, for example for weapons drugs and stolen property An arrest is the act of depriving a person of his or her liberty usually in relation to the investigation and prevention of crime Detention of suspects is the process of keeping a person who has been Arrested in a police-cell prison or other detention centre before Trial or Sentencing The right to remain silent is a legal protection given to people undergoing police Interrogation or trial. In the United States, the Miranda warning is a Warning given by Police to criminal Suspects in police custody or in a custodial situation before The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In the Common law, a grand jury is a type of Jury which determines whether there is enough evidence for a trial. Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated Criminal law. A statute of limitations is a Statute in a Common law Legal system that sets forth the maximum period of time after certain events that legal proceedings Nolle prosequi is a Latin legal phrase meaning "do not pursue A bill of attainder (also known as an act or writ of Attainder) is an act of Legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of Criminal jurisdiction is a term used in Constitutional law and Public law to describe the power of Courts to hear a case brought by a state accusing Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief Traditionally bail is some form of Property deposited or pledged to a Court in order to persuade it to release a suspect from jail, on the understanding This article is about the inquisitorial system for organizing court proceedings The adversarial system (or adversary system) of law is the system of law generally adopted in Common law countries that relies on the skill of each advocate Arraignment is a Common law term for the formal reading of a criminal Complaint, in the presence of the Defendant, to inform him/her of the charges Information is a formal criminal charge made without a Grand jury Indictment by a Prosecutor in a document called an information. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense For the Pygmy backswimmer Genus, see Plea (insect. In the Common law, the peremptory pleas ( pleas in bar) are Pleas that set out special reasons for which a trial cannot go ahead la Nolo contendere is a legal term that comes from the Latin for "I will not contend it S. ) · Plea bargain Presentence Investigation
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Law · Criminal justice

Stop and Search is a police power in England and Wales, allowing police officers to search members of the public for weapons, drugs, stolen property, terrorism-related evidence or evidence of other crimes. A plea bargain (also plea agreement, plea deal or copping a plea) is an agreement in a Criminal case whereby the Prosecutor offers A presentence investigation report ( PSI) is a Legal term referring to the investigation into the history of person convicted of a crime before sentencing to determine The term criminal law, sometimes called penal law, refers to any of various bodies of rules in different Jurisdictions whose common characteristic is the potential The Law of evidence governs the use of Testimony (eg oral or written statements such as an Affidavit) and exhibits (e Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the process that Courts will follow when hearing cases of a civil nature (a " Civil action " as opposed to Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment Police also have powers to enter and search premises.

Contents 1 Powers 2 Conduct of a search 3 Rights of persons being searched 4 The Stop and Search Form 5 References 6 External links

Powers

Police officers and Police Community Support Officer have limited statutory stop and search powers. Police Community Support Officers ( PCSO) (Swyddogion Cymorth Cymunedol yr Heddlu SCCH or Heddlu Ategol are uniformed personnel working with the Police in England A statute is a formal written enactment of a Legislative authority that governs a Country, State, City, or County. Consent in itself does not give rise to authority to search. Annex A and C of Code A to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 list those powers. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( PACE) (1984 c 60 is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in The following table lists only the main powers.

Power and extent	Conditions for search	Conditions for seizure
Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, section 1 What Persons and vehicles Where Where there is public access Who by Police Constables	Reasonable suspicion he will find: a stolen item an offensive weapon an article adapted for use in connection with or intended by the person having it for use in: burglary theft taking a motor vehicle without consent fraud destroying or damaging property a firework possessed in contravention of a fireworks regulation	Reasonable suspicion the article is a : stolen item offensive weapon an article adapted for use in connection with or intended by the person having it for use in: burglary theft taking a motor vehicle without consent fraud destroying or damaging property a firework possessed in contravention of a fireworks regulation
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, section 60 What Persons and vehicles Where Anywhere authorised Who by Police constables in uniform	Authorisation for up to 24 hours of a police inspector on the basis of reasonable belief: that incidents involving serious violence may take place in any locality in his police area, and that it is expedient to give an authorisation under this section to prevent their occurrence, or that persons are carrying dangerous instruments or offensive weapons in any locality in his police area without good reason. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( PACE) (1984 c 60 is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was an Act of Parliament brought into law by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This law is used mainly to tackle football hooliganism and gang fights. Football hooliganism such as brawls vandalism and intimidation carried out by Association football club supporters and fans	A police officer discovers: a dangerous instrument or an article which he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be an offensive weapon.
Terrorism Act 2000, section 44 What: Pedestrians Vehicles, drivers and passengers Where Anywhere authorised Who by Police constables Police Community Support Officers[1]	Authorisation by a person of sufficient rank that on the basis that he considers it expedient for the prevention of acts of terrorism. The Terrorism Act 2000 is a current United Kingdom Act of Parliament, described as "an Act to make provision about Terrorism; and to make temporary It is under this law that police conduct random searches in train and London Underground stations. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire	An officer discovers an item he reasonably suspects is intended to be used in connection with terrorism
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, section 23(2) What Persons and vehicles Where Where there is public access Who by Police Constables	Reasonable suspicion he will find: A controlled drug	Belief that: It is evidence in connection with an offence under the Act

Conduct of a search

Code A to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 governs the exercise of stop and search powers. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c38 is an Act of Parliament, by which the United Kingdom aims to control the possession and supply of numerous drugs The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( PACE) (1984 c 60 is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in Reasonable force may be used in the exercise of stop and search powers. ^[2]

If an officer uses Stop and Search powers, they must advise:

• The law under which they are stopping or searching you
• Their badge number and police station
• What they are looking for
• The reason for the stop (unless it is a terrorist stop)
• They should also advise that the subject has the right to be given a record of the search.
• Advise the subject that they are detained for the duration of the stop

Rights of persons being searched

These rights are set out in Sections 2 and 3 of The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, and are binding on all forms of stop and search, not only those authorised by Section 1 of that act.

• It is not necessary to give an officer one's name and address in a Stop and Search. Declining to provide this information is not a valid reason for arrest.
• If a subject refuses to be stopped, the police can use reasonable force to both stop and detain, so they can conduct a search.
• If police are searching for drugs, weapons or stolen property, they must have a reason for suspicion (such as a general description, your behaviour, or other intelligence) before they can make a search. A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body If the Stop and Search is terrorism-related, then this is exempted from that rule.
• The officers making the search must use the Stop and Search powers fairly, responsibly and with respect for people without discrimination.
• If English is not the first language of a subject, and they do not understand why they have been stopped, reasonable steps must be taken to provide information in the subject's first language.
• The officer must make sure that the search time is kept to a minimum.
• The search must take place near where you are stopped, except in instances where moving a subject would protect their privacy. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively
• The police do not have the power to stop someone to find grounds for a search.

The Stop and Search Form

Officers are obliged to provide a form explaining the reason for the stop and giving contact information.

On occasions where officers are unable to provide the full form, for example if they receive a call they must urgently respond to, they are obliged to provide a receipt instead. This acts as a record of the stop, and a full form can be subsequently obtained from a police station anytime within the next twelve months by providing this receipt.

References

1. ^ Police Reform Act 2002, Schedule 4, paragraph 15.
2. ^ Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, section 117

External links

• Home Office Stop and Search website
• Citizens Advice Bureau Stop and Search Entry

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 ( PACE) (1984 c 60 is an Act of Parliament which instituted a legislative framework for the powers of police officers in

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