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"docker" redirects here. For other uses, see docker (disambiguation).
A docker lashes down cargo aboard a container ship.
A docker lashes down cargo aboard a container ship. Container ships are Cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers in a technique called Containerization.

The words stevedore [1], docker, and longshoreman can have various waterfront-related meanings concerning loading and unloading ships, according to place and country. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size

The word "stevedore" originated in Spain or Portugal, and entered the English language through its use by sailors. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States It started as a phonetic spelling of Spanish estibador or Portuguese estivador = "a man who stuffs", here in the sense of "a man who loads ships", which was the original meaning of "stevedore"; compare Latin stīpāre = "to stuff". A phonemic orthography is a Writing system where the written Graphemes correspond to Phonemes the spoken sounds of the language Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. [2] In the United Kingdom, men who load and unload ships are usually called dockers while in the United States and Canada the term longshoreman, derived from "man-along-the-shore," is used. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [3]

Contents

Loading and unloading ships

Stevedores on a New York dock loading barrels of corn syrup onto a barge on the Hudson River. Photograph by Lewis Hine, ca. 1912
Stevedores on a New York dock loading barrels of corn syrup onto a barge on the Hudson River. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Photograph by Lewis Hine, ca. 1912

Loading and unloading ships requires knowledge of the operation of loading equipment, the proper techniques for lifting and stowing cargo, and correct handling of hazardous materials. Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, A dangerous good is any Solid, Liquid, or Gas that can harm people other living Organisms property or the environment In addition, workers must be physically strong and be able to follow orders.

In earlier days, men who load and unload ships had to tie down cargoes with rope. A type of stopper knot is called the stevedore knot. The term stopper knot (or simply stopper) has three distinct meanings in the context of Knotting and Cordage. The Stevedore knot is a stopper knot, often tied near the end of a Rope. The methods of securely tying up parcels of goods is called stevedore lashing or stevedore knotting. While loading a general cargo vessel, they use dunnage, which are pieces of wood (or nowadays sometimes strong inflatable bags) set down to keep the cargo out of any water that might be lying in the hold or are placed as shims between cargo crates to keep them from shifting during a voyage. Dunnage is a term for off-cut or spare pieces of scrap Wood. "Dunnage" is a common word throughout many trades in New Zealand, Australia, A crate is a large container often made of Wood, often used to transport large heavy or awkward items

Today, the vast majority of non-bulk cargo is transported in shipping containers[4]. Bulk cargo is Commodity Cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers The containers arrive at a port by truck, rail or another ship and are stacked in the port's storage area. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo This article is about the semi-truck For the North American use of the word see Pickup truck. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. When the ship that will be transporting them arrives, the containers that it is offloading are unloaded by a crane. The containers either leave the port by truck or rail or are put in the storage area until they are put on another ship. Once the ship is offloaded, the containers it is leaving with are brought to the dock by truck. A dock (from Dutch 'dok' is a man-made feature involved in the handling of boats or ships A crane lifts the containers from the trucks into the ship. As the containers pile up in the ship, the workers connect them to the ship and to each other. The jobs involved include the crane operators, the workers who connect the containers to the ship and each other, the truck drivers that transport the containers from the dock and storage area, the workers who track the containers in the storage area and as they are loaded and unloaded, as well as various supervisors. Those workers at the port who handle and move the containers are likely to be considered stevedores or longshoremen.

Because they work outdoors in all types of weather, these workers adopted a type of cap that has a snug fit, is warm, and is easily put away in a pocket. A cap is a form of Headgear. Caps have crowns that fit closer than Hats and have no brim or only a Visor. These are a type of beanie or watch cap called variously stevedore's cap or stevedore's hat. Beanie is the name for two distinct types of Cap or Hat The name "beanie" probably comes from the early-20th century slang term "bean" Beanie is the name for two distinct types of Cap or Hat The name "beanie" probably comes from the early-20th century slang term "bean"

Before containerization, freight was often handled with a longshoreman’s hook, a tool which became emblematic of the profession (at least in the United States) [5]. A Longshoreman's hook, also known as a box hook, cargo hook, loading hook, or Docker 's hook is a tool historically used by longshoremen

Traditionally, stevedores would have no fixed job and turn up at the docks in the morning hoping to find someone willing to employ them for the day. London dockers and deal porters called this practice "standing on the stones"[6], while in the United States it was referred to as Shaping[7]. The Port of London lies along the banks of the River Thames from London, England to the North Sea. The deal porters were a specialist group of workers in London 's docks In Britain, due to changes in employment laws, such jobs have either become permanent or have been to converted to temporary jobs. Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions Temporary work or temporary employment refers to a situation where the employee is expected to leave the employer within a certain period of time

Dock workers have been a prominent part of the modern labor movement. The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better [8]

Usage

Australia

In Australia, stevedores or dockers were historically referred to as wharf labourers and were colloquially called wharfies. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Maritime Union of Australia has coverage of these workers, and fought a substantial industrial battle in the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute to prevent the contracting out of work to non-union contractors. The Maritime Union of Australia covers waterside workers, Seamen, port workers professional divers and office workers associated with Australian ports The Australian waterfront dispute of 1998 was a severe and protracted Industrial relations dispute primarily between the Maritime Union of Australia (MUA and

New Zealand

New Zealand usage is highly similar to the Australian version; waterfront workers are also known as "wharfies. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island " The 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute, involving New Zealand stevedores, was the largest and bitterest industrial dispute in the country's history. The 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute is the largest and most widespread industrial dispute in New Zealand history

United States

In usual present-day United States waterfront word usage, a stevedore is a man or a company who manages the operation of loading or unloading a ship. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Generally a company is a form of Business organization. The precise definition varies A stevedore typically owns equipment used in the loading or discharge operation and hires longshoremen who load and unload cargo under the direction of a stevedore superintendent. Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train,

It is common but inaccurate to use the terms “stevedore” and “longshoreman” interchangeably. However, even the U. S. Congress has done so. See, for example, the Ship Mortgage Act, 46 app. U. S. C. section 31301(5)(C) which designates both "crew wages" and "stevedore wages" as preferred maritime liens. The intent of the statute was to give the wages of the seamen and longshoremen the same level of protection. Nevertheless, sometimes the word "stevedore" is still used to mean "man who loads and unloads a ship", as British "docker".

Today, a commercial stevedoring company also may contract with a terminal owner to manage all terminal operations. A container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles for onward transportation Many large container ship operators have established in-house stevedoring operations to handle cargo at their own terminals and to provide stevedoring services to other container carriers. Container ships are Cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers in a technique called Containerization.

Two unions within the AFL-CIO represent longshoremen in the United States: the International Longshoremen's Association, which represents longshoremen on the East Coast, on the Great Lakes and connected waterways and along the Gulf of Mexico, and the International Longshore and Warehouse Union, which represents longshoremen along the West Coast, in Hawaii and Alaska, and, through an affiliate, in Canada. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, commonly AFL-CIO, is a National trade union center, the largest federation of Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The International Longshoremen's Association is a labor union representing The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, the definition of a stevedore varies from port to port. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In some ports, only the highly skilled master of a loading gang is referred to as a "stevedore". "Docker" is the usual general term used in the UK for a man who loads or unloads ships and performs various other jobs required at a sea port.

19th century

In Two Years Before the Mast the author describes the steeving of a merchant sailing ship. Two Years Before the Mast is a book by the American author Richard Henry Dana Jr This was the process of taking a mostly-full hold and cramming in more material. In this case, the hold was filled with hides from the California hide trade up to four feet below the ceiling. The California Hide Trade was a system of trade during the early 1800s "Books" composed of 25-50 cattle skins folded into a bundle were prepared, and a small opening created in the middle of one of the existing stacks. Then the book was shoved in by use of a pair of thick strong pieces of wood called steeves. The steeves had one end shaped as a wedge which was placed into the middle of a book to shove it into the stack. The other ends were pushed on by means of block and tackle attached to the hull and overhead beams and hauled on by sailors. A block and tackle is a system of two or more Pulleys with a Rope or Cable threaded between them usually used to lift or pull heavy loads

Famous stevedores

Famous former stevedores and longshoremen include:

Stevedores in popular media

In 1949, reporter Malcolm Johnson was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for a 24-part investigative series titled Crime on the Waterfront published in the New York Sun. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Malcolm Johnson may refer to Malcolm Johnson (administrator, British director of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau Malcolm The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, The Sun was a New York newspaper that was published from 1833 until 1950

This material was fictionalized and used as a basis for the vastly influential film, On the Waterfront. On the Waterfront is a American Drama film about mob violence and corruption among longshoremen. The film stars Marlon Brando as a longshoreman, and the longshoremen's working conditions figure in the film's plot. Marlon Brando Jr (April 3 1924 – July 1 2004 was an Academy Award -winning American Actor, whose body of work spanned over half a century Playwright Arthur Miller was involved in the early stages of the development of the film, and his play A View from the Bridge also deals with the troubled life of a longshoreman. Arthur Asher Miller (October 17 1915 &ndash February 10 2005 was an American Playwright and Essayist. A View from the Bridge is a play by Arthur Miller originally produced as a one-act Verse drama on Broadway in 1955

In the HBO Series The Wire, the Stevedore Union and its members, particularly Frank Sobotka, working in Baltimore figure prominently in the second season's story arc. Frank Sobotka is a Fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Chris Bauer.

Welsh rock band Budgie's 1972 album Squawk features a song titled Hot As A Docker's Armpit. Wales has a strong and distinctive tradition of Folk music related to the Celtic music of countries such as Ireland and Scotland. Budgie are a Welsh Hard rock band from Cardiff, South Glamorgan. Squawk is Budgie 's second album Released in September 1972 this recording was certified Gold in 1973 It tells the story of a girl who lead singer Burke Shelley finds extremely attractive. Burke Shelley (b John Burke Shelley 10 April 1947, Cardiff) is the Bass guitarist, and vocalist of hugely influential Welsh

The word "stevedore" has become proverbial for being over-muscular (e. g. [1] [2] [3]) or for foulmouthedness ([4] [5]).

Tom Cruise played a longshoreman in the movie War of the Worlds. Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ( born July 3 1962 better known by his screen name Tom Cruise, is an American Actor and Film producer The War of the Worlds (1898 by H G Wells, is an early Science fiction Novel which describes an invasion of England by

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "stevedore". The Battle of Ballantyne Pier was a clash between city provincial and federal police and Communist-led protesters on 18 June 1935 in the East End of Vancouver Admiralty law (also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of Law which governs maritime questions and offenses Dunnage is a term for off-cut or spare pieces of scrap Wood. "Dunnage" is a common word throughout many trades in New Zealand, Australia, Template talkInfobox Union for usage -->The Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union was an Australian Trade union The International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU is a labor union which primarily represents dock workers on the West Coast of the United States, The Liverpool Dockers' Strike lasted from 1995 to 1998. Although referred to as a strike it was strictly a dispute because the employers The Mersey Docks and Harbour Company (MDHC is the current incarnation of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board which itself had replaced Liverpool Dock Trustees who The National Union of Dock Labourers ( NUDL) was a Trade union in the United Kingdom. The Scottish Union of Dock Labourers was a Glasgow -based Trade union for waterfront workers Originally founded by Francis Weeks in 1919 the Weeks Stevedoring Company started with two cranes in the Port of New York handling bunker coal and dry ballast The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd). (1989). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  
  2. ^ Freedictionary.com
  3. ^ America on the Move collection
  4. ^ Marc Levinson (2006). The Box, How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger. Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN ISBN 0-691-12324-1.  
  5. ^ (1969) "Uniform Containerization of Freight: Early Steps in the Evolution of an Idea", The Business History Review, 43(1), pp. 84-87
  6. ^ standing on the stones BFI Film and TV Database, London Dockers (1964)
  7. ^ Shaping. Retrieved on 2008-05-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  8. ^ BBC British History

External links

Dictionary

stevedore

-noun

  1. A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo.

-verb

  1. (transitive) To load or unload a ship's cargo.
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