Steroid diabetes is a medical term referring to prolonged hyperglycemia due to glucocorticoid therapy for another medical condition. Hyperglycemia, hyperglycaemia, or high blood sugar is a condition in which an excessive amount of Glucose circulates in the Blood plasma Glucocorticoids (GC are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) and trigger similar effects It is usually, but not always, a transient condition.
The most common glucocorticoids which cause steroid diabetes are prednisone and dexamethasone given systemically in "pharmacologic doses" for days or weeks. Prednisone is a synthetic Corticosteroid drug that is usually taken orally but can be delivered by Intramuscular injection and can be used for a great number Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of Steroid Hormones It acts as an Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant Typical medical conditions in which steroid diabetes arises during high-dose glucocorticoid treatment include severe asthma, organ transplantation, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and induction chemotherapy for leukemia or other cancers. Asthma is a chronic Condition involving the Respiratory system in which the airways occasionally constrict become inflamed, and are Cystic fibrosis (also known as CF, mucoviscoidosis, or mucoviscidosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus glands of the lungs In Medicine, inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the large intestine and Small intestine Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. Leukemia or leukaemia (Greek leukos λευκός, "white" aima αίμα, "blood" is a Cancer of the Blood Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled
Glucocorticoids oppose insulin action and stimulate gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver, resulting in a net increase in hepatic glucose output. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance Gluconeogenesis (abreviated GNG) is a Metabolic pathway that results in the generation of Glucose from non- Carbohydrate carbon substrates such The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Most people can produce enough extra insulin to compensate for this effect and maintain normal glucose levels, but those who cannot develop steroid diabetes.
The diagnostic criteria for steroid diabetes are those of diabetes (fasting glucoses persistently above 125 mg/dl (7 mM) or random levels above 200 mg/dl (11 mM)) occurring in the context of high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Diagnosis is the identification by Process of elimination, of the nature of anything Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Insulin levels are usually detectable, and sometimes elevated, but inadequate to control the glucose. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance In extreme cases the hyperglycemia may be severe enough to cause nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma (nonketotic Hyperglycaemia) is a type of Diabetic coma associated with a high mortality seen in Diabetes mellitus type 2.
Treatment depends on the severity of the hyperglycemia and the estimated duration of the steroid treatment. Mild hyperglycemia in an immunocompetent patient may not require treatment if the steroids will be discontinued in a week or two. Moderate hyperglycemia carries an increased risk of infection, especially fungal, and especially in people with other risk factors such as immunocompromise or central intravenous lines. Mycosis (plural mycoses) is a condition in which Fungi pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body and establish Infections Classification Insulin is the most common treatment. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance
Steroid diabetes must be distinguished from stress hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia due to excessive intravenous glucose, or new-onset diabetes of another type. Stress hyperglycemia (also called stress diabetes or diabetes of injury) is a medical term referring to transient elevation of the blood Glucose due to Because it is not unusual for steroid treatment to precipitate type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a person who is already in the process of developing it, it is not always possible to determine whether apparent steroid diabetes will be permanent or will go away when the steroids are finished. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Type 1 diabetes Type I diabetes T1D T1DM IDDM juvenile diabetes is a form of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus type 2 or Type 2 Diabetes (formerly called non - Insulin -dependent Diabetes mellitus (NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes is a metabolic More commonly undiagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes are brought to clinical attention with corticosteroid treatment because subclinical hyperglycemia worsens and becomes symptomatic. Generally, steroid diabetes without preexisting type 2 diabetes will resolve upon termination of corticosteroid administration.
Steroid diabetes does not occur with other steroid hormones, such as anabolic steroids, mineralocorticoid, or sex steroids because these other categories of steroids have little effect on glucose metabolism. A steroid is a Terpenoid Lipid characterized by a Carbon skeleton with four fused rings generally arranged in a 6-6-6-5 fashion Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Anabolic steroids, or anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS) are a class of Steroid hormones related to the hormone Testosterone. Mineralocorticoids are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by their similarity to Aldosterone and their influence on salt and water balance Sex steroids, also known as gonadal steroids, are Steroid hormones that interact with Vertebrate Androgen or Estrogen receptors
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