Stavropol (English) Ставрополь (Russian)
Location of Stavropol on the map of Russia
Coordinates 45°03′N 41°59′E / 45.05, 41.983Coordinates: 45°03′N 41°59′E / 45.05, 41.983
Coat of Arms	Flag
Administrative status
Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of	Stavropol Krai Stavropol Krai Stavropol Krai
Local self-government
Charter	Charter of Stavropol
Municipal status	Urban okrug
Head (Mayor)	Dmitry Kuzmin
Legislative body	City Duma
Area
Area	242. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Stavropol Krai (Ставропо́льский край Stavropolsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a Krai) A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 36 km² (93. 6 sq mi)
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank - Density	354,867 inhabitants 49th 1,464. Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried This is a list of cities and towns in Russia with population over 50000 grouped by federal subject and sorted by population Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (3,792. 3/sq mi)
Events
Founded	October 22, 1777
City status	May 5, 1785
Renamed Voroshilovsk	May 5, 1935
Renamed Stavropol	January 12, 1943
Other information
Postal code	355000
Dialing code	+7 8652
Official website
http://stavropol.stavkray.ru/

Government building

Stavropol (Russian: Ста́врополь) is a city located in south-western Russia and is the administrative center of Stavropol Krai. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a All Country calling codes for the European Union countries start with +3x or +4x A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Stavropol Krai (Ставропо́льский край Stavropolsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a Krai) Population: 355,900 (2005 est. ); 354,867 (2002 Census);^[1] 318,298 (1989 Census). Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried The 1989 Soviet Census was the final and most comprehensive census taken within the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ^[2]

History

Stavropol was founded in 1777 following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 as a military encampment and designated as a city in 1785. The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian [1] Prince Grigory Potemkin, who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at the request of Catherine II of Russia, played a leading role in the creation of the city. Azov (Азо́в a'zof is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just sixteen kilometers from the Sea of Azov Mozdok may refer to Mozdok Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, a town in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania Russia Mozdok Tambov Oblast, Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Don Cossacks, particularly those from the Khopersky regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgievsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire. Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. Georgiyevsk (Гео́ргиевск is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, situated in the Forecaucasus on submontane tableland [2]

The name "Stavropol" is a Russian rendition of a fictitious Greek name, Stauropolis (historically the name of an unrelated archbishopric in Caria, a Roman province in present Anatolia), meaning "The city of the Cross". The Catholic Titular see of Stauropolis was once a Metropolitan see, at Aphrodisias, in the Province of Caria. Municipalities of Caria Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns in Classical Greece is based entirely on ancient sources Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half According to a legend soldiers found a huge cross made out of stone when they were building the fortress in the future city location.

Alexander I in 1809, invited several Armenian families to settle by the fortress, in order to encourage trade in the region. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of [3]

Stavropol's strategic location aided in the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East By the early 19th century the city grew into a busy trade center of the Northern Caucasus. The North Caucasus, also Ciscaucasus, Ciscaucasia or Forecaucasia, is the northern part of the Caucasus region between Europe In 1843 an Episcopal see of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Stavropol and in 1847 the city became the administrative center of the gubernia (governorate) with the same name. An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually [4]

Well-known Russians who have visited or resided in Stavropol include: Generals Suvorov, Alexey Yermolov and Nikolay Raevsky, the poets Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov, who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov, Alexander Griboedov, Leo Tolstoy, and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov. Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov Alexey Yermolov may refer to Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (1777-1861 - Russian general and statesman Alexey Sergeyevich Yermolov (1847-1917 Nikolay Nikolaevich Rayevsky (Николай Николаевич Раевский ( 14 September 1771 &ndash 16 September 1829 Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов) ( –) a Russian Romantic Writer and Poet, sometimes Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов alternative transcription Griboedov ( January 15, 1795 – February Leo Tolstoy, or Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ( –) (Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, was a Russian Writer widely regarded Ossetia (pronounced /ɒˈsɛtɪə/ or /oʊˈsiːʃə/ Ossetic: Ирыстон Iryston; Russian: Осетия Osetiya; Georgian Konstantin (Kosta Khetagati (Хетæгкаты Къоста &mdash) was a national poet of the Ossetian people who is generally regarded as the founder of the [5]

During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times and finally was captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on January 29, 1920. The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya For the British Volunteer Army see Volunteer Army (British. For voluntary military service see Volunteer military. Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин ( December 16, 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on the 5th of May, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov, but returned to its original name in 1943. (Климе́нт Ефре́мович Вороши́лов Kliment Efremovič Vorošilov, Климент Єфремович Ворошилов popularly known as Klim Voroshilov [6] The Great Patriotic War took a heavy toll on the city and between August 3, 1942 and January 21, 1943 Stavropol was occupied by the Germans. The term Great Patriotic War (Великая Отечественная война Velikaya Otechestvennaya Vojna) is used in Russia and some other Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Since 1946 natural gas has been extracted near the city; later on, a pipeline to Moscow was built to supply it. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of [7] The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, was born in Stavropol Krai (region) and spent several years working in the city of Stavropol as the head of the Krai's administration. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician

Streets of Stavropol around 1900. The building, Bayger's pharmacy, still stands

Modern city

Stavropol has a theater and a football team called Dynamo Stavropol. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Dynamo Stavropol is a football club from south Russia History The club's most significant victory was achieved in 1949, when it earned The main educational institutions of the town are: Stavropol State University, Northern Caucasus State Polytechnic University, Agrarian University and Stavropol State Medical Academy. The area of Russia in which Stavropol resides is very mountainous, placing the city in the midst of the northern Caucasus mountain range. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East The city has one the biggest and best city parks in Russia. Stavropol's economy focuses on the production of automobiles, furniture, and construction equipment and materials. The city relies on air transport ( Shpakovskoye airport), rail, and highway connections to other Russian cities. Stavropol Shpakovskoye Airport (sometimes appearing as Mikhaylovskoye) is an airport in Stavropol Krai, Russia located 13 km northeast of Stavropol

Stavropol's population includes a significant number of refugees escaping the strife or instability of the Russian border regions and Caucasus nations to the south.

Sister cities

• Des Moines, United States
• Beziers, France
• Pazardzhik, Bulgaria
• Yerevan, Armenia

Source:^[3]

References

External links

• Official website of Stavropol (English) (Russian)
• Live webcam view of Stavropol including Government Building